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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what do you call an infection of the eyelids
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blepharitis
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what are the bacterial causes of blepharitis
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staph
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what are some viral causes of blepharitis
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HSV
VZV MCV (Molluscum contagiosum) |
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what is orbital cellulitis?
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swelling of the tissue surrounding the eye
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common bacteria causing orbital cellulitis
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staph a.
strep pyogenes H. influenzae |
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what are the common causes of conjunctivitis (general)
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infectious agents
allergies irritants inability to produce tears |
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bacterial conjunctivitis is most often caused by?
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Staph (adults)
Strep pneumo (children) H. influenzae (children) |
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what is the causative agent for inclusion conjunctivitis?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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charicteristics of IC
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papillae on the conjunctival membranes
mild discomfort with little to no discharge |
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what is the leading casue of preventable blindness in the world?
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C. trachomatis serotypes A, B, C
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what is Trachoma?
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keratoconjunctivitis caused by C. trachomatis serotypes A,B,C
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is one trachoma infection usually enough to cause end stage blindness?
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no, repeat infections are usually required to produce end stage blindness
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what is a superior limbic pannus
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a fibrovascular conective tissue that develops over the cornea and causes blindness in trachoma infections
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what causes corneal opacity or pannus in trachoma infections
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inversion of the eyelids causes abbrasions on the cornea
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what is the epidemiology of trachoma infections
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assc. w/ poverty and unsanitary conditions
endemic in Africa and southwestern US |
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what is the transmission route for trachoma
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mechanical vectors (flies)
infected fomites hand to eye from contaminated water source |
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diagnosis of IC and trachoma?
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conjunctival scrapings
stain with giemsa or iodine and look for inclusion bodies FA test |
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is iodine an effective stain for all Chlamydia infections?
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no, it does not work on C. pneumonia or C. psittaci inclusions
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how do you treat IC or trachoma
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erythromycin/ tetracyclines
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what is opthalmia neonatorum
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conjunctivitis of the newborn
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what is the prophylactic treatment for opthalmia neonatorum
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1% silver nitrate and erythromycin or tetracycline
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what is the chance that a newborn will develop a gonorrhoea infection of the eye if the mother has an active infection?
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50%
2-5 days after birth |
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what is the chance that a newborn will develop a chlamydial infection of the eye if the mother has an active infection?
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70%
5-10 days after birth |
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which conjunctivitis of the newborn is typically unilateral?
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C. trachomatis
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aside from conjunctival infections, what is another disease associated with an infant born to a mother with a chlamydial infection?
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pneumonia
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what is the treatment for opthalmia neonatum
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Screen the mother and treat with erythromycin to prevent it
OR treat the newborn with oral and topical erythromycin |
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causes of viral follicular conjunctivitis
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Adenovirus
HSV VZV |
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what are commonly associated contamination sites for adenovirus
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inadequately chlorinated pools
eyedrops in physicians offices |
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what is the cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis or "shipyards eye"
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adenovirus, serotypes 8 & 19
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another name for adenovirus caused conjunctivitis?
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pharyngeal conjunctival fever
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what is the difference between EKC and PCF?
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they both start out the same, but EKC develops into ulcerations 10 to 14 days after initial infection
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what is acute epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by
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Coxsackie virus A24
enterovirus 70 adenovirus serotype 11 |
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what is keratitis
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imflammation of the cornea w/ moderate to severe pain, photophobia, and decreased vision
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causes of viral keratitis
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HSV
VZV |
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what is the leading cause of infections blindness in developed countries?
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HSV-1
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which type of keratitis is more serious, stromal or epithelial?
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stromal HSV
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what type of keratitis presents with dendritic ulcerations on the corneal surface
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epithelial HSV
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what is an indicative microscopic finding for HSV keratitis scrapings
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multinucleated giant cells
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when should you begin treating VZV patients
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within 3 days of the appearance of lesions
acyclovir |
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what do punctiform lesions on the cornea indicate?
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adenovirus kerititis
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what is the only "true" bacterial pathogen of the eye
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Strep pneumoniae
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bacterial keratitis associated with soft contact lenses
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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presentation of P. aeruginosa keratitis
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leukocytes in anterior chamber and corneal ulcerations
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when is a corneal ulcer an emergency
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any time it is cause by something other than HSV
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what is the most frequent cause of life/sight threatining infections in AIDS pts
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CMV
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clinical diagnosis of CMV
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hemorrhages, edema, and necrosis (red and white patches) on the retina
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what is the treatment for a CMV infection
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ganciclovir or foscarnet
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what are the 4 causes of endopthalmitis?
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complication of intraoccular surgery (cataract)
post traumatic endogenous spread of pathogens uncontrolled corneal or orbital infections |
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what is the typical cause of endogenous endopthalmitis
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candidia
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what is the most common cause of endopthalmitis
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70% due to intraocular surgeries
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