Micro Final

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attentuated vaccine

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alive but weakened virus

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Toxoid vaccine

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inactivated exotoxin

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subunit vaccine

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part of microbe is used; possibly genetically engineered

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conjugated vaccine

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polysaccharide vaccine + protein carrier

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conjugated vaccine & children

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stimulates a better response in children

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dendritic cell vaccine

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dentritic cell grown in lab

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what is added to dentritic cell in the DC vaccine?

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it is pulsed with antigen from tumor or microbe

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bordatella pertusis in old DPT vaccine--what type of vaccine?

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killed

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salk polio vaccine (injected)--what type of vaccine?

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inactivated

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standard influenza vaccine--what type of vaccine?

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inactivated

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sabin polio vaccine--what type of vaccine?

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attenuated

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MMR--what type of vaccine?

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attenuated

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varicella vaccine----what type of vaccine?

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attenuated

Front 14

rotateq vaccine--what type of vaccine?

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attenuated

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diphtheria vaccine--what type of vaccine?

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toxoid

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DPT, DTaP, Tdap tetanus vaccines--what type of vaccine?

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toxoid

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New pertussis vaccine --what type of vaccine?

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subunit

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DTaP for babies--what type of vaccine?

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subunit

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Tdap for older children and adults--what type of vaccine?

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subunit

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Hep B vaccine--what type of vaccine?

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subunit

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malaria vaccine for children--what type of vaccine?

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subunit

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3 types of hematapoietic stem cells

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erthyrocyte, platelets, wbcs

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two lines of WBCs

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myeloid and lymphoid

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3 types of PMN, granular, myleoid WBCs

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baso, eosino and neutro

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two types of mononuclear, myleoid WBCs

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monocyte and mast

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monocytes >>________

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macrophages

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where do monocytes mature?

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In tissues

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how are macrophages grouped?

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by function according to antigen presenting cells

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lymphoids are differentiated into ______

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effector cells

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What do Antigen Presenting Cells do?

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allow the Tcells to recognize antigens

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T-Cytoxic Cells (TC cells) differentiate into

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an effector cell called a cytotoxic T Lymphocyte

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t cells are classified by certain __________, called _______ ___ ___________

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glycoproteins, clusters of differentiation

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types of APCs

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macrophage, b-cells, dendritic cells

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T cells can _______ and __________ a macrophage

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recognize and activate

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MHC, on the surface of an APC, stands for

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major histocompatability complex

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what does the MHC do?

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presents antigenic peptide to T-cell

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CTLs, which are differentiated from T-cytoxic cells (TC cells), stands for

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Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte

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TC Cells stands for

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T-Cytoxic Cells

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of the CD4+T subsets, TH1 cells mostly help with __________immunity

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cellular

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of the CD4+T subsets, TH2 cells mostly help with __________immunity

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humoral

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an activated T-helper cell produces ________ which activate other _________, __ cells and _______

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T -cells, B-cells and macrophages

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CTL consists of

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CD8+ (T)cell(receptor)

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what do CTLs do after proliferation and differentiation?

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kill infected host cells

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which cytokine helps B cells?

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IL4

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how are B-cells activated?

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they are activated by the T-cells and helped by IL4

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what do B-cells do during the effector phase?

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they produce more antibodies

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what are the three stages of specific immune response?

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antigen recognition; activation; effector phase

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what do T-cells do during the effector phase?

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CTLs kill infected cells

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What do macrophages do during the effector phase?

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they phagocytose and kill pathogens better.

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plasma cells give rise to antibodies, which do what 3 jobs?

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activate complement; opsonize; neutralize

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opsonization

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when an antibody enhances phagocytosis

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B cells provide _______immunity

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humoral

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T cells provide ________immunity

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cellular

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complement--which line of defense?

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2nd

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interferons

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produced by virally-infected cells to help protect other cells from infection

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interferons--which line of defense?

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2nd

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phagocytosis--which line of defense?

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2nd

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lysozyme--which line of defense?

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1st

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4 signs of inflammation

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heat, red, pain, swell

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complement

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collective name for proteins in serum

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2nd line of defense from __________(skin barriers or chemicals?)

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chemicals

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1st line of defense from __________(skin barriers or chemicals?)

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skin barriers

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low pH of stomach acid--which line of defense?

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1st

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2nd line of defense aka ________immunity

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innate

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3rd line of defense aka ________/__________immunity

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specific/acquired

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macrophages and neutrophils do what in the process of inflammation?

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produce cytokines and chemokines

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the chemokine IL8 does what during inflammation?

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recruits more phagocytes

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the cyotkines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha do what during inflammation?

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cause fever and helps other immune cells to work better

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which cells signal the specific immune system?

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macrophages and dendritic cells

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IgM antibody is where?

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membrane bound

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IgG antibody--fact

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most common in blood

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IgG antibody is where?

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blood and tissues

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IgA antibody is where?

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in mucosa and secretions

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IgD antibody is where?

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membrane bound

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IgD antibody--fact

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naïve

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IgE antibody works w/

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mast cells (allergies and parasitic infections)

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IgM antibody--fact

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first antibody secreted

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IgM antibody works with ___________

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classical complement path

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T cell growth factor during activation

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IL-2

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perforin (during effector stage)

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pokes holes in cell membrane

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apoptosis

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programmed cell death

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clonal cell expansion

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many divisions produce identical daughter cells

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differentiation

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cytokines and cell-cell interactions will induce gene/developmental changes in cells

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antibody involved in Type I hypersensitivity

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IgE

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antibody involved in Type II hypersensitivity

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IgG

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antibody involved in Type III hypersensitivity

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IgG

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antibody involved in Type IV hypersensitivity

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none (memory cells cause)

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Type II hypersensitivity might involve

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penicillin or RH incompatibility

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Type III hypersensitivity might involve

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immune complexes, like lupus

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Type IV hypersensitivity might involve

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TB skin test, poison oak

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epitope

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portion of antigen recogized by antibodies or T-cells

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ways in which complement system works

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cytolysis, inflammation, phagocytosis

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which immune system is the complement system part of? (innate, acquired)

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innate

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what does the complement system do?

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get rid of cellular microbes

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classical pathway of complement system intitated when

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antibodies bind to antigens/microbes

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classical complement pathway requires ___________, unlike the alternative pathway

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antibodies

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short summary of classical complement pathway

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antibody-antigen complex formed, activates C1, which sets of cascade and results in cytolysis, inflammation and opsonization.

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how often is the alternative complement pathway on?

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always

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alternative complement pathway involves contact between _________ and __________

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complement and pathogen

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what complex helps the complement system to poke holes in membranes?

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Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)