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48 Cards in this Set
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Trichuris trichuria
Ascaris lumbricoides Anisakis simplex |
whipworm
**all are nematodes, round worms, unsegmented |
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what is the hygeine hypothesis
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trichuris and other helminths tent to stim a Th2 response, suppress Th1. T reg also helps out. first described for allergies.
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what is it called that works cause TH2 and T reg reactions
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hygeine hypothesis
* it was first described for allergies and now includes autoimmunity |
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whats a nematode
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means threadlike, long cylindrical, tapered
**super common, non segmented, NO LEGS |
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what is the nematode supermodel
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c elegans
**model organism, free living, soil nematode, small, |
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what worm is a tube within a tube, non segmented, long cylindrical and tapered. NO legs
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nematode, if it has legs its not a nematoad
**usually male and female |
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tell me about this tube in a tube
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its a nematoad
**outer tube: mm, neurons, cuticle **inner tube: digestion, reproduction **in btwn there is non compressible liquid |
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whats the general life cycle of a neatode
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easy, its worm looking at ALL stages.
**amt of development within the egg and infectious stage varies with species *stages are separated by molts |
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do nematodes mold
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sure thing, molting separates stages of life cycle
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whats a whip worm
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trichuris trichuria
*fecal oral transmission, NO intermediate host or vector. Eggs in poo, eggs embryonate in soil, eggs eaten and cause whip worm in host |
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what is the transmission of whip worm (trichuris trichuria)
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fecal oral
**you poo the eggs, eggs live in soil, you then eat the eggs **infective stage is the embryonated egg in the soil **Dx stage: unembryonated egg in the poo **wont migrate out of intestine |
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where does whip worm (T trichuria) set up shop in teh human/
what is dx stage what is infectious stage |
in the intestines, wont move
Dx: unembryonated egg in poop. bipolar plugs Infective: embyronated egg in the soil (you eat the number of eggs and get that number of worms) |
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whats teh dif btwn male and female whip worms (T trichuria)
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female is bigger- makes 1000 eggs/day
Male smaller **both have mouth at skinny end **if you have a certain number of worms it means you ate that many eggs *worms live for years |
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ok so we ate an infectious embyronated T trichuria egg that was in teh soil and now we have ... what are the clinical manifestations
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Whip Worm
**asx with low worm burden (<100 worms) unless... ITS IN THE APPENDIX **Sx with >100 Worms, number of worms depends in the number or eggs ingested **worm embeds into the mucosa **can have rectal prolapse |
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do whip worms embed into mucosa
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yep, so do hook worms
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when might you get rectal prolapse
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if you are a kid with a high worm burden of whipworm >100
Also: abd pain, anorexia vomit bloody diarreha anemia- mucosal damage |
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is trichuria common
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3rd most common round worm world wide
common in tropical areas and southern US (not AZ bc its too dry) **recall its fecal oral so common whre ppl eat poo. Eggs can be viable in the embyronated infectious stage for years! |
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how is whip worm dx
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the trichuria eggs in the poo are bipolar plugs, this is unique
can visulaise hte worms embeded into mucosa via proctoscopy |
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how can whip worm be prevented
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improve sanitation, educate about useing human poo as fertilizer. its a bad idea
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what bug is being used as tx for IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)
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trichuria, whip worm
not THE cure but can help! |
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is whipworm unique to ppl
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nope, Trichuris trichuria is unique to humans but there are lots of other Trichuris sp that cause whipworm in other species
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ascaris lumbridoides whats it called on the streets
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large intestinal roundworm
large bc of its size |
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what is the lifecycle of a lumbricoidses (large intestinal round worm)
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same as tricurius
Fecal Oral transmission, no intermediate host you poo an egg, the egg embyronates in the soil, you eat the infectious egg |
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what is the infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides
dx stage |
Infective: embryonated egg in soil, take 2-4 weeks in soil (trichuris is 3 weeks and is characteriztic bipolar plug)
Dx: fert and unfert eggs in the poo, takes about 3 months to make eggs (same as trichuria) Worms TRAVEL, can be passed from mouth or nose, go from intestine to live to lung and can be coughed up and passed back to intestine |
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what worm can you cough up!
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large intenstinal round worm
**these ones migrate (recall whip worm wont) **passes from intestine to liver to lung and can be coughed up or swallowed to get back to intestine |
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are there male and female ascaris lumbricoides
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yep (same as for whip)
the female is bigger bc it lays LOTS of eggs, about 12 inches **lives abotu a year |
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if we know ascaris lays 1000s of eggs a day and lives for a year can we determine the worm burden
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nope! bummer (large intestinal roundworm)
**with whip worm and this its based on how may infective eggs you eat (characteriztic bipolar cork with whip) |
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what are the clinical manifestations of Ascaris Lumbricoides
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asx with low worm burden
large burden: 1. Intestine: pain, anorexia, obstruction, more common in kids 2. Lung: cough, pneumonitis, LOEFFLERS syndrome- eosionophilia, ALLERGENIC |
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what worm is allergenic
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ascaris lumbricoides- asthma attacks in lab workers
Th2 nad T reg (typical) resposnse is directed toward larval stages. IgE response Loefflers eosinophilia |
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when might we get regions of inflammation/necrosis/granulomas bc of worm infection or
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ascaris lumbricoides
**bc the worm will migrate and die in transit. NASTY can come out your mouth or nose or even get into the liver nad pancrease |
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what things can cause migration of ascarix lumbricoides
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spicy food
anesthesia meds diarrhea high fever |
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ok so we get TH2 and T reg against ascaris, does this mean we get great lasting immunity
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nope, reinfection is common
its an allergen also, causes asthma in lab workers |
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wht is THE MOST COMMON worm infection, what causes it
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ascaris lumbricoides, the migrating large round worm
poor sanitation (fecal oral) can have other co worm infection eggs viable for years (worm itself lives a year) |
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how can you make the dx of ascaris lumbricoides
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Eggs in poo (no cool characteristc as seen with whip worm)
Eosinophilia (Loeffers) X ray0 whirl pool image Ultrasound- ca detect migrations in to liver/pancreas Serology- labs/research |
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what can cause a whirl pool image on x ra
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worm infection, large intestinal round worm
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are trichuris and ascaris eggs infective immediatly after they are passed.
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nope, they need to hang out in the soil for a bit (3 weeks). this is good news bc pts arent transferring it to other ppl around them
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which would you poision your roomate with tricuris or ascaris
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ascaris- it moves around and will cause respiratory issues as well
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how can you prevent control ascaris lumbricoides *large intestinal round worm
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fecal oral transmission, be safe with poop
education, improved sanitation, MASS Tx for infected areas, but reinfection is common and rggs live a long time |
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what is ascaris suum
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its pig large intestinal round worm but we can become accidental host and be infected. really simliar to A lumbrisoides
**this is actually the one that the roomate gave to other roomies |
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whats anidakiasis
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its worms caused by eating infected fish.
normall infects large marine mammals but when we eat raw/undercooked food we can get them |
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what might you get if you eat pickled herring
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anisakiasis
**it infects sea mammals but when we eat the we are accidental hosts |
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what worm is NOT usually infectious for humans
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anisakis, but when we eat raw/undercooked fish we can get it. different than others bc sx IMMEDIATE with in hours
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what is the dx and infectious stage of anisakis
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we are NOT part of normal life cycle- accidental ingestion via fish
Infective stage: larvae in fish.squid Dx: larvea in stomach/intestine. sx in HOURS!!! unique |
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if you have abd pain and nausea/vomit w/i hours of eating a suchi dinner what might be the problem
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anidakiasis- IMMEDIATE sx.
**can cough up larvae (like large round worm) **normall larvae in stomach but can get to intestine and cause eosionphilic granulomatous response 1-2 weeks after infection--> simliar to chrons disease |
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how is enisakiasis dx and tx
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gasctoscopic exam- remove larvea
surgery/biopsy Elisa |
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if you always cook your suchi what are you preventing
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anisakiasis
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infewction hours after ingestion is most likely with what
trichirus acaris anidasikas |
anaskasis
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are there arscid infections besides trich, ascaris, and anikalsis
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oh ya, but ther are more in other animals
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