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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Normalmicrobiota
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harmless bacteria found on or in our bodies. also protects the body by occupyingplaces that pathogens might occupy. |
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True pathogens
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capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses
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Opportunistic pathogens
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cause disease only when host’s defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them
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portalof entry
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the route a pathogen takes to enter a host. like the mucous membranes, skin, open wounds
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leukocidins
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toxic to white blood cells
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Virulence factors
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to invade and colonize host, may cause tissue damage, severity of disease
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Exoenzymes
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dissolve barriers, penetrate cells
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Toxigenicity
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produce toxins at the site of multiplication
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Endotoxin
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released after the cell is damaged
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Exotoxin
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toxin secreted by living bacterial cell into tissue
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Incubationperiod
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the time initial contact to first symptoms
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Prodromalstage
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vague feelings of discomfort
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Period of invasion
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multiplies at high levels; more specific signs and symptoms
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Convalescent period
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responding to the infection, symptoms decline
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Acute infection
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comes on rapidly, with severe but short-lived effects
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Chronic infections
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progress and persist over a long period of time |
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Septicemia
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microbes multiplying in blood, present in large numbers
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Bacteremia
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small numbers of bacteria present in blood not necessarily multiplying
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Viremia
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small number of viruses present not necessarily multiplying
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Asymptomatic (subclinical) infections
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infected, but host shows few signs of disease
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Latency
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the microbe is hidden and can become active and produce a recurring disease
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Reservoir
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primary habitat of pathogen in the natural world Human or animal carrier, soil, water, plants
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Source
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individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired
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Directtransmission
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through the bite, saliva, scratch, etc of the infected animal.
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Vectortransmission
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insects or ticks transmit disease through saliva glands
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Biologicalvectors
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actively participate in a pathogen’s life cycle
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Mechanical vector
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transports microbe without being infected
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Nosocomial infection |
diseasesthat are acquired or developed during a hospital stay
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Epidemiology |
Thestudy of the frequency and distribution of disease
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Prevalence
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total number of existing cases with respect to the entire population
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Incidence
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measures the number of new cases over a certain time period, as compared with the general healthy population
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Mortality rate
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the total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease
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Morbidity rate
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number of people afflicted with a certain disease
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Endemic
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steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic area
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Sporadic
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occasional cases at irregular intervals
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Epidemic
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when prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected
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Pandemic
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epidemic across continents
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