Micro Final Exam Ldp Lecom

Front 1

GP120

Back 1

viral attachment protein of HIV

Front 2

Orthomyxoviridae

Back 2

Virus: Influnza A virus

attachment: HA gp (hemaglutinate is the binding protein)

Front 3

Epstein-Barr virus

Back 3

B cell is the target

receptor is CD21 and C3d

Front 4

HIV

Back 4

Helper T cell is target

receptor is CD4

Front 5

viral fusion

Back 5

only occurs in enveloped viruses

Front 6

Pox viruses

Back 6

stay in cytoplasm

Front 7

Rabies virus buzzword

Back 7

Bullet shaped

Front 8

Syncytia causing viruses

Back 8

Paramyxoviruses (measeles/mumps)

Herpesviruses

Retroviruse(HIV)

HeRP

cause giant multi-nucleated cells

Front 9

Negri bodies

Back 9

Rabies

Front 10

Owels eye

Back 10

Cytomegalovirus

Front 11

cancer causing viruses

Back 11

HPV-supress tumor-supressor genes

HTLV-1 = removes checkpoints

CMV/EBV = prevents apoptosis

HBV= hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 12

Parvo

Back 12

B19

single stranded DNA virus, super small

called 5th disease, causes a rash

targets RBC precursors, lyses them, causes mild enemia

can cross placenta, respiratory

young infected more often than adults

rash looks like someone slapped both sides of face

adults have it more severely

stillbirth, hydrops

Front 13

Papovaviruses

HPV is MOST COMMON STD

Back 13

naked virus

causes INFECTIOUS worts

virus enters through skin break

get it from walking around in pools/sex

HPV-6, HPV-11 cause WORTS

HPV-16, HPV-18 cause CANCER

Cauliflower lesion

Huge nucleus with a peri-nuclear vacuole-Koilocyte

Front 14

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Back 14

R. rickettsii, Tick, spotted, techial rash (spotted), can cause hypovolemic shock

Front 15

Rickettsialpox

Back 15

R. akari, Mite

Front 16

Scrub typhus

Back 16

R. tsutsugamushi, mite

Front 17

spirochetes genera and characterstics

Back 17

motile, cork–screw like motion, need to be seen in dark field microscopy

gram negative but no LPS


Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Front 18

Treponemes

Back 18

Treponema pallidum: causes syphilis


Treponema carateum: causes pinta

Front 19

Treponema pallidum

Back 19

causes syphillis, destroys host tissue due to host immune response


3rd most common STD


universal precautions spread

Front 20

most common STD

Back 20

HPV

Front 21

most common bacterial STD

Back 21

Chlymidia

Front 22

T. pallidum phases

Back 22

1– painless chancre(ulcer) at infection site

2–Rash over entire body, including palms and soles, patchy hairloss, condylomata lata(wort like), nickel and dime rash

3–destruction of brain/heart tissues(lethal w.o treat), Gummas in bone and skin

Front 23

T. pallidum

Back 23

hosts immune system does damage

cant culture, causes syphilis

no vaccine

Front 24

Congenital Syphilis

Back 24

vertical transmission

baby has: snuffels from nose, hutchinson teeth(notched), saber shins, raspberry molars

Front 25

Diagnosis of T. pallidum

Back 25

Non-treponenal first

VDRL(beneral disease lab test)

RPR(rapid plasma reagin)

cardiolipin is antigen

Treponemal tests-for confirmation

Antibody absorbtion (FTA-ABS)

T. pallidum aggul(TP-PA)

(EIA- enzyme immunoassay)

Front 26

Borellia burgdorferi

Back 26

LYME

has outer envelope

transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (black legged tick)

3 stages

1-"bulls eye rash and flu

2- arthritis, maliase (6mth later)

3-(yrs later) neuro effects, prolonged arthritis

Front 27

B. burgdorferi diagnosis

Back 27

ELISIA screen and Western confirm

Front 28

B. recurrentis

Back 28

human body louse

causes recurring fever that decreases each time it occurs, fever,chills, sweats

bc of antigenic variation

spirochetes only there when in febrile stage

Front 29

B. hermsi

Back 29

tick-born relapsing fever

hepatomegaly,splenomegaly

soft body tick spread(orinthodoros)

colorado

same relapse as recurrentis

Front 30

Leptospira interrogans

Back 30

obligate aerobic spirochetes with HOOKED ENDS

Rodents in Hawaii-mouse pee

transmitted via water and food with virus(mouse pees in water)

causes leptospirosis, 2 phases

1-flu-like

2- sudden headache,chills, fever, conjuctival suffusion(eye edema)

Weil disease- renal failure, jaundice

Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)

Front 31

Gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli

Back 31

Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Coxiella

Small obligate intracellular bacteria

transmitted via arthropods

Front 32

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)

Back 32

neutrophils attacked

Front 33

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)

Back 33

monocytes attacked

Front 34

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Back 34

R. rickettsii

Tick Dermacentor
SE USA
Phospholipase A degrades phagosome

Abrubt f,c, headache Rash 2-3 days later, starts on hands and feet then goes inward

Weil-felix for diagnosis, poor gram stain

Front 35

Rickettsialpox

Back 35

R. akari

Mite/mouse in NE

Self-limiting,

single red papule appears with photophobia, cough ,vertigo then 3 days later 20-40 lesions on palms and soles appear

Front 36

Scrub typhus

Back 36

R. tsutsugamushi (Orientia)

Chiggers-mite larva

F,c,HA,myalgia, Maculopapular rash-trunk to extremeties

Front 37

Epidemic typhus

Back 37

R. prowazekii

Human body Louse

Crowed unsanitary conditions

Flying squirrel reservoir

Fever, chills, headache then rash from TRUNK TO EXTREMETIES

Positive Weil-Felix test

Brill-Zinsser disease can occur-WWII vets, like typhus but milder, increased IgG

Front 38

Ehrlichiosis

Back 38

E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii

Tick

WBC infection (monocytes and granulocytes)

N,v,abd pain

Young adult/elderly

Will see a morula containing organisms on blood smear

Front 39

Anaplasmosis

Back 39

A. phagocytophilum

Tick

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)

Morula on blood smearsN,v,abd pain

Front 40

Q fever

Back 40

C. burnetii

No vector

Gram neg bac, Spore-like

Found in phagolysosome

INHALE TO INFECT- aerosol spreadFound in placenta and poop of livestock and cats

Acute disease-antibody against Phase 2 antigen, atypical pneumonia(hacking, non-productive cough)

Chronic disease- antibodies against phase 1 and 2, endocarditis, f,maliase

Front 41

chlamydiaceae

Back 41

gram-neg kinda, obligate intracellular.

has envelope, uses hosts ATP,NADP

Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydia trachomatis

EB form is small and hardy, infectious form for entry and exit

RB(reticulate body)-large, fragile, intracellular form, replication, NOT INFECTIOUS

"burning, discharge on urination"

"cytoplasmic occulsions"

Front 42

how does chlamydiacea enter cells?

Back 42

EB form invades and doesn't let lysosome and phagosome combine and then turns to RB and uses ATP to repilicate and form inclusion bodies, then 3 days later form EBs and become infectious

STAIN BLUE WITH IODINE

Front 43

"atypical pneumonia" most common?

Back 43

mycoplasmia

Front 44

“parrot fever”

Back 44

-Chlamydophila psittaci

Front 45

“walking pneumoniae”

Back 45

-Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Front 46

Trachoma,inclusion conjunctivitis, NGU, LGV

Back 46

C.trachomatis

Front 47

Chlamydia psittaci

Back 47

birds/bird poo

respiratory infection, causes lung inflammation, mucus plugs

splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, coma, myocarditis

super infectious!

Front 48

organisms that don't gram stain?

Back 48

Legionella, mycolasmia, chlymidia

Front 49

C. pneumoniae

Back 49

respiratory droplets

nosocomial transmission, community aquired

causes "walking pneumonia", bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, aytpical pnemonia with persistant cough (wks), atherosclerosis

elderly most common

Front 50

bacteria with a capsule

Back 50

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Haemophilius influenzae type b

Neisseria meningitidis

Escherichia coli K1

Front 51

C. trachomatis overview

Back 51

Awesome serotypes:

-Trachoma(A,B,Ba and C) -traveling

-Inclusion conjuctivitis, non0gonococcal urethrtis(D-K)

-Lymphogranuloma venerum(LGV, L1,L2,L2a,L3)

DNA probes, cytoplasmic inclusions

Front 52

C. trachomatis-Trachoma

Back 52

serotype (A,B,Ba and C)

PERM blindness occurs due to inflammation in eye, this rubbing back and forth causes scarring of cornea

via eye-flies, children, feces

Front 53

C. trachomatis-Inclusion conjuctivitis

Back 53

Inclusion conjuctivitis, non0gonococcal urethrtis serotypes (D-K)

auto-innoculation from junk

most common form of neonatal conjuctivitis in USA!

acute, eye discharge, not perm blindness

Front 54

C. trachomatis- NGU (non-gonnococcal urethritits)

Back 54

serotypes D-K

STD in teens, can cause infertility, cervical OS discharge, urethra discharge

mucoid discharge

infants can get eye infections or infant pneumonia-infant has pertussis-like cough, SOB, no fever

Front 55

C. trachomatis-LGV-Lymphogranuloma venereum

Back 55

serotypes with L in them

purulent exudate

STD in homosex males populus in SA,Africa,asia

aquired by abrasions, transient papules on external genitalia

massive lymphandopathy in groin and elephantitis, LN blocked and skin over LN can get thin rupture

f,c,HA

macrophages

IgM serology

Front 56

STDS with discharge?

Back 56

chymidia(ureaplasma)

gonnerhea(G- dldiplococci, kidney beans with neutrophils, yellow discharge, pilli factor for antigenic variations and attachment)

Front 57

STDs with lesions?

Back 57

LGV, HPV, herpes, syphillis(painless ulcer)

Front 58

Mycoplasma

Back 58

lack cell wall, resistant to penicillins, cephlasporins

no staining

m.pneumonia- "mulberry looking"

Front 59

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Back 59

strict aerobe

“mulberry” appearance

P1 adhesion- kills ciliated cells in resp tract which causes persistent cough

Superantigen-like activity- stimulates inflammatoy cell migration via TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6

organisms shed in resp secretions before and after infection

spread by droplets, pneumoniae in children 5-15YOA and teens

causes:

mild upper resp infection- low fev, malaise, HA, non-prod cough

mild tracheobronchitis- f,cough, HA

atypical pneumonia- "walking pneumonia" slow onset, f, HA, unilteral patchy in lower lobes

non-purulent otitis media in teenagers and lower resp tract illness!!

mononuclear cells on gram stain

cold agglutins

Front 60

M. hominis, M. genitalium

Back 60

Sexual contact spread

in GU tract, FRIED EGG APPERANCE, faculative arobes

M. hominis- post-partum fever (erythro resistant)

M. genitalium- NGU

SEXUAL ABUSE SPREAD TO KIDS

Front 61

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Back 61

UREASE ACTIVITY

no cell wall

small circular, burrowing colonies

kidney stones....if no gram stain this (otherwise proteus)

GU tract of m/f, 80% with >3 sex partners

Front 62

anaerobes overview

Back 62

Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridia(impt)

colonize in large numbers

usually endogenous and help with digestion

spread to areas they shouldn't be in trauma

Front 63

Actinomyces

Back 63

Gram + rods, anerobe

slow-growth in culture, BRANCHING RODS

A. israelii

normal flora in mouth, GI,GU

endogenous infection due to trauma/cancer

chronic granulomatous lesions, in abcesses, look like grain of sand

"sulfur granules"- yellow/orange masses of fiamentous organisms

Cervicofacial disease= poor oral hygiene, dental work, tissue swelling on jawline

"lumpy jaw"

"G+ branching rods" that do not grow in the presence of oxygen"--thiss

white colonies with domed surface(molar-looking, vertical growth!)

Front 64

Bacteroides fragilis

Back 64

Gram-negative, pleomorphic, anerobe rods, endogenous

80% of GI infections!!

via bite or trauma

self-limiting watery diarrhea (<5YOA)
F-actin rearrangement makes poo

vagina abscess

FOUL ODOR, grows on bacteroides bile-esculin agar (agar has gentamicin to kill enterococcus, turns black)

Front 65

Clostridia overview

Back 65

G+, spore forming rods

exotoxins, endogenous

strict anaerobes

Front 66

clostridium perfringens overview

Back 66

Gas gangrene, food poisoning, necrotizing enteritis

flat, spreading colonies, DOUBLE zone of B-hemolysis

α-toxin: leathal toxin, phospolipase C (increases vascular permeability, hemolysin- produces necrotizing activity

β-Toxin: causes GI stasis, progression to necrotizing enteritis (pig-bel)

Complete hemolysis- caused by θ-toxin

Type A causes most infections in USA

Type C causes pig-bel (Beta toxin)

Type B-E live in GI tract

Nagler rxn ( on egg yolk agar, coagulates milk, rapidly grows

Front 67

Clostridium septicum

Back 67

not associated with trauma, colon cancer associated

Front 68

Clostridium tetani

Back 68

Tetanus

round terminal spores that look like a drumstick

film on agar surface

dry foot punctures- tetanus

wet foot punctures-psudonomonas

in soil, feces

toxins:

1-heat-labile neurotoxin(tetanospasmin)-

retrograde axonal transport

(B part binds neurons, A part enters cytoplasm causing tetanus by preventing inhibitory transmitter(GABA/Glycine release)

"Lockjaw" Trismus then to trunk and limbs

generalized tetanus follows trauma- most common in USA

decending muscle rigidity, back spasm(opisthitonos)

Treat:

1- neutrilize toxin with tetanus immune globulin(TIG)-GIVE FIRST-if give AB first can lyse bacteria releasing more toxin....

2- immunize with tetanus toxoid(Td booster)

3-debride and give AntiBs

DTaP- tetanus booster every 10yrs

Front 69

Clostridium botulinum

Back 69

Botulism

gram + rods anerobic

found in honey/home canning

heat-labile neurotoxin-heat kills it

inhibits ACh release, F-A-B-E toxins cause disease

NO FEVER

"flappy baby syndrome" decending symmetric paralysis-death bc resp musc paralysis

can be inhaled!

toxin has A/B part (b=bind, A=blocks ACh release)

CONSTIPATION

Treat: anti-toxin, NO ANTIBs until toxin cleared

Front 70

Clostridium difficile

Back 70

Pseudomembranous colitis- GI tract covered with plaque (grey,yellow)

Toxin A: enterotoxin- LOTS watery diarrhea, mucoid green, foul-smelling

Toxin B: cytotoxin-kils actin

toxin in stool means disease!! not just organism

after clindamycin tx

nosocomial infection and via toilet seats

Front 71

clostridium perfringens- gas gangrene

Back 71

hypotension, tachy, intense pain, black looking, painful blisters with gas, shiny bronze,

Front 72

c. perfringens-food poisoning

Back 72

injection of meat with this--CRAMPS AND WATERY DIARRHEA, no f/v

nursing home residents

Front 73

c. perfringens-necrotizing enteritis (pig-bel)

Back 73

rare necrotizing in jejunum, bloody diarrhea

papua new guinea-TYPE C, by eating pork with sweet potatos

Front 74

acending flaccid paralysis with no sensory loss

Back 74

polio

Front 75

associated with gullian barre

Back 75

campylobacer jejuni

Front 76

Anerobic Bacteria

Back 76

Front 77

Animal bite/scratch Zoonoses

Back 77

Pasteurella multocida

Bartonella henselae

Capnocytophaga canimorsus=dogs

Streptobacillus moniliformis=rats

Front 78

Contact w/ infected animal Zoonoses

Back 78

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Brucella spp.

Francisella tularensis==Bioterrorism agents

Front 79

Vector-borne Zoonoses

Back 79

Yersinia pestis

Front 80

Pasteurella multocida

Back 80

Gram-negative coccobacillus, oxidase-positive, bi-polar staining

Cat bites,dog bites

burning sensation that turns to cellulitis, warmth pain

blood/chocolate agar

Front 81

Bartonella henselae

Back 81

"Cat-scratch" disease

small G-bacilli Aerobic, fastidious

chronic swollen LNs, self-limiting (2-5 months)

can be altered mental status, confusion, pneumonia

diagnose via warthin starry silver stain of LN

Front 82

Bacillary Angiomatosis

Back 82

B. henselae and B. quintana

in immune compromised patients

PURPLE nodules/papules

Front 83

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Back 83

gram negative rod

dog (or cat) bite septicemia

cellulitis, gangrene, shock

Front 84

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Back 84

long thin G- rod"string of beads"

in rats/rodents

rat bite fever- carditis, pneumonia, maculopapular rash

Haverhill fever- v, pharyngitis from contaminited food/water

blood agar--small round colonies, slow grow

Front 85

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Back 85

G+ microaerophilic rods, Cat neg, alpha hemolytic, H2S+

"painful purple pustules from pigs"

purple skin lesion on fingers/hands after contact and is burning or throbbing

Front 86

Brucella spp.

Back 86

brucellosi- undulant fever

has cat,oxidase,urease, G- coccobacilli

B. melitensis-Most pathogenic--Goats and sheep

B. suis-pigs

B. abortus- cows

contact with infected animal(aborted animal fetus), contaminated food/milk, INHALATION(bioweapon), needle stick, eye-splash

causes profuse sweating, flu, depression

Front 87

Francisella tularensis

Back 87

tularemia-"rabbit fever"-contact w rabbit blood

TICKS GIVE IT TO RABITS

Aerobic G- rod, facultative intracellular

Ulceroglandular tularemia: ulcer at infectionsite and swollen LN, entry through skin, could be by ticks if on legs,head

Pulmonic tularemia: inhalation, dry cough,CP

Oropharyngeal tularemia: ingestion-bloody poos

grows on BCYE!!!

Front 88

Yersinia pestis

Back 88

plague

oxidase neg, G- rod

in southwest USA

in praire dogs,squirrels and spread via FLEAS into host

urban plaque-rat fleas

Fraction 1 gene (F1) virulence factor- antiphagocytic protein capsule

Yop genes: T3 secretion system, kills WBCs

Bubonic plague- bacteria in LN, buboes form

Plasminogen activator (Pla) protease geneDegrades complement components C3b and C5a

septicemic plague- "black death" subQ hemmorhage

Pneumonic plague- RESPIRATORY DROPLET SPREAD, hemorrhagic pneumonia, DIE IN 2 DAYS, drown in own blood...

bipolar staining in LN tissue

Front 89

Parasites

Back 89

no cell wall

Front 90

fungi

Back 90

nucleus, cell wall of chitin

cell membrane contains ergosterol

cause infections in IC pts, cause allergies

fungal diseases = mycoses

produce fermentation products, sterols, antiBs

some fungi dimorphic

yeast in the beast(37C)

mold in the cold(25C)

grow on sabouraud dextrose agar

Front 91

yeast

Back 91

unicellular, budding.fission reproduction
round mucoid colonies on agar

Crytococcus neoformes

Front 92

mold

Back 92

multicellular, filaments hyphae

septate has seperations, hairy colonies on agar

Aspergillus

Front 93

Coccidioides immitis

Back 93

mold phase in soil, yeast phase in lungs

Front 94

Malassezia furfur

Back 94

superficial mycoses

yeast found in tropical areas on the beach, likes oil

causes pityriasis versicolor- makes patches on skin where sebacous glands are, hyperpigmentation and hypopigments skin

spagetti and meatballs

Front 95

Cutaneous Mycoses: Dermatophytes

Back 95

Trichophyton

Microsporum-UV light

Epidermophyton

Front 96

Tinea corporis

Back 96

ringworm

Front 97

Tinea capitis

Back 97

on scalp, UV light, scaling of skin

Front 98

Parasites

Back 98

eukaryotic, cause of diseases in immigrants, travelers, IC patients

malaria===most deaths

Front 99

Protozoa

Back 99

something----phora

can go to cyst form to survive in bad conditions

antigenic variation to avoid immune system

reproduce via binary fission

Front 100

Metazoa

Back 100

helminths: worms, have tough external cuticle

MBP(Major basic protein) in eosinophils kills worms but cuticule can protect worm

Front 101

Enterobius vermicularis

Back 101

pinworm, fecal-oral

nocturnal Perianal irritation, itching

Eggs can live for month

Front 102

Trichuris trichiura

Back 102

Causes whipworm, barrel shaped egg

Bloody diarrhea, anemia

Front 103

Flukes

Back 103

Trematodes

flat, leaf-shaped worms, clams/snails as hosts

operculated eggs

Front 104

Paragonimus westermani

Back 104

Lung fluk3

can look like TB on CXR, asia, africa,

RAW CRAB/CRAWFISH

bloody speutum eggs

trematodes

Front 105

Metazoa: Cestodes

Back 105

Tapeworms, flat ribbons, with scolex, hemaphraditic

Front 106

Taenia solium

====================================

Taenia saginata

Back 106

pork tapeworm, from pork, causes cycticerosis-calcification of organs

travels to brain and causes seziures

cestodes

=====================================

beef tapeworm, No neuro-complications

Front 107

D. latum:

Back 107

fish tapeworm

From ingestion of undercooked fish

cestodes

Front 108

prions

Back 108

mutant host proteins

cause Slow neurodegenerative diseases with long incubation (<30 yrs)

aquire them via genetic mutation

Front 109

Slow virus transmission

Back 109

Front 110

Prion Protein

Back 110

scrapie-like prion protein (PrPSc) defective protein

Resistant to formaldehyde, UV, 80°C

Humans (and animals) encode a cellular prion protein (PrPC), Gene located on chromosome 20

PrPSc found intracellularly, PrPC on cell surface

Front 111

Prion theory

Back 111

Stanley Prusiner in 1982

PrPSc binds to normal PrPC on cell surface, causing it to refold and acquire the structure of PrPSc

PrPSc released from cell; aggregates as amyloid-like plaques in the brain causing disease

Front 112

Scrapie

Back 112

Pruritis causes animal to scrape themselves against trees (hence scrapie) fatal ataxia(cant control movements anymore)

Brains show spongiform degeneration and contain a filterable transmissible agent

Front 113

Kuru

Back 113

canabilism, when eating brain, fatal 1 year after symptom onset

Front 114

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

Back 114

Transmitted by exposure to infected brain material

dura mater graft, injection of HGH/gonadotropin, contaminated medical devices

>50YOA

CJD also inheritable= Autosomal dominant mutations in PRNP gene

Rapid progression to death (3-6 mos)

Dementia/hallucinations
MyoclonusCerebellar ataxia
Blindness

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS)Rare subset of inherited form of CJD, earlier onset

Front 115

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)

Back 115

Inability to sleep, myoclonus, ataxia, dementia

Results from genetic mutationsWide age range of onset (20-70 yrs old)

Front 116

Genetic Mutations of CJD and FFI

Back 116

A result of 2 combined mutations in PRNP geneMust have aspartic acid to asparagine mutation at codon 178

Second mutation at codon 129 determines disease:
If valine then familial (inherited) CJD
If methionine then FFI

Front 117

Differences between CJD and vCJD

Back 117

Traditional CJDAge of onset: >50 yrs

Time between disease onset and death: 3-6 mos

New variant CJDAge of onset: 19-24 yrs

Time between disease onset and death: 6-24 mos

Front 118

Diagnosis of prion diseases??

Back 118

Confirmation by detecting proteinase K-resistant PrPSc in a Western blot

see plaques or spongiform vacuoles in brain

Front 119

Candia albicans

Back 119

normal flora, causes thrush when AntiB kills bacteria

Front 120

EF-2 inhibitors

Back 120

Diptheria (gray-membrane in throat), pseudomonas argunosia

Front 121

Adenecyclate binding causing issues

Back 121

Cholera, antharax(Edema factor), ETEC, Pretussis

Front 122

ASO titer

Back 122

rheumatic fever

Front 123

burn patients

Back 123

MRSA, Pseudomonas argunosia

Front 124

flutoquinolones

Back 124

attacks DNA gyrase

Front 125

rusty sputum

Back 125

strep pneumonia

Front 126

most common cause of UTI

Back 126

e. coli

recurrent UTI

Front 127

constipation

Back 127

tyit butt

Salmonella typhi and closteridium botulinum

Front 128

ergosterol

Back 128

target of AntiFungal agents

Front 129

Protozoa-Ameoba

Back 129

Entamoeba-Bloody diarrhea

Front 130

Trophozoite

Back 130

vegatitive form of protozoa

Front 131

Protozoa-Flagellates-Trichomonas vaginalis

Back 131

pussy discharge, itching, redness

Front 132

Protozoa-flagellates-Giardia lamblia

Back 132

fecal-oral, contaminated water---malabsorption syndrome

Front 133

Cryptosporidium (“Crypto”)

Back 133

fungus
Watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting

Transmitted in water

Front 134

Blood Protozoa: Plasmodia

Back 134

malaria, f,c,HA, n,v

coma

Front 135

Nematodes

Back 135

metazoa

roundworms

Front 136

RNA Viruses

Back 136

Front 137

DNA viruses

Back 137

Front 138

DS RNA virus??

Back 138

Rotovirus(Reo), NAKED BABY POOING

Front 139

DNA Naked?

Back 139

PAP

Parvo-B19 (ss)

Adeno

Papova(HPV)

Front 140

DNA enveloped?

Back 140

HHP

Herpes(nuclear membrane)

HepB (jaundice)

Pox(complex shape to capsid)

Front 141

RNA + Naked?

Back 141

PNC

Picorna Polio, rhino

Norwalk #1 diarrhea

Calci

Front 142

RNA + Enveloped?

Back 142

FTC R

Flavi-Dengue

Toga-reubella

Corona-SARS

Retro-HIV GP120

Front 143

RNA - Enveloped?

Back 143

OP BARF

Orthomyxo- flu, 8 segs

Paramyxo- measles, mumps

Bunya, hunta virus, 3 segs

Arena-hemorrhagic fever, 2 segs

Rhabdo-rabies

Filo-ebola

Front 144

RNA +

Back 144

is just mRNA

Front 145

Helical

Back 145

enveloped -RNA and corona

Front 146

Icosahedral

Back 146

all +RNA, all DNA viruses and Reo(ds-RNA)

Front 147

complex

Back 147

Pox

Front 148

Viron polymerase?

Back 148

all -RNA and rota, Pox and HepDNA

Front 149

segmented viruses?

Back 149

Reo, Orthomyxo, Bunya, Arena

BOAR

Front 150

Orthomyxoviridae VAP (Viral attachment protein)?

Back 150

Influenza A virus- HA gp

Front 151

Epstein-Barr Virus receptor target?

Back 151

CD21, B cell

Front 152

HIV receptor target?

Back 152

Helper T cell CD4

Front 153

Endocytosis

Back 153

viropexis....bind receptors and gets endocytosed

Front 154

syncitia forming viruses

Back 154

Paramyxo, herpes, retro

Front 155

Owl's eye occulusions

Back 155

CMV(herps) and adenovirus

Front 156

Negri body

Back 156

perkinje cell--Rhabdovirus(Rabies)

Front 157

Guarneri bodies

Back 157

Smallpox

Front 158

Cowdry A

Back 158

HSV, intranuclear

Front 159

HTLV-1

Back 159

TAX protein causes proliferation of T cells = leukemia, activates IL-2

Front 160

CPE detection?

Back 160

hemaggulutination seen

Add virus and your antibodies and place on cell culture===if no CPE then you have immunity

Front 161

RT-PCR

Back 161

RNA

Front 162

PCR

Back 162

DNA

Front 163

Parvovirus

Back 163

B19, smallest ssDNA virus

"slap cheek fever"

targets RBC precursors

respiratory, crosses placenta

sickle cell anemia pts can have aplastic crisis

severe and sudden enemia

severe arthritis in adults(woman)

IgM specific ELISA, no treatment

Front 164

Rash in children

Back 164

1.VZV
2.Measels-rubeola
3.Rubella-german measels-Togavirus
4.HHV-6-roseola
5. b19- parvo

Front 165

Papovaviruses

Back 165

HPV, STD, infectious warts(1-4) on genitals via skin breaks "cauliflower lesions"

Cancer causing==HPV-18, HPV-16

E6 binds to p53

E7 binds to Rb

Condylomata acuminata (genital warts 6,11)

koilocytic cells on pap smear

Vaccine(Gardasil has serotype6-11-16-18)

Front 166

BK and JC viruses in papovavirus

Back 166

ICP

BK-"bad kidney"-glomeurulonephritis, transplant pt

JC-"junk cerebellum" degenerative brain, transplant pts

Front 167

Adenoviridae

Back 167

Fecal-oral, toilet seat, penton fibers

GI-serotype 40,41

Pharyngitis with PINK EYE

Acute respiratory tract disease(f,c, cervical inflam) military recruits

conjuctivitis from swimming pool

5-15= pee blood

Non-attenuated vaccine (only one) IgA titer

Front 168

Poxvirus

Back 168

Largest virus, replicated in cytoplasm

orthopox- smallpox(variola major)

molluscipox (molluscum contagiosum, orf and monkeypox

Front 169

Orthopox

Back 169

small pox, inhalation, close contact, eradicated

Variola major(virus)- resp tract replication-->LN-->viremia

"umbilicated lesion all same size"

pox usually on face and legs

Front 170

Orf

===========================

Monkeypox

Back 170

sheep, SINGLE nodular lesion

===================================

From infected prairie dogs----Symptoms similar to smallpox but milder and with swollen lymph nodes

Pox

Front 171

Molluscum Contagiosum

Back 171

Pox

STD wrestling, wart-like lesions, cytoplasmic inclusions seen in epithelial cells

Front 172

HepaDNAviridae

Back 172

HepB, chronic(B and Delta agent needed) can cause cirrosis

reverse transcriptase, RNA intermediate, partially DS

in liver, found in secretions, STD, needles

"dark urine, pale stools, jaundice"

immune complex T3 HS

Vaccine protein component=HBsAg

hepatocellular carninoma

Front 173

Herpesviridae overview

Back 173

Virus assembled in nucleus(nuclear envelope)

forms syncitia

HSV-1==Cold sores/STD

HSV-2==STD

VZV==chickenpox

EBV==Monocucleosis

HCMV

HHV-6 and HHV-8==Roseola

Front 174

Syncitia

Back 174

Herpes, retro, paramyxo

Front 175

dormant ganglia

Back 175

HSV-1(trigeminal ganglia)

HSV-2(Sacral)

VZV(dorsal root)

Front 176

dormant in lymphocyte

Back 176

EBV, CMV, HHV-6,7,8

Front 177

HSV-1

Back 177

"above the belt" --Trigemingal

direct contact, fever blisters

cold sores--gingivostomatitis,

ocular herps(blindness)-autoinnoculation

encephalitis(#1 cause on reactivation(adults), unilateral, orbital/temporal/frontal lobe)-infants

gladiatorum-contact sports-back of neck

pre-pain before eruption of sore...

herpatic whitlow too

HSV DNA in CSF

can't clear virus, supresses it

Front 178

HSV-2

Back 178

Sacral ganglia

"below the belt"-sexual abuse

neonatal period-- encephalitis meniti

cervix sheds virus

perfuse watery discharge from lesion

herpetic whitlow-dentist fingers, intense pain on ulcer

"dew drops on rose petal"

photophobia, dysuria

Front 179

VZV

Back 179

RESPIRATORY

chicken pox

shingles(zoster-adults reactivation, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN))

dorsal root ganglia

different sized lesions on trunk

Reye's syndrome: profuse projective v, enceph

Single dermatome

passive-VZIG

also live attenuated virus

Front 180

Live vaccines

Back 180

MMR, VZV

Front 181

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-mononnucleosis

Back 181

CD21 B cell, lytic inf of oropharynx

latent in B/T cells

Splenomegaly

"kissing disease-salivia", young adults, bilateral cervical LN sticking out, f peak in afternoon/evening, profound fatigue, 100% rash if given ampicillin, B and T cells start attacking each other

Downey cells in blood(large cell off center nucleus), high WBC

IgM

heterophile antibody positive(Lots of random antibodies are produced from B cells)

Front 182

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-Burkitt's lymphoma(BL)

Back 182

Africa, malaria, JAW TUMORS

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-blood in saliva or a bloody discharge, hearing loss, males 20-50

Front 183

EBV Lymphoproliferative Disease

Back 183

T cell immunodeficiency-t cells can't control B cell growth, transplant patients

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Front 184

EBV treatment

Back 184

NO ampicillin bc 100% rash

Front 185

Cytomegalovirus(CMV)

Back 185

CMV IS MOST COMMON CONGENITIAL INFECTION IN USA

kids and pregnant women, transplant patients

major cause of deafness/retardation

heterophile negative mononucleosis

infancy and intamacy

in secretions

"seronegative pregnant woman at a daycare"

"blueberry muffin baby"-congenital CMV

Congenital CMV infection is the most common viral cause of birth defects

pneumonia, Chorioretinitis(AIDS)

"OWLS EYE"

suspect CMV:

babby w/ microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly

mononucleosis-like syndrome that is heterophil antibody negative

Front 186

HHV-6

Back 186

respiratory drops, high f followed by rash, T/B cells, ROSEOLA, young kids

Front 187

HHV-8

Back 187

Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 188

Calciviruses

Back 188

Norwalk(norovirus)-"cruise ship GI"- watery diarrhea--hits brush border, F-O spread

Front 189

Flaviviridae overview

Back 189

Arboviruses-mosquito vector spits virus into blood

Yellow fever-hemm

West Nile-encephalitis

St. Louis -encephalitis

Japanese-encephalitis

Dengue-hemm

Front 190

St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

Back 190

arboviral encephalitis, >40 YOA, permanent neurologic impairment

Front 191

West Nile Virus

Back 191

1999 in USA

high fever, neck stiffness, coma, tremors

rash on trunk and swollen LNs

Front 192

Dengue

Back 192

"break bone fever"-severe/intense muscle/bone pain-reinfection gives more severe symptoms

Caibbean, Africa, middle east

Aedes mosquito in USA

hemorrhagic fever, bleeding from nose, GI, urine-low platelets

Front 193

Yellow fever

Back 193

Severe systemic disease with degeneration of the liver, kidney, heart and hemorrhag

jaundice, black vomit, travel to caribbean, SA, aftica

Front 194

Hepatitis C Virus

Back 194

80% become chronic

1’HPC- hepatocellular carcinoma

STD and perinatal

Front 195

Togavirus

Back 195

German measles -Rubella (3 day measles)

teratogenic

lots of lymphadenopathy, decending rash from forehead, Cataracts happen in infants!!

Front 196

Coronaviridae

Back 196

SARS

f of >101, CXR with pneumonia, travel to china or toronto

Front 197

Picornaviridae

Back 197

polio, HepA, rhinovirus, coxsakie,

RHAP your cox

F-O spread

replicate at 37C, can survive in bile,acid

IPV—inactivated—killed---salkUsed in USAAOPV—oral---live------Sabin

Front 198

Poliovirus

Back 198

Flaccid paralysis with no sensory loss

Front 199

coxsackieviruses

Back 199

F-O transmit

Herpangin-coxsackie , ulcerated lesions on uvula and soft palate

Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease= coxsackie A16, vesicular lesions on hand, feet, mouth and tongue

Pleurodyna (devils grip- coxsackie B, rib pain unila

cox B- sudden heart fail

Front 200

coxsackieviruses- Viral Aseptic Meningitis-nonbacterial

Back 200

echo or coxsackie, FUO

glucose levels low in bacterial meningitis, normal for viral meningitis

Front 201

Picorniae

Back 201

most common cause of viral meningitis

Front 202

Hepatitis A virus

Back 202

undercooked shellfish from sewage infested water

“Infectious Hepatitis”

Front 203

Rhinoviruses

Back 203

labile in acid and replicates at a lower temperature (33° C) which probably limits its predilection for the nasal mucosa

NO FEVER

ICAM receptor

common cold

Front 204

antigenic shift can only happen in what viruses?

Back 204

BOAR
Bunya, ortho, adeno, reo, segmented viruses

Front 205

Rhabdoviruses

Back 205

Bullet shape

rabies-brain-agressive behavior

weird animal encounter

Negri bodies

RETROGRADE AXOPLASMIC transport to dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord

hydrophobia

1 dose of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)==PASSIVE

5 doses of rabies killed vaccine===ACTIVEkilled virus

Front 206

Filoviridae

Back 206

Filamentous

Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic

Front 207

Bunyaviridae

Back 207

segmented

Hantavirus (Sin Nombre)-RODENTS

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) involves the lung-Arsolized mouse droppings

starts w f,non-productive c, myalgia then goes to heart/lungspain in legs?

Front 208

Bunyavirus

Back 208

infected mosquitoes

Front 209

Rotavirus

Back 209

Common cause of infantile WATERY diarrhea worldwide

F-O spread

live vaccine

Front 210

Orthomyxoviridae

Back 210

abrupt onset of f, retroorbital pain, non-p c

no viremia--only in respiratory

Influenzavirus A,B,C---acute resp---elderly

spanish flu, f

Type A-can affect human/animals ANTIGENIC SHIFT

B/C only people

Hemagglutinin (HA)-ATTACHMENT PROTEIN

Neuraminidase (NA)-releases virus from infected cells so they can affect new cells

The new anti-flu drugs are NA inhibitors that block the function of N

Viruses are classified based on their HA and NA phenotype(H1N1)

Front 211

Antigenic shift is?

Back 211

PANDEMIC(WORSE)

One subtype is found exclusively for several decades until it is suddenly replaced by a different subtype

Influenza A, needs HA and NA

Reassortment of viral RNA segments occurs when cells in the lab are co-infected with 2 different subtypes of influenza

Front 212

Antigenic drift

Back 212

EPIDEMIC

Type A and type B

small gradual changes in the amino acid sequence of HA at 4 sites reconized by antibodies

ANY RNA VIRUS CAN DRIFT

Front 213

Paramyxoviridae overview

Back 213

syncytia

Morbillivirus:Measles

Paramyxovirus:Parainfluenza,

MumpsPneumovirus:Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV)

Front 214

Morbillivirus

Back 214

Measles, resp droplets b4 and after symptoms, replicates in resp tract

starts w high f--then koplick spots in mouth then rash starts below ears to rest of body

3 C’s:cough, conjunctivitis and coryza, Photophobia

pneumonia causes death

Front 215

Paramyxovirus:Parainfluenzae

Back 215

resp droplets

severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young childre, CROUP, seal cough

Front 216

Paramyxovirus:Mumps

Back 216

Acute, benign, BILATERAL parotitis (painful swelling of the salivary glands)

viremia to testes, ovary, pancreas, thyroid and CNS---sterility

Oral exam reveals redness and swelling of ostium of Stenson’s duct

synticia

Front 217

Pneumovirus:Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)

Back 217

Most frequent cause of fatal respiratory tract infections in infants and young children

rhinorrhea

Syncytia

Localized to the upper respiratory tract

"mucus plugs"

Monoclonal Ab against F protein

Front 218

CSF

Back 218

viral meningitis--glucose is normal

bacterial meningitis--glucose is decreased

Front 219

Paramyxoviruses

Back 219

RSV, parainfluenza, measles and mumps

PRMM

Front 220

paralysis

Back 220

c. botulinum, polio,prions

Front 221

Bloody Diarrhea`

Back 221

Francisella tularensis

Trichuris trichiura

Entamoeba

c. perfringens

shigella

Campylobacter jejuni

EIEC

Front 222

Tetrogenic

Back 222

TORCHeSV

TOxoplasma gondii, Rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV, Syphillis,VZV