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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a sequence of three bases in a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with a codon during protein synthesis
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anticodon
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a group of enzymes each on of which catalyzes the attachment of the correct amino acid to a tRNA
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aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
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in reference to double-stranded DNA, one strand runs 5' -> 3' and the other 3' -> 5'
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antiparallel
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a genetic element, usually circular in prokaryotes and linear in eukaryotes, carrying genes essential to cellular function
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chromosome
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a sequence of three bases in mRNA that encodes an amino acid
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codon
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nucleic acid sequences that can base-pair w/ each other
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complementary
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an enzyme found in most prokaryotes that introduces negative supercoils in DNA
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DNA gyrase
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an enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA in the 5' -> 3' direction using an antiparallel DNA strand as a template
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DNA polymerase
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the coding DNA sequences in a split gene (contrast with intron)
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exon
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a segment of DNA specifying a protein (via mRNA, a tRNA, or an rRNA
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gene
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the total complement of genes contained within a cell or a virus
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genome
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the intervening noncoding DNA sequences in a split gene (contrast with exon)
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intron
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an RNA molecule that contains the genetic information necessary to encode a particular protein
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messenger RNA, mRNA
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a group of proteins that help other proteins fold or re-fold from a partially denatured state
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molecular chaperones
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a cluster of genes whose expression is controlled by a single operator
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operon
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an unprocessed RNA molecule that is the direct product of transcription
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primary transcript
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a molecule (usually a polynucleotide) to which DNA polymerase can attach the first deoxyribonucleotide during DNA replication
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primer
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a site on DNA to which RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
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promoter
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synthesis of DNA using DNA as a template
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replication
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types of RNA found in the ribosome; some participate actively in the process of protein synthesis
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ribosomal RNA, rRNA
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a cytoplasmic particle composed of ribosomal RNA and protein, which is a central part of the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell
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ribosome
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an RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions
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ribozyme
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an enzyme that synthesizes RNA in the 5' -> 3' direction using an antiparallel DNA strand as a template
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RNA polymerase
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the conversion of a precursor RNA to its mature form
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RNA processing
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DNA synthesis yielding new double helices, each consisting of one parental and one progeny strand
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semiconservative replication
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a complex of several proteins and small RNAs that functions to remove introns and join adjacent exons to form mature mRNA in eukaryotic cells
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splicesome
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the RNA processing step by which introns are removed and exons joined
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splicing
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an enzyme that contains a short RNA template and that functions to replicate the ends (telomeres) of eukaryotic chromsomes
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telomerase
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the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template
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transcription
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an adaptor molecule used in translation that has specificity for both a particular amino acid and for one or more codons
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transfer RNA, tRNA
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the synthesis of protein using the genetic information in messenger RNA as a template
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translation
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