Micro Final

Front 1

Scientific Study of disease?

Back 1

Pathology

Front 2

Cause of Disease?

Back 2

Etiology

Front 3

name for -How Disease develops?

Back 3

Pathogenesis

Front 4

How does the disease cause changes to the body?

Back 4

Effects

Front 5

The invasion or colonization of the body with pathogenic microbes

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Infection

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What causes Microbes to change the state of health in the body?

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Disease

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A)Prenatal

B)After Birth

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Normal Microbiota (Normal Flora)

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Animals are microbe free in the uterus, but pick up a host of microbes in the birth canal.Are is wide open for colonization, lacto Bacilli

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Prenatal

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Many areas of the body will contain microbes which do not make us sick.

Back 9

After Birth

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Respitory Tract (upper), Mouth strep, Skin, Large Intestine, Lower Urethra, Vagina,

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Area's that contain Microbes

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Prevent colonization of harfull bacteria

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Microbial Antagonism

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Types of relationships with microbes?

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A)Symbiosis or Mutualism

B)Commensalisms

C)Parasitism

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What is it called when Microbes are benificial to the host and the host is benificial to the bacteria.

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Symbiosis or mutualism

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Microbes in large intestine produce vit o k and we provide food.

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Symbiosis or mutualism

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Relationship is benificial to one party and does harm or benefit the other

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Commensalism

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Staph covers our body and prevents fungi growth. We benefit but bacteria just has a place to grow and does not receive nutrients.

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Commensalisms

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Pinworms do not harm us, use food we dont use

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Commensalisms

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Relationship is harmfull to one party, and beneficial to the other.

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Parasitism

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Tapeworm, Malaria Protoza, Hookworms

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Parasitism

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Microbes may be hamless in one body location but disease causing in another.
I.E. E coli

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Opportunistic Microorganisms

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1) Identify a microbe from a diseased organizum and make sure it was in pure culture

3)Introduce the pure microbe into a healthy organism.
4)Isolate that same microbe from the organism that is now showing the same signs of disease as the origianl.

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Koch's Pastulates

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Has to have living cells to grow.....1)Some bacteria can't be grown on artifical media e.g..Syphillis, Leporsy..2) Bacteria can't be collected from human tissue..e.g..Legimnarres must first be grown in Guines Pigs then cultured..3)Some bacteria have symptoms that no other pathogens exhibit so they do not need to be tested with postulates..e.g..Diphtheria, Tetanus

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Exceptions to Koch's Postulates

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You Cant see it....changes in the body that are not apparent by observation, fever, aches, joint pain, Nausea

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Symptoms

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Directly Observation such as a rash....Rash,blister's, swelling, discoloration

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Signs

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The signs and symptoms are always the same for the disease...mumps..toxic shock blood pressure falls rapidly

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Syndrome

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Classification of Disease

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Pathogenesis

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Disease that can spread directly from one host to another..HIV, STD, MRSA, ringworm,

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Communicable

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Disease is easily spread from one host to another..e.g.fly, colds, strep

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Contagious(Communicable)

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Disease is not spread from one host to another, but by fomites, animal vectors, or food and water...Cholera, Tetanus, Botulism

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Non-Communicable

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The diseases are constantly in the population e.g..In U.S
Colds,Flu, Aids

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Endemic

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A large number of people acquire the disease. The numbers are for above the normal range for the period of time.E.g..Flu epidemic of 1918

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Epidemic

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A world wide epidemic, flu,aids, T.B

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Pandemic

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Develops rapidly, but last a short time...colds,flu

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Acute

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Developes slowly and become continual or reaccuring. Example: T.B. or hep B

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Chronic

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Intermediate between acute and chronic Example: Ear infection, strep

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Subacute

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Agent of disease remains in the body and can become active again. Example: Shingles

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Latent

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Microbes are present but do not cause disease in the patient. The person can be a carrier and infect others. Example: Typhoid, herpes

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Sub-clinical

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Microbe infects only one small area of the body.

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Local Infection
(Host Involment)

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Microbes or toxins spread through the body by the blood or lymph and can cause disease in many areas of the body. Example: Septicemia, Toxemia, scarlet fever

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Systemic Infection
(Host Involment)

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Starts with a systemic infection but microbes localize in area of body

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Focal Infection
(Host Involment)

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Interval between infection and the first signs and symptoms of the disease Example.Mumps take 7-14 days to start sharing signs

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Incubation Period

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Very short period that follows the incubation period where early mild symptoms may be seen. Example Child is more tired than usual or has loss of appatitie

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Prodromal Period

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Acute disease with all the signs and symptoms.Examples: Blisters or chickenpox

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Illness Period

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Signs and symptoms decline is severity. Example Chicken Pox blisters start to form

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Decline Period

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Regain strength and function. Example Fever is gone

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Convalescence Period

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Human is the holding palce for this disease. Ex Typhoid, poloio

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Human Carriers

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Any animal that carries a disease....Animal carrier and site that maintains infection. Example Skunk-Rabies...Tick= Rocky mt fever...Mosquito=Malaria

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Zoonoses

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Non Living object Examole Bedding, phone

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Fomite

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Food or water
Example: Water= Cholera

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Non-Living Reservoir

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Person to person spread.
Example: STD, Colds, Flu

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Direct Contact

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Person with contaminated object or substance. Example: Telephone = Flu
Towel=Ringworm

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Indirect Contact

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Small droplets are suspended in the air. Example: sneeze=20,000 droplets produce whopping cough, colds

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Droplet Transmission

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Inscet or other arthopod bites and spreads the disease.=African Sleeping sickness
Example: Ants, tese fly

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Vector

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Infections transferred in the health care or hospital setting.
Example: UTI

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Nosocomial Infections

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The ability to ward off disease caused by microbes or their products. Also the abiltiy to protect against environments agents such as pollen, drugs, food chemicals and animal hair

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Immunity

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(non specific) Present @ birth, rapid respone, response is always the same and not dependent on the antigen, Does not have a memory, 1st line of defense it is very important

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Innate Immunity

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(specific for an antigen)
Specific response for each microbe, slower to repond, memory, it never forgets, built up over a life time

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Adaptive Immunity

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Skin: outer layer is dead and prevents entry of microbes. White blood cells attack microbes that enter epidermis.

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(Innate Immunity) Mechanical Components

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Mucus Membranes: Mucus catches some microbes and they can be swallowed or coughed out cilia helps to push them outward.

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Mechanical Components:Mucus Membranes