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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of the cardiovascular system
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heart, blood vessels, and blood. *** circulate blood ** deliver O2 *** offload CO2 *** Remove substances |
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Blood components
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Plasma, in which the blood cells are suspended, ****** Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. ****** White blood cells (leukocytes) - help fight infections and aid in the immune process. |
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Functions of the lymphatic system
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Immunity: ** colorless liquid ** Lymph follows thru lymphatic vessels ** Lymph node: B cells, T cells, phagocytes |
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Lymph components
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derived from the interstitial fluid, ***** its composition continually changes as the blood and the surrounding cells continually exchange substances with the interstitial fluid. ******* Lymph returns proteins and excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream. |
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Lymph nodes and function
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lymph node is an oval-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach *********** major sites of B and T cells. *********** Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells. *********** Lymph nodes do not deal with toxicity, which is primarily dealt with by the liver and kidneys. |
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Bacterial infections
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Infections of the bloodSepticemia (sepsis), lymphangitis, severe sepsis, septic shock ****Infections of the heart Subacute bacterial endocarditis (α-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, and staphylococci) Actue bacterial endocarditis (Staphylococcus aureus) Rheumatic fever (Streptococcus pyogenes) *** Cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) Plague (Yersinia pestis) Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii) |
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Infections of the blood
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Septicemia (sepsis),
lymphangitis, severe sepsis, septic shock |
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Infections of the heart
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Subacute bacterial endocarditis (α-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, and staphylococci)
** Actue bacterial endocarditis (Staphylococcus aureus) ** Rheumatic fever (Streptococcus pyogenes) ** |
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Cat scratch disease
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Bartonella henselae
** organism: Bartonella henslae ** = 50% of cats ** transmission: bites / scratch / flea bite ** symptoms: flu-like / self limiting |
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Plague
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organism: Yersinia pestis from bacillus
** transmission: bite of infected rat flea: rat poop ** pathogenesis: bacteria-----bloodstream---reproduces in phagocytes----lymphnodes -----lymph nodes swell----- fever----2 types of plague 1. Bubonic Plague 2. Pneumonic Plague |
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Lyme Disease
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Described in 1975
Organism: Borrelia burgdorferi vector: Tick sign: bulls eye rash (70% of people) symptoms: flu like : high fever If untreated: irregular heartbeat, facial paralysis (encephylitis, arthritis) must be treated very early, within weeks to insure no long term effects |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Organism: Rickettsia rickettsii
more common than Lyme in carolinas Vector: Tick symptoms: rash, (not at site / bottom of feet / hands: 1 week post tick bite) flu-like *** if untreated : kidney & heart damage |
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Viral Diseases
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A. Infectious mononucleosis
*** particle: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); = Human Herpesvirus 4 B. Cytomeagalovirus (CMV) Human Herpesvirus 5 |
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Infectious mononucleosis
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); = Human Herpesvirus 4
20 % of adults carry EBV in oral secretions age group: 15 to 25 peak incidence 15% of college students get mono Infected B cells have a lobed nucleus transmission: saliva transfer symptoms: fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue EBV remains dormant in the body in the mouth and throat (dormant in B cells) |
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Cytomeagalovirus (CMV) |
Human Herpesvirus 5 particle: Cytomegalovirus (underline) transmission: shed in body secretions: saliva, milk, semen Spread by: sex, transfusions, nursing baby -- 80% carry CMV in U.S. -- symptoms: asymtomatic / or mild case of mono |
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Protozoan Diseases
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1. American Trypanosomiasis (Chaga’s Disease)
organism: Trypanosoma cruzi -- endemic to central and S. America & Mexico vector: kissing bug: feeds on body fluids around the mouth:::: bug defecates on peoples skin and the people scratch another course: Blood transfusion Pathogens: T. cruzi cysts are deposited into feces------cysts are rubbed into skin at bite site Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle 2. Malaria Plasmodium falciparum : life cycle transmission: bite of Anopheles mosquito the vector. symptoms: chills , fever, vomit, severe headache: 2 to 3 days asymptomatic few weeks:::: then symptoms come back death threat: dehydration pathogenesis: Mosquito injects Plasmodium sporozoites (tiny infectious cells) these sporozoites spread to liver------and produce merozoites------and merozoites parasitize RBC ***** Mosquito feeds on blood and collects merozoites----------- mosquito develops into sporozoites-----pass on the disease (cyclic) |
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Helminthic Diseases
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Hint: All these S's look like worms::::
**** Schistosomiasis Schistosoma life cycle * world wide 250 million * Schistosoma (fluke) * Phylum: platyhelminths * class: Trematoda * pathogenesis: Adult Flukes in human intestine------Female fluke produce eggs---------eggs passed in host feces & urine---------egg enters water supply------eggs hatch/miracidium....... emerges-------burrows into body of intermediate host-------reproduces (snail) and forms cercariae------cercariae emerges and penetrates to human skin----moves into human intestine matures into adult fluke |
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Malaria
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M-A-M (Malaria-Anopheles-Mosquito) 2. Malaria Plasmodium falciparum : life cycletransmission: bite of Anopheles mosquito the vector.symptoms: chills , fever, vomit, severe headache: 2 to 3 days asymptomatic few weeks:::: then symptoms come back *** death threat: dehydration ** pathogenesis: Mosquito injects Plasmodium sporozoites (tiny infectious cells)these sporozoites spread to liver------and produce merozoites------and merozoites parasitize RBC*****Mosquito feeds on blood and collects merozoites----------- mosquito develops into sporozoites-----pass on the disease (cyclic) |
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Chapter 23: Microbial Infections of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
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Bacterial infections
** viral diseases ** Protozoan Diseases ** Helminthic Diseases |
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Chapter 25: Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System
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Second most common diseases in the U.S. * Bacterial Diseases** Viral Diseases ** Protozoan Diseases ** Helminthic Diseases
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Structure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
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Introduction: GI tract: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
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function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
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macromolecules-------monomers------digested for energy |
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Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System |
Dental caries (Streptoccus mutans)
* Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis (Staphylococcus aureus) * Shigellosis (Shigella spp.) * Salmonellosis (Salmonella enterica) * Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi) * Cholera (Vibrio cholera) * Noncholera Vibrios (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus) * Gastroenteritis: (many) |
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dental carries |
streptococcus mutans |
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staphylococcal enterotoxicosis |
staphylococcus aureus |
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shigellosis |
shigella spp. |
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salmonellosis |
Salmonella enterica |
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Typhoid Fever |
Salmonella typhi (means rod) |
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Cholera |
Vibrio cholera |
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Noncholera Vibrios |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus |
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Gastroenteritis |
1Escherichia coli (2 subunits) 2 Campylobacter jejuni 3 Clostridium perfringens 4 Bacillis cereus 5 Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea ** Hint: B Cerious, I got E.coli at Camp Jejuni, closed poor fingers, Prayed to C-Differently |
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Escherichia coli |
1. Traveler's Diarrhea a. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) b. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) 2. Shiga Toxin producing E. coli (STEC) a. = Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Hemorrhagic colitis and Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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Viral Diseases |
1. Mumps virus (Paramyxoviridae)
2. Hepatitis (A through E) 3. Viral Gastroenteritis a. Rotavirus b. Norovirus |
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Protozoan Diseases
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Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia)
*** Amoebic Dysentery – Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) |
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Helminthic Diseases
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Tapeworms
** Nematodes ** Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides) ** Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis) |
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Tapeworms |
(Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Diphyllobothrium latum) ** Taeniasis, Cysticercosis ** Hydatid Disease (Echinococcus granulosus) |
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Nematodes |
Pinworms (Enterobius vericularis) ** Hookworms (Necator americanus) |
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chapters 23 and 25 |
know::: microbial species: symptoms::: pathogenesis::: transmission::: treatment:::: if given during lecture |
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Dental caries
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Streptococcus mutans * sucrose = glucose + fructose * S. mutans produce glycossyl transferees which covately connects glucose. * Sucrose used by S. mutans is converted by dextran sucrose into fructose & fructose fermented by S. mutans creating lactic acid which disolves _____ converted into dextran by use of glycosol transfuse * dextran is a polysaccharide of glucose polymer.......................................monomer |
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prevention of dental caries |
reduce sucrose intake * remove plaque * clean teeth regularly |
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Staphylococcal Food Poisoning |
AKA: Staphylococcal enterotoxicosis * organism: Staphylococcus aureus * caused by ingesting of enterotoxins produced in improperly prepared of handled food * Pathogenesis: * S.aureus is inoculated when the food is prepared---------sits around and growth occurs at room temperature---------& produces enterotoxins--------food is consumed------1 - 6 hours later nausea, vomitting & diarrhea------lasts for 24 hours * common contaminated foods: rice, mashed potatoes, foods high in [solute] (very salty or very sweet) like cream pie or baked ham |
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Shigellosis |
AKA: bacillary dysentery * organism: Shigella dysenteriae * Enteric Gram negative bacillus * symptoms: dysentery, cramping, fever |
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Salmonellosis |
AKA: salmonella gastroenteritis * Organism: Salmonella enterica * enteric: gram negative bacillus * transmission : animal to human |
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Normal Flora |
abundant in the mouth and colon * up to 40% of fecal mass can be microbial cells |
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Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System Ch 25
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Bacterial Diseases
* |
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Microbial Infections of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic system Ch 23
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bacterial infections
* |
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bacterial infections of the blood: cardiovascular & lymph systems
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septicemia (sepsis)
* |
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Bacterial infections of the heart:cardiovascular & lymph systems
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***Subacute bacterial endocarditis(a–helolytic streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci) slow inflammation of the covering of the heart and heart valves. pathogenesis: 1. microbes entering the blood from another site of infection----lodge in preexisting lesion------bacteria reproduce inside blood clots------ pieces of the clot break off and block flow |
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cat scratch disease803-368-8150
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Bartonella henselae
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cPlague
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Yersinia pestis
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Lyme Disease
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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All Bacterial Infections of cardio & lymph
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BLOOD:septicemia (sepsis)
lymphangitis, severe sepsis, septic shock HEART: 1.Subacute bacterial endocarditis a. a–hemolytic streptococci b. enterococci c. staphylococci 2. Acute bacterial endocarditis (Staph aureus) 3. Rheumatic Fever (Strep. pyogenes) OTHER: Cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) cdio Plague (Yersinia pestis) Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii) |
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Viral Diseases of Cardiovascular & lymphatic
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1. Infectious mononucleosisa. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
b. Human Herpesvirus 4 2. Cytomeagalovirus (CMV) a. Human Herpesvirus 5 |
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Protozoan diseases of the cardio & lymph sys.
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1 American Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's Disease)a. Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle
2 Malaria a. Plasmodium life cycle b. Anopheles mosquito |
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Helminthic Diseases of the cardio & lymph sys.
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SchistosomiasisSchistosoma life cycle
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Infectious Mono |
the disease caused by EBV - usually self limiting - seldom fatal |
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Salmonella |
symptoms: nausea / vomit / diarrhea motality rate : 1 % prevention: proper handling and cooking of meat |
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sepsis
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septicemia * infection of the blood * foreign particles in blood -------- lymphangitis * lymphangitis: inflamed lymphatic vessels * symptoms: fever, chills, increased HR, lymphangitis: |
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severe sepsis
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decreased BP, failure of one organ
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septic shock
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decreased BP, cannot be controlled, multiple organ failure
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Sepsis organisms
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Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes |
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acute bacterial endocarditis |
Rapid inflammation * organism: Staphylococcus aureus * clotting ----thin----tissue damage / heart valves rapidly destroyed |
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Rheumatic fever |
-- acute inflammatory disease of the joints, skin, heart (( usually in children **fever, sore throat, ** organism: Streptococcus pyogenes (B-hemolytic Stretococcal Group A Strep.) ** often follows a steptococcal throat infection like strep throat ** disease begins with arthritis and fever ** inflammation of heart valves ** leading cause of heart disease in developing countries / mostly children |
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Bubonic plague |
inflammed lymph node * 50% to 75% mortality * death within one week |
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Pneumonic plague |
near 100% mortality * death within 3 days |
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Protozoan Diseases |
American Trypanosomiasis (Chaga’s Disease) Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle*****Malaria Plasmodium life cycle Anopheles mosquito
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Helminthic diseases |
Schistosomiasis Schistosoma life cycle*world wide 250 million*Schistosoma (fluke)*Phylum: platyhelminths*class: Trematoda*pathogenesis: Adult Flukes in human intestine------Female fluke produce eggs---------eggs passed in host feces & urine---------egg enters water supply------eggs hatch/micro....... emerges-------???????
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Malaria |
Plasmodium life cycle
*** Anopheles mosquito *** M-A-M |
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Bacterial Diseases of the digestive system |
Dental caries (Streptoccus mutans)* Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis (Staphylococcus aureus)*Shigellosis (Shigella spp.)*Salmonellosis (Salmonella enterica)*Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi)*Cholera (Vibrio cholera)*Noncholera Vibrios (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus)*Gastroenteritis: (many)
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Bacterial infections of the heart:cardiovascular & lymph systems
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***Subacute bacterial endocarditis(a–helolytic streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci)***Acute bacterial endocarditis (Staph. aureus)***Rheumatic fever(Strep. pyogenes)
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pathogenesis of the infection of heart
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first micro enters blood from another site of infections-------lodges in pre-existing lesion-----bacteria reproduces inside the blood clot-----pieces of the blood clot break off and block circulatory flow
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