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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following molecules serves as the short-term recyclable energy supply for a cell?
Triglycerides Glucose ATP Phospholipids |
ATP
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Which of the following describes the composition of a molecule of fat?
Complex carbon rings Glycerol, two fatty acids, and phosphate Glycerol and three fatty acids Branched polymers of glucose |
Glycerol and three fatty acids
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Which of the following is a true statement concerning bacterial cell walls?
Gram-negative cell walls contain teichoic acids. The periplasmic space of Gram-negative cells is found between the plasma membrane and the LPS layer. Gram-positive cell walls contain Lipid A which can cause severe problems during infections. Peptidoglycan is composed of only NAG and NAM molecules. |
The periplasmic space of Gram-negative cells is found between the plasma membrane and the LPS layer.
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The temporary or permanent disruption of a protein's three-dimensional structure is called ____________________.
Decomposition Denaturation Anabolism Hydrolysis |
Denaturation
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Which atomic particle has a positive charge?
Electron Neutron Isotope Proton |
Proton
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All of the following are components of a nucleotide EXCEPT:
Carboxyl group Purine or pyrimidine base Five-carbon sugar Phosphate group |
Carboxyl group
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What are catabolic reactions?
Chemical reactions that break large molecules apart Chemical reactions that involve carbon Chemical reactions that release molecules of water Chemical reactions that consume energy |
Chemical reactions that break large molecules apart
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A difference in the concentration of a chemical on both sides of a semi-permeable membrane leads to which of the following phenomena?
Active transport Endocytosis Osmosis Denaturation |
Osmosis
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Which of the following types of transport involves the expenditure of energy and special membrane proteins?
Endocytosis Diffusion Active transport Osmosis |
Active transport
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A holoenzyme is a combination of an apoenzyme bound to its particular cofactor(s).
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True
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Anaerobic respiration occurs when an organism uses inorganic molecules such as nitrate or sulfate as final electron acceptors in their electron transport chains.
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True
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The first compound formed in the Krebs cycle is citric acid.
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True
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High temperatures break the hydrogen bonds that give enzymes their characteristic shapes, thereby denaturing them.
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True
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Which of the following enzymes might be expected to catalyze the removal or addition of electrons of other molecules?
Oxidoreductase Isomerase Ligase Transferase |
Oxidoreductase
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Many vitamins are important for metabolism because they act as ____________________.
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Coenzymes
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Most of the ATP in a cell that carries out respiration is made by which of the following processes?
Krebs cycle Fermentation Glycolysis Chemiosmosis |
Chemiosmosis
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All of the following could be considered precursor metabolites EXCEPT:
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Acetyl-CoA Ribose-5-phosphate Fats |
Fats
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ATP is generated by the process of substrate-level phosphorylation in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
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True
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Which of the following best describes the function of a photosystem?
The absorption of light energy and its conversion to ATP and NADPH. The generation of NADH and FADH2 from the oxidation of acetyl-CoA. The generation of glucose from carbon dioxide and water. The generation of a proton gradient in order to produce ATP. |
The absorption of light energy and its conversion to ATP and NADPH.
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The products of microbial metabolism are useful in identifying bacteria.
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True
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All of the following are electron carrier molecules that are important for cellular redox reactions EXCEPT:
FAD NAD+ TCA NADP+ |
TCA
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Glycolysis produces two molecules of NADH, one molecule of pyruvic acid, and a total of four molecules of ATP.
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False
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All of the following affect the activity of enzymes EXCEPT:
Concentration of substrate Concentration of the enzyme Changes in temperature All of the above can affect the activity of an enzyme. |
All of the above can affect the activity of an enzyme.
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The rate of an enzymatic reaction will increase as more substrate is added until the saturation point is reached and all of the active sites of the enzymes present are occupied by substrate molecules.
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True
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What is the major function of fermentation?
The reduction of glucose The production of ATP The regeneration of NAD+ for glycolysis The generation of a proton gradient |
The regeneration of NAD+ for glycolysis
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The products of microbial metabolism are useful in identifying bacteria.
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True
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The four types of electron carrier molecules in electron transport chains are ubiquinones, metal-containing proteins, flavoproteins, and carotenoids.
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False
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In feedback inhibition pathways, the end product of the pathway is an inhibitor of the last enzyme in the pathway.
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False
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With respect to metabolizing nutrients
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bacteria have more complex biochemical pathways than do eukaryotes.
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Which of the following parts of an atom governs its behavior in the formation of chemical bonds?
Neutrons Ions Protons Electrons |
Electrons
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Which of the following types of transport involves the expenditure of energy and special membrane proteins?
Endocytosis Diffusion Active transport Osmosis |
Active Transport
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What is the activation energy of a reaction?
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The amount of energy it takes to trigger a chemical reaction.
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What is the activation energy of a reaction?
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The amount of energy it takes to trigger a chemical reaction.
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Changes in pH have an adverse effect on the shape of an enzyme because pH affects which levels of protein structure?
A. Primary structure B. Secondary structure C. Tertiary structure D. Both B and C are correct. E. A, B, and C are correct. |
D. Both B and C are correct.
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Chemiosmosis is responsible for how many of the 38 molecules of ATP produced during cellular respiration in bacteria?
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34
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All of the following are ways in which a molecule can be oxidized EXCEPT:
Gaining an oxygen atom Losing a carbon atom. Losing an electron Losing a hydrogen atom. |
Losing a carbon atom.
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With respect to metabolizing nutrients:
bacteria have more complex biochemical pathways than do eukaryotes. eukaryotes have more complex biochemical pathways than do bacteria. the complexity of their biochemical pathways for metabolizing is the same since gylcolysis and the Krebs cycle occur in both bacteria and eukaryotes. |
bacteria have more complex biochemical pathways than do eukaryotes.
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Beta-oxidation is a method of catabolizing which of the following molecules? Glycerol
Glucose Proteins Fatty acids |
Fatty acids
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In eukaryotic cells, all of the following processes occur in the mitochondrion EXCEPT:
Glycolysis Beta-oxidation Krebs cycle Electron transport |
Glycolysis
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Which of the following is temporarily formed during an enzymatic reaction?
Coenzyme Enzyme-substrate complex Proton gradient Activation energy |
Enzyme-substrate complex
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All of the following are associated with the process of glycolysis EXCEPT:
Substrate-level phosphorylation Production of pyruvic acid Production of NADPH Phosphorylation of glucose |
Production of NADPH
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The cellular process of linking chemical building blocks together into macromolecules is called ____________________.
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Polymerization
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A cell uses which process to create a proton gradient?
ATP production Electron transport Active transport Flagellar motion |
Electron transport
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Which of the following is temporarily formed during an enzymatic reaction?
Coenzyme Enzyme-substrate complex Proton gradient Activation energy |
Enzyme-substrate complex
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All of the following are associated with the process of glycolysis EXCEPT:
Substrate-level phosphorylation Production of pyruvic acid Production of NADPH Phosphorylation of glucose |
Production of NADPH
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The cellular process of linking chemical building blocks together into macromolecules is called ____________________.
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Polymerization
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A cell uses which process to create a proton gradient?
ATP production Electron transport Active transport Flagellar motion |
Electron transport
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Which of the following is temporarily formed during an enzymatic reaction?
Coenzyme Enzyme-substrate complex Proton gradient Activation energy |
Enzyme-substrate complex
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All of the following are associated with the process of glycolysis EXCEPT:
Substrate-level phosphorylation Production of pyruvic acid Production of NADPH Phosphorylation of glucose |
Production of NADPH
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The cellular process of linking chemical building blocks together into macromolecules is called ____________________.
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Polymerization
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A cell uses which process to create a proton gradient?
ATP production Electron transport Active transport Flagellar motion |
Electron transport
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Which of the following is temporarily formed during an enzymatic reaction?
Coenzyme Enzyme-substrate complex Proton gradient Activation energy |
Enzyme-substrate complex
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All of the following are associated with the process of glycolysis EXCEPT:
Substrate-level phosphorylation Production of pyruvic acid Production of NADPH Phosphorylation of glucose |
Production of NADPH
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The cellular process of linking chemical building blocks together into macromolecules is called ____________________.
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Polymerization
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A cell uses which process to create a proton gradient?
ATP production Electron transport Active transport Flagellar motion |
Electron transport
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