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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 4 nucleotides in dna? |
A T C G |
|
how many links are between A T? |
2 |
|
how many links are between C G? |
3 |
|
which nucleotides are pyramidine? |
C T |
|
which nucleotides are purine? |
A G |
|
what are the two groups attached to the rna nucleotides? |
phosphate and ribose |
|
what is the order of the enzymes in dna replication? |
helicase primase polymerase ligase |
|
what does dna helicase do in dna replication? |
unwinds and breaks bonds |
|
what does primase do in dna replication? |
adds short rna nucleotides |
|
what does polymerase do in dna replication? |
adds dna nucleotides |
|
what does ligase do in dna replication? |
rejoins dna |
|
what happens during transcription? |
info in Dna is copied as rna |
|
what are the 5 steps of transcription? |
1. rna polymerase bonds to promoter and dna unwinds 2. rna is synthesized by base pairing of nucleotides from dna template 3. site of synthesis moves along dna and rewinds 4. reaches terminator 5. rna and rna polymerase are released and helix reforms |
|
where does transcription take place in eukaryotes? |
nucleus |
|
where does transcription take place in prokaryotes? |
cytoplasm |
|
what are the nucleotide bases in transcription? |
A U C G |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what is a missense mutation? |
amino acid is changed completely |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what is a missense mutation? |
amino acid is changed completely |
|
what is a nonsense mutation? |
causes chain to stop too soon |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what is a missense mutation? |
amino acid is changed completely |
|
what is a nonsense mutation? |
causes chain to stop too soon |
|
what is a frameshift mutation? |
insertion or deletion of pairs |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what is a missense mutation? |
amino acid is changed completely |
|
what is a nonsense mutation? |
causes chain to stop too soon |
|
what is a frameshift mutation? |
insertion or deletion of pairs |
|
what happens during the lactose operon? |
gene expression is controlled lactose binds to repressor protein and dna is transcribed |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what is a missense mutation? |
amino acid is changed completely |
|
what is a nonsense mutation? |
causes chain to stop too soon |
|
what is a frameshift mutation? |
insertion or deletion of pairs |
|
what happens during the lactose operon? |
gene expression is controlled lactose binds to repressor protein and dna is transcribed |
|
what is repression? |
blocks rna polymerase decreases transcription always off |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what happens during translation? |
proteins are made from mRNA |
|
what is a missense mutation? |
amino acid is changed completely |
|
what is a nonsense mutation? |
causes chain to stop too soon |
|
what is a frameshift mutation? |
insertion or deletion of pairs |
|
what happens during the lactose operon? |
gene expression is controlled lactose binds to repressor protein and dna is transcribed |
|
what is repression? |
blocks rna polymerase decreases transcription always on |
|
what is induction? |
increases transcription always on |
|
what are the 3 sites in translation and what do they do? |
A is where amino acids enter P is where peptide bonds form E is where tRNA exits |
|
what is tRNA? |
transfer rna |
|
what is rRNA? |
ribosomal rna |
|
what is a codon? |
a genetic code with 3 nucleotides |
|
what are the 3 stop codons? |
UAA UAG UGA |
|
what is the start codon for translation? |
AUG |
|
what are the 7 steps of translation? |
1. mRNA binds to rRNA 2. starts at aug 3. tRNA adds codon to A site 4. tRNA shifts to P site 5. when A and P are filled, peptides are formed 6. a new code is added 7. stops at stopper codons |
|
what are the 4 types of mutation? |
base substitution missense nonsense frameshift |
|
what is a base substitution mutation? |
base is changed |
|
what is transformation? |
bacterial cell takes up foreign dna |
|
what is transformation? |
bacterial cell takes up foreign dna |
|
what is conjugation? |
pili exchange plasmids |