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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What 2 things allow bacteria to move?
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Flagella & Axial Filaments
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What helps bacteria attach to surfaces and serve as virulence factors?
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Fimbrea (Pilli)
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T/F
The cell membrane maintains the basic shape of the cell |
False-- Cell Wall
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Area where DNA and RNA are found in prokaryotic cells
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Nuclear Regions
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Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that they lack a defined __________ and membrane-enclosed organelles
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Nucleus
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Bacteria are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
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Prokaryotic
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Humans, fungi, and parasites are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
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Eukaryotic
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Spherical or Round in shape
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Coccus
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Rod-shaped
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Bacillus
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Squashed round cells
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Coccobacillus
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Wavy worms
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Spirilium
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Cork-screw shaped
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Spirochete
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Phagocytosis means:
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Engulfing
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Cell wall is made of ___________
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Peptidoglycan
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What structure holds the internal structures in place?
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Cell Membrane
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What structure is used for attachment?
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Pilus (pili)
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What structure is primarily for motility?
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Flagellum
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What structure contains genetic material?
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Chromosome
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What structures translates RNA into protein?
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Ribosomes
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What type of bacteria is composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan (murein) and has a color of purple?
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Gram-positive
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What type of bacteria have an outer membrane that dissolves in the presence of alcohol and has a color of pink? The outer layer is called ___________
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Gram-negative; Lipopolysaccharide
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What type of bacteria has no color, the lipid layer is waxy, and has no color? The genus of this bacteria is ____________
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Acid-fast; Mycobacterium
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The ____________ is found primarily in Gram negative MOs
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Outer Membrane
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______________is an important part of the outer bacterial membrane
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Lipolpolysaccharide (LPS)
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Why do we gram stain? (2 reasons)
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-It shows how bacteria are categorized (Gram positive, Gram negative, and Acid-fast)
-It allows us to see chemical differences in cell wall |
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Gram Negative is also known as an ______________
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Endotoxin
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T/F
People who have a Gram Negative infection can get worse because of the antibiotic |
True (kills cells and releases the toxins)
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The Outer Membrane consists of _________ and __________
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Polysaccharides and Lipid A
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The Periplasmic Space is a gap between the cell ________ and the cell _______
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Wall and Membrane
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What contains many digestive enzymes and transports proteins that destroy harmful substances, then transport metabolites into the cytoplasm called?
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Periplasmic Space
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The Periplasmic Space is in the Gram _________ spaces only
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Negative
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Basic Functions:
-Maintains the basic shape of the cell -Prevents the cell from bursting due to osmotic shock -Found in almost all bacteria |
Cell Wall
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The exception that does not have a cell wall is the genus ___________
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Mycoplasma
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2 Components of the Cell Wall are ________ and __________
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Peptidoglycan and Teichoic Acid
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What is the main function of the cell membrane?
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Regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
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The semi-fluid substance inside the bacterial cell is the _____________
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Cytoplasm
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An area where most of the DNA and some of the RNA are found
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Nuclear Regions
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Granules an Vesicles make up this part of the prokaryotic cell:
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Inclusions
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Endospores are only found in the genus _________ and ___________
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Clostridium and Bacillus
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Bacteria produce endospores when the nutrient supply drops. This state is called the ________ state
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Resting
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When conditions become more favorable for growth, the endospores can germinate and begin growing again. This state is called the __________ state
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Vegitative
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Which type of pilli is also called F(fertility) pilli or sex pilli?
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Conjugational Pilli
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Conjugated Pilli allow for the exchange of ___________ information
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Genetic
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Conjugation is critical with ____________
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Resistence
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The polysaccharide containing substance found external to the cell wall
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Glycocalyx (contains the capsule and slime layer)
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The powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced
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Mitochondria
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The site of DNA storage
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Nucleus
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The site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic photototrophs
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Chloroplasts
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The site of protein synthesis
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Ribosomes
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Contain digestive enzymes, which destroy dead cells and digest contents of vacuoles
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Lysosomes
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The site of modification and packaging of cell chemicals before secretion from the cell
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Golgi Apparatus
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Contain various stored substances and materials engulfed by phagocytosis
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Vacuoles
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Converts hydrogen peroxides to water and oxygen to prevent build up in the cell
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Perioxisomes
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Movement of substances across membranes usually occurs from a region of _________ concentration to a region of ____________ concentration
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Higher; Lower
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Bacteria that can perform photosynthesis contain chromatophores, which are membrane bound
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Internal membrane systems
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Uses protein carrier molecules or protein-lined pores in membranes to move ions or molecules from high to low concentrations across the membrane
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Facilitated Diffusion
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If you have a two percent salt solution in a beaker and a bag with a selectively permeable membrane with a five percent salt solution placed in the beaker, there is a
(higher or lower) concentration of water in the two percent solution? |
Higher--- this is a hypotonic solution
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The behavior of cells in a fluid envioronment is called:
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Tonicity
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Less solute in solution; concentration of water higher; if too much water, RBC will burst
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Hypotonic Solution
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More solute in solution; concentration of water less; if water rushes out, RBC will collapse
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Hypertonic Solution
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Equal flow in and out of RBC; no net change
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Isotonic Solution
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Moves substances across membranes from lower concentration to higher concentration and require the cell to expend energy
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Active transport
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Endocytosis means ___________
Exocytosis means ___________ |
Inside; Outside
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