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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antisepsis |
Destruction of pathogenic organisms on living objects |
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Disinfection |
killing of microbes on non-living surfaces, kills vegetative cells but not endospores |
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Sterile |
100% microbe free |
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Best way to prevent transmission |
hand washing |
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Chemical control methods |
detergents phenols heavy metal halogens aldehides |
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Physical control methods |
heat pasteurization autoclave/moist pressure Dry heat Freezing refridgeration salting radiation |
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thermal death point |
lowest temp to kill microbes in 10 min |
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thermal death time |
shortest time to kill all test microbes at specified temp |
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Organisms destroyed by antibiotics |
Bacteria (prokaryotes) |
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Variables on microbe control |
time of exposure concentration organic materal toxicity amount of microbes type of microbe (endospores, cysts, viruses, prions) temp & pH of environment |
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how microbes are attacked |
Cell wall Denaturing proteins DNA Plasma membrane |
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types of heavy metals used for control |
zinc copper silver mercury |
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halogens used in control |
flourine chlorine Bromine Iodine |
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How refridgeration and freezing work to control microbes |
slow down enzymes |
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how radiation works in control |
damages DNA |
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how heavy metals work in control |
denature proteins |
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injury heavy metals will be used for |
burns |
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how hydrogen peroxide works |
oxygen ions damage proteins and DNA in anaerobes |
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liquid aldehydes |
Glutaraldehyde Formaldehyde |
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antibiotics that inhibit cell walls |
penicillins cephalosporins vancomhycin bacitracin isoniazid |
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antibiotics that inhibit cell membrane |
polymyxins (surface only) |
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Antibiotics that inhibit replication of DNA |
Quinolones (ciprofloxacin) |
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What antibiotics that inhibit replication of DNA actually inhibit |
gyrase (unwinding enzyme) |
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Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes |
chloramphenicol erthromycin |
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Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotes |
gentamicin streptomycin tetracyclines |
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antibiotics that inhibit enzymes and products |
sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) trimethoprim |
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Antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase |
Rifampin |
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Side effects of antibiotics |
Allergies Diarrhea Fungal infections of mouth (destruction of normal flora) |
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Antibiotic used as last resort |
Vancomycin |
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causes of antibiotic resistence |
incorrect prescription Patient incompetence animal feed |
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solutions to resistence |
microbe testing 2 drug cocktails washing food |
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hospital microbe levels of control |
handwashing Gloves and gown mask low pressure rooms with filtration |