Micro: Chapter 9

Front 1

The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step?

a) Perform electrophoresis.

b) Collect DNA.

c) Add stain.

d) Lyse cells.

e) Digest with a restriction enzyme.

Back 1

e) Digest with a restriction enzyme.

Front 2

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in figure 9.1?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

e) 5

Back 2

b) 2

Front 3

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is __________.

a) RNA polymerase

b) reverse transcriptase

c) DNA ligase

d) DNA polymerase

e) spliceosome

Back 3

a) RNA polymerase

Front 4

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme is step 2 is ____________.

a) DNA polymerase

b) RNA polymerase

c) DNA ligase

d) spliceosome

e) reverse transcriptase

Back 4

e) reverse transcriptase

Front 5

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is _____________.

a) mRNA --> protein

b) DNA --> DNA

c) DNA --> mRNA

d) tRNA --> mRNA

e) mRNA --> cDNA

Back 5

e) mRNA --> cDNA

Front 6

Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product?

a) It cannot process introns.

b) Endotoxin may be in the product.

c) Its genes are well known.

d) It does not secrete most proteins.

e) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.

Back 6

c) Its genes are well known.

Front 7

Which of following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques?

a) glyphosate-resistant crops

b) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide

c) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)

d) pectinase

e) frost retardant

Back 7

d) pectinase

Front 8

If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is __________.

a) transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.

b) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.

c) splicing T DNA into a plasmid.

d) transformation of an animal cell.

e) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium

Back 8

e) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacteirum

Front 9

Biotechnology involves the

a) use of microorganisms to make desired products.

b) use of animal cells to make vaccines.

c) development of disease-resistant crop plants.

d) use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines.

e) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants.

Back 9

e) use of microorganisms to make desired products,the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants

Front 10

Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures?

a) self-replication

b) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome

c) large size

d) may replicate in several species

e) has a selectable marker

Back 10

c) large size

Front 11

An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to

a) obtain genes that lack introns.

b) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.

c) isolate unknown genes.

d) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

e) obtain genes that lack exons.

Back 11

b) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence

Front 12

An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it

a) lacks exons

b) lacks introns

c) can form very large DNA segments

d) contains selectable markers

e) is very easy to isolate

Back 12

b) lacks introns

Front 13

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G AATTC. Which of the following is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI?

a) Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G.

b) All of the DNA will have blunt ends.

c) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G.

d) All of the DNA will be circular.

e) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.

Back 13

e) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.

Front 14

Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a ___________.

a) PCR

b) vector

c) clone

d) library

e) Southern blot

Back 14

d) library

Front 15

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a ____________.

a) library

b) vector

c) clone

d) PCR

e) Southern blot

Back 15

c) clone

Front 16

Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a ___________.

a) Southern blot

b) clone

c) PCR

d) vector

e) library

Back 16

d) vector

Front 17

The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on

a) identifying all of the genes in the human genome.

b) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.

c) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.

d) cloning all of the genes of the human genome.

e) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.

Back 17

c) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.

Front 18

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to

a) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme.

b) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.

c) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme.

d) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme

e) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.

Back 18

b) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme

Front 19

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order?

1) Incubate at 94 degrees C to denature DNA strands

2) Incubate at 72 degrees C for DNA synthesis

3) Incubate at 60 degrees C for primer hybridization

a) 2, 1, 3

b) 1, 2, 3

c) 3, 2, 1

d) 3, 1, 2

e) 1, 3, 2

Back 19

e) 1, 3, 2

Front 20

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B?

a) complentary DNA (cDNA)

b) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)

c) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)

d) RNA interference (RNAi)

e) DNA fingerprinting

Back 20

d) RNA interference (RNAi)

Front 21

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?

a) microinjection

b) gene guns

c) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium

d) protoplast fusion

e) electroporation

Back 21

a) microinjection

Front 22

In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are

a) ampR and ori

b) ampR and lacZ

c) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI

d) lacZ and ori

e) ori

Back 22

b) ampR and lacZ

Front 23

In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is

a) ori

b) ampR

c) EcoRI

d) lacZ

e) HindIII

Back 23

a) ori

Front 24

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into EcoRI?

a) microinjection

b) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium

c) gene guns

d) transformation

Back 24

d) transformation

Front 25

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is

a) Thermus aquaticus

b) Pseudomonas

c) Bacillus thuringiensis

d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

e) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Back 25

a) Thermus aquaticus

Front 26

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below. What is the second step?

a) Add enzyme substrate.

b) Lyse human cells.

c) Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.

d) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.

e) The order is unimportant.

Back 26

d) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.

Front 27

Gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by

a) blocking transcription

b) making double-stranded RNA.

c) allosteric inhibition of an enzyme.

d) end-product repression.

e) blocking DNA replication.

Back 27

b) making double-stranded RNA

Front 28

You want to determine whether a person has a mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is

a) restriction mapping

b) translation

c) site-directed mutagenesis

d) transformation

e) PCR

Back 28

e) PCR

Front 29

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?

a) DNA fingerprinting

b) restriction fragment length polymorphisms

c) reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)

d) DNA fingerprings and restriction fragment length polymorphisms

e) DNA fingerprings, restriction length polymorphisms, and reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)

Back 29

e) DNA fingerprings, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)

Front 30

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by

a) Selective breeding

b) site-directed mutagenesis

c) enrichment

d) irradiating the cells

e) selection

Back 30

b) site-directed mutagenesis

Front 31

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

a) the recombinant cell unable to survive

b) the recombinant cell dangerous

c) replica plating possible

d) direct selection possible

e) all of the answers are correct

Back 31

d) direct selection possible

Front 32

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X.

1-translation

2-restriction enzyme

3-prokaryotic transcription

4-DNA ligase

5-transformation

6-eukaryotic transcription

7-reverse transcription

a) 6,2,1,3,4,5,7

b) 6,7,2,3,4,5,1

c) 6,7,2,4,5,3,1

d)1,2,3,5,4,7,6

e) 5,2,3,4,7,6,1

Back 32

c) 6,7,2,4,5,3,1

Front 33

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to

a) delete genes necessary for modified organism's growth

b) provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms

c) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment

d) provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides

e) kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment

Back 33

c) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment

Front 34

A restriction fragment is

a) a segment of tRNA

b) a gene

c) a segment of DNA

d) cDNA

e) a segment of mRNA

Back 34

c) a segment of DNA

Front 35

In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required?

a) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose

b) electrophoresis to separate fragments

c) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA

d) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest

e) restriction of enzyme digestion of DNA

Back 35

c) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA

Front 36

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA?

a) translation

b) RNA processing to remove introns

c) transcription

d) reverse transcription

Back 36

a) translation

Front 37

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because

a) the RNA primer is specific

b) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA

c) DNA can be electrophoresed

d) all cells have DNA

e) all cells have RNA

Back 37

a) The RNA primer is specific

Front 38

The random shotgun method is used in

a) forensic microbiology

b) amplification of unknown DNA

c) transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA

d) genome sequencing

e) RFLP analysis

Back 38

d) genome sequencing

Front 39

Restriction enzymes are

a) animal enzymes that splice RNA

b) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA

c) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA

d) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA

Back 39

d) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA

Front 40

The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is

a) proteomics

b) forensic microbiology

c) metagenomics

d) bionfirmatics

e) reverse genetics

Back 40

c) metagenomics

Front 41

The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products.

Back 41

false

Front 42

In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as plasmid or viral genome.

Back 42

true

Front 43

The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection.

Back 43

false

Front 44

A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.

Back 44

true

Front 45

Nearly all cells, including E.coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.

Back 45

false

Front 46

The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns.

Back 46

true

Front 47

One of the first commercial success of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E.coli

Back 47

true

Front 48

Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.

Back 48

true

Front 49

The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.

Back 49

false

Front 50

The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.

Back 50

true