Micro Chapter 16

Front 1

Mucous membranes are a part of

Back 1

innate defense

Front 2

According to the animation, B cells interact directly with

Back 2

helper T-cells

Front 3

Which of the following defense systems would be involved in fighting a viral pathogen?

Back 3

T lymphocytes

Front 4

According to the animation, antibodies interact with which innate defenses?

Back 4

phagocytes and the complement system

Front 5

Which cells directly attack abnormal cells in the body?

Back 5

cytotoxic T cells

Front 6

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen of humans. After being ingested by a macrophage, it prevents formation of the ___________ by preventing fusion of the phagosome with the ___________________.

Back 6

phagolysosome, lysosome

Front 7

In which intracellular compartment would you expect most of the digestive enzymes involved in pathogen destruction to be found?

Back 7

lysosome

Front 8

In macrophages and dendritic cells (so-called antigen-presenting cells) some small parts of the phagocytosed particle are presented to other cells of the immune system. If you were to draw an arrow leading to "antigen presentation" as described above, from which word would it extend?

Back 8

digestion

Front 9

If one is examining a blood smear from a patient with a parasitic worm infection, which of the following leukocytes would be found in increased numbers (as opposed to a blood smear from a normal patient NOT infected with worms)?

Back 9

eosinophiles

Front 10

Which of the complement pathways employs properdin?

Back 10

alternative pathway

Front 11

In the classical pathway, which of the following directly activates cellular responses?

Back 11

C3a, C5a, and C5bC6C7

Front 12

Antibodies from cellular immune responses are used in

Back 12

classical pathway

Front 13

Which of the complement pathways was discovered first?

Back 13

classical pathway

Front 14

Which of the following are functions of lectins?

Back 14

They act as opsonins for phagocytosis, they attach to carbohydrates on some bacterial and viral surfaces, and they activate C2 and C4.

Front 15

How does cytolysis occur via the complement pathway?

Back 15

formation of MAC in invading cells, killing them

Front 16

Which complement protein is used as an opsonin?

Back 16

C3b

Front 17

If a person lacked the ability to form C5, what result of complement could not occur?

Back 17

cytolysis

Front 18

If a person could not form C2, which result of complement would be affected?

Back 18

Cytolysis, chemotaxis, inflammation, and opsonization

Front 19

What complement result involves the use of phagocytes?

Back 19

chemotaxis and opsonization

Front 20

Which of the following is an event that ultimately results in activation of complement C3 by splitting it into C3a and C3b?

Back 20

interaction of mannose-binding lectin with mannose molecules on a bacterium

Front 21

Which of the following are best described as short chains of amino acids that are very stable and can have a variety of different antimicrobial activities, such as forming pores in bacterial plasma membranes and inhibiting cell wall synthesis?

Back 21

antimicrobial peptides

Front 22

______________ is/are always present in an individual's blood. However, in the absence of infection, it is in an inactive form.

Back 22

kinins

Front 23

You note that the body temperature of one of your patients is starting to increase. As a result, you can infer that all of the following may be occurring in this patient EXCEPT __________.

Back 23

dilation of blood vessels

Front 24

Which statement regarding the lymphatic system is true?

Back 24

Lymphatic capillaries possess one-way valves. These valves permit the uptake of fluid from the body but do not allow the fluid to flow back out of the capillaries into the intracellular spaces.

Front 25

A response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic Bordetella pertussis would involve what component?

Back 25

antibodies

Front 26

First line defenses have what aspect in common with each other?

Back 26

They are physical barriers against invading pathogens

Front 27

Both the innate and adaptive defenses of the immune system work to prevent

Back 27

the penetration and colonization by pathogens, and the diseases they cause.

Front 28

If a new bacterial pathogen entered a human body through an accidental needle stick, the first cell that would try to kill the pathogen would likely be

Back 28

a phagocyte

Front 29

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Back 29

mucociliary escalator intestines

Front 30

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

Back 30

cell wall

Front 31

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

Back 31

accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract

Front 32

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Back 32

they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.

Front 33

Activation of C5–C9 results in

Back 33

lysis of microbial cells

Front 34

What cellular macromolecules make up the complement pathway?

Back 34

proteins

Front 35

Based on the animation, which of the following is cleaved by C1?

Back 35

C2 and C4

Front 36

Where are the complement proteins found in the body?

Back 36

the blood serum

Front 37

Based on the animation, which of the following is responsible for cleaving C3?

Back 37

C2aC4b

Front 38

Based on the animation, which of the complement proteins can directly bind to the surface of a bacterial cell?

Back 38

C3b

Front 39

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Back 39

C3 is not involved in the classical pathway

Front 40

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Back 40

antibody synthesis

Front 41

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Back 41

mannose on the surface of microbes

Front 42

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

Back 42

vasodilation

Front 43

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

Back 43

production of antibody

Front 44

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Back 44

antigen-antibody reactions

Front 45

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Back 45

lipid-CHO complexes and C3

Front 46

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

Back 46

they are effective for long periods

Front 47

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

Back 47

production of antibodies

Front 48

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with microorganisms EXCEPT

Back 48

lysozyme

Front 49

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

Back 49

formation of phagolysosomes

Front 50

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Back 50

they produce lysozyme

Front 51

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT
a.increased phagocytic activity.
b. bacterial cell lysis.
c. opsonization.
d. interference with viral replication.
e. increased blood vessel permeability.

Back 51

interference with viral replication

Front 52

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Back 52

phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Front 53

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

Back 53

trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucous and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

Front 54

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Back 54

HCl

Front 55

Innate immunity

Back 55

is nonspecific and present at birth

Front 56

Which of the following statements about beta interferon is true?

Back 56

It acts as a signal that induces uninfected cells to produce antiviral proteins.

Front 57

Which of the following statements about innate immunity is true?

Back 57

innate immunity is present at birth

Front 58

An inflammatory response would result from which of the following?

Back 58

jellyfish sting

Front 59

If a person turns their ankle, how would one determine if damage to the tissue in the ankle has occurred?

Back 59

the ankle is red, swollen, and warm to the touch

Front 60

What is the function of inflammation in response to a burn from a hot iron?

Back 60

to repair the damages tissue

Front 61

3 parts of the complement system

Back 61

1. inflammation
2. opsonization
3. cytolysis

Front 62

alternative pathway

Back 62

activated by contact b/w complement protein and pathogen

Front 63

interferons

Back 63

alpha=leukocytes
beta=fibroblasts
gamma=NK cells(immune regulation)

Front 64

Humoral Immunity

Back 64

produced by B-cells
* recognize antigens by the antibodies on the cell surface
*mature in bone marrow
* due to antibodies

Front 65

cell mediated immunity

Back 65

produced by T-helper cells
recognize antigens by TCR's on surface
mature in thymus
Due to T-cells