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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bacterial structure that protects against phagocytosis
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capsule
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provides rigid support to bacterial cell
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peptidogycan
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bacterial structure that protects against osmotic pressure differences
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peptidoglycan
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space btwn inner & outer cell membs in gram(-) bacteria
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periplasm
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bacterial form that provides resistance to dehydration, heat & chemicals
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spores
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exotoxin that inhibits ACh release → flaccid paralysis
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botulinum toxin
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lecithinase that causes gas gangrene
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alfatoxin of C. perfringes
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inhibits the inhibitor of adenylate cyclase→ whooping cough
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pertussis toxin
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stims adenylate cyclase→ Cl- & water into gut→ diarrhea
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- cholera toxin
- heat-labile E. coli toxin (ETEC) |
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toxin that destroys leukocytes
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leukocydin
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composed of edema factor, lethal factor, & protective antigen
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cytotoxin of Bacillius anthracis
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enterotoxin causing rice-water diarrhea
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- cholera toxin
- heat labile E. coli (ETEC) |
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causes scarlet fever (the toxin)
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erythrogenic & pyrogenic toxins (of S. pyogenes)
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causes toxic shock syndrome
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TSST-1
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inactivates EF-2→ pseudomembranous pharyngitis
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diptheria toxin
(corynebacterium diptheriae) |
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blocks release of inhibitory NT glycine
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tetanus toxin
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what 5 bacteria secrete enterotoxins
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- V. cholera
- heat-labile E. coli (ETEC) - S. aureus - Salmonella - Shigella (enterotoxin = exotoxin that causes water & electrolyte imbal of intest epith resulting in diarrhea) |
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enterotoxin (definition)
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exotoxin that causes water & electrolyte imbal of intest epith resulting in diarrhea
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which organisms do not take gram stain?
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("These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color")
- Treponema - Rickettsia (intracell) - Mycobacteria - Mycoplasma - Legionella (intracell) - Chlamydia (intracell) |
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stain required to see Cryptococcus neoformans
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india ink
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stain required to see PCP
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silver stain
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stain required to see amyloid
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congo red
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stain required to see chlamydia
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giemsa
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characteristics of MacConkey's agar
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- inhibit gram(+) growth
- only has lactose - pink colonies = lactose-fermenting enterics |
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what organisms exchange plasmids through transformation?
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SHiN
- S. pneumo - H. flu - Niesseria |
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what bacteria are spore formers
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- bacillus anthracis
- C. perfringens - C. tetani - B. cereus - C. botulinum - Coxsiella burnetti |
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skin infections caused by both S. pyogenes & S. aureus
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- folliculitis
- cellulitis - impetigo |
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why is group B Strep (S. agalectiae) so common in neonates?
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b/c it's normal vaginal flora in 25% of women
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what types of infections does GBS (S. agalectiae) cause in neonates?
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- meningitis
- sepsis - pneumonia |
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most prominent organism in dental plaque
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S. mutans
(viridans strep) |
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what patients are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes?
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- neonates→ meningitis
- immunocompromised |
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what organisms are most commonly implicated in subacute endocarditis?
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- s. epidermidis
- enterococci (group D strep) - viridans strep (acute endocarditis would be S. aureus) |
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bacteria that causes mastitis
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S. aureus
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MC aerobic skin flora
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S. epidermidis
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causes scalded-skin syndrome
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S. aureus
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causes white-membrane on pharynx
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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causes pharyngitis→ glomerulonephritis
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S. pyogenes
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MCC of meningitis
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S. pneumo
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MCC of osteomyelitis
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S. aureus
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infant w/poor muscle tone
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C. botulinum (floppy baby)
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bacterial cause of otitis media in children
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S. pneumo
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cause of cellulitis
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Strep. pyogenes OR S. aureus
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1 hr after eating potato salad at a picnic, an entire family began to vomit. After 10 hrs they were better. What is the organism?
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S. aureus
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infections caused by S. pyogenes (group A strep)
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- folliculitis, cellulitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis
- bacteremia - pharyngitis - endocarditis - acute glomerulonephritis - rheumatic fever - scarlet fever - TSS |
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basic MOA of penicillins
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inhibit cell wall
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clinical uses for ampicillin & amoxicillin
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- gram (+)'s
- H. flu - E. coli - Listeria - Proteus mirabilis - Salmonella - Enterococci |
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penicillin for syphilis
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pen G
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penicillin for UTI
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ampicillin/amoxicillin
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penicillin for Pseudomonas
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- ticarcillin
- carbenicillin - piperacillin |
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penicillin for neonatal infection
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penicillin & amox/ampicillin
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cephalosporin w/the longest half-life
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ceftriaxone
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