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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the Rickettsial disease that killed Howard Ricketts and Stanislaus Prowazak
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louse-borne typhus
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an important function of the skin
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control body temp
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which of the following is considered an important function of the skin?
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regulation of body temp
prevention of fluid loss synthesis of vitamin D produces cytokines ALL ARE CORRECT |
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the surface layer of the skin is the
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epidermis
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the member of the normal flora sometimes considered responsible for tinea versicolor is
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Malassizia spp.
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which is deemed the most serious staphylococcal skin infection
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carbuncles
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a protein associated with a more virulent form of Staphylococcus is
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coagulase
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the protein produced by S.aureus that interferes with phagocytosis is
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protein A
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the preferred habit of S.aureus is the
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nasal chamber
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which of the following normal skin flora is a small yeast?
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Malassezia spp.
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the growth of P.acnes within hair follicles, in many individuals, leads to
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acne
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the principal species of Staphylococcus found on the skin is
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epidermidis
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the bacteria that appear to maintain balance between the members of the normal flora and play a vital role in limiting colonization by pathogens are
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staphlococci
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which of the following may be added to normal media to make if more selective for staphylococci
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7.5% salt
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approximately 90% of S.aureus strains are resistant to
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penicillin
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the S.aureus PRODUCT that causes scalded skin syndrome is
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exfoliation toxin
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a frequent complication of scalded syndrome is secondary infection caused by
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Pseudomonas spp.
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in addition to S.aureus, impetigo may also involve
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S.pyogenes
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in S.pyogenes, which of the following interferes with phagocytosis?
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M protein
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which of the following is a fairly reliable method of characterizing strains of S.aureus?
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genome typing
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which of the following may aid staphylococcus in resisting phagocytosis?
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coagulase
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which of the following virulence factors used by staphylococcus puts holes in host cells?
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alpha toxin
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S.aureus clamping factor
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causes bacteria to clamp together in plasma
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which is true of MRSA?
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they have R plasids (AND) they may be sensitive to Synercid
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the causative agent of Lyme disease is
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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the unique characteristic of Lyme disease is
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erythema migrans
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he stage of Lyme disease that is characterized by arthritis is the
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Third
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the most important vector of Lyme disease in the eastern U.S. is
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Ixodes scapularis
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which of the following pertains to Borrelia burgdorferi?
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spirochete
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in which of the following does a rash start on the palms and soles and progress toward the trunk?
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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the major vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the western U.S. is
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Dermacentor andersoni
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever is an example of
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zoonosis
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after being bitten by infected tick, transfer of the rickettsial organism occurs
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with 4-10 minutes
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which of the following is an obligate intracellular parasite?
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Rickettsia spp.
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reactivation of chickenpox is called
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shingles AND herpes zoster
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the childhood disease that damages the body defenses and is frequently complicated secondary infections involving, primarily, Gram-positive cocci is
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measles
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the rubeola virus contains
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single-strained RNA
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rubella,rubeola, and varicella-zoster are all acquired via
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respiratory route
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an important diagnostic sign of measles is
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Koplik's spots
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the preferred host of Ixodes scapularis is the
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white-footed mouse
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the growth stage of the vector that is mainly responsible for transmitting Lyme disease is
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nymph stage
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many childhood disease caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract can causally be diagnosed by
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inspection of the rash
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a common viral rash of childhood with the popular name chicken pox is also known as
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varicella
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the varicella virus is a member of which virus family?
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herpes
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the MMR vaccine is used to protect against
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measles,mumps, rubella
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the most serious consequence of rubella is
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birth defects
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rubella is a member of which virus family?
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togavirus
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warts are caused by
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papillomavirus
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the skin-invading molds belong to the genera
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Epidermophyton, Microsporum, AND Trichophyton
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diphtheroids are responsible for body odor
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true
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coagulase-positive S.aureus is often involved in disease
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true
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Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete with a number of axial filaments
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true
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Varicella is a member of the herpes family of viruses and produces a latent infection
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true
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humans are the only reservoir for varicella-zoster
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true
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complications of measles may include pneumonia and encephalitis
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true
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chickenpox and measles are both acquired by the respiratory route
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true
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the MMR vaccine is used to protect against measles,mumps, rubella
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true
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disease caused by fungi are called mycoses
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true
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the skin-invading molds are collectively called termed dermatophyes
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true
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impetigo
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bacteria
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Lyme disease
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spirochete
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Ringworm
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fungi
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rubeola
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virus
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the normal habitat of Clostridium tetani is
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soil and dust
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the researcher who did much of the early work on Clostridium tetani was
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Kitasato
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wound healing can be slowed by the presence of
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foreign matter
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wound infections may result in
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delayed healing, abscess formation AND extension of bacteria or their products into surrounding tissues or bloodstream
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a wound created by a knife can be classified as
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incised
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the nodular, red, translucent surface material of a healing wound is called
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granulation tissue
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a localized collection of pus in a wound is termed
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abscess
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factor not found in abscesses is
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blood vessels
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microorganism in abscesses often are not killed by antimicrobial agents because
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the microorganisms stop dividing of the chemical nature of pus AND of lack of blood vessels
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an important feature of many wounds that may lead to more serious problems is that they are
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relatively anaerobic
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the most frequent genus causing wound infections in healthy people is
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Staphylococcus
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which of the following are involved in coating Staphylococcus with host protein
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clamping factor, coagulase, AND protein A
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formation of biofilms attached to fibronectin and fibrinogen coating devices like catheters and heart valves in a virulence mechanism of
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Staphylococcus
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what percent of Staphylococcus aureus infections are due to the patient's own flora?
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30%-100%
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which of the following has been associated with the flesh-eating organism?
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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S.pyogenes associated with invasive disease characteristically have
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exotoxin A (AND) exotoxin B
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which of the following produces a greenish pigment that may appear on affected wounds?
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p. aeruginosa
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which of the following virulence factors has been associated with Pseudomonas
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exoenzyme S
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the Gram-negative opportunistic rod that can grow in a wide variety of environments, including disinfectants and soaps, is
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P. aeruginosa
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a striking feature of Clostridium tetani that differentiates it from other pathogenic species of Clostridium is its ability to
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form terminally located, spherical spores
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a popular name for tetanus
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lockjaw
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the exotoxin produced by C. tetani is
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tetanospasmin
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the disease that involves the muscles and often manifests itself first with spasms of the jaw is
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tetanus
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tetanus prevents the release of neurotransmitters from
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inhibitory neurons
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tetanus vaccine contains
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inactivated tetanospasmin
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tetanus antitoxin is
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antibody against the toxin
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the toxin implicated in C. perfringens toxicity is
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alpha-toxin
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gas gangrene is so named due to the formation of
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carbon dioxide AND hydrogen
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effective treatment of gas gangrene primarily involves
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surgical removal of dead and infected tissue
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the organism that grows anaerobically in dead or damaged tissue and produces dense colonies that are the color and size of sulfur particles is
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Actinomyces israelii
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the disease most feared to develop after an animal bite is
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rabies
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the most common infectious agent acquired from the bite wounds of a number of kinds of animals is
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Bacteroides AND Staphylococcus aureus
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the most common cause of chronic lymph node enlargement at a localized body site in young children is
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cat scratch fever
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cat scratch fever is caused by
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Bartonella (Rochalimaia) henselae
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rat bite fever, characterized by fever, rash, and muscle aches, is caused by
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Streptobacillus moniliformis
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the food borne form of rat bite fever is called
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Haverhill fever
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streptobacillus moniliformis is unusual in that it
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spontaneously forms L-forms
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which of the following has NOT been associated with human bites
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Haverhill
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which of the following has been involved in causing small epidemics in the U.S.
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sporotrichosis
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the fungal disease that may be associated with sphagnum moss is
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sporotrichosis
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frequently sporotrichosis is caused when the infectious agent is introduced into the body by
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thorns
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which is the true about protein A?
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it binds to Fc region of antibody AND if hinds bacteria from phagocytes
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which is true about leukocidins?
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the kill neutrophils
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both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
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have fibronectin binding proteins
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early work with Clostridium tetani and Corynebacterium diphtheriae demonstrated
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the usefulness of vaccicnes
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alpha-toxin
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make holes in host membranes
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proveridin and pyocyanin
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green pus
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toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
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superantigen
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protein A
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binds to Fc receptors
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an abscess is a collection of pus
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true
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clamping factor, coagulase, and protein A serve to coat Staphylococcus with hostproteins
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true
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Staphylococci are the leading cause of wound infections
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true
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coagulase is a enzyme
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false
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both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes have fibronectin-binding proteins
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true
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individuals who have recovered from tetanus are not immune to the disease and must be immunized
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true
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"fleshing eating" streptococcus pyogenes is considered a newly emerging disease
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false
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tetanus antitoxin can cross the placenta
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true
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actinomycosis is a fungal disease
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false
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Streptobacillus moniliformis is unusual in that is spontaneously forms L-forms
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true
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bites by little children typically cause few problems
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true
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who determined that the cholera outbreak in 1850's London was due to contaminated water and approached the problem by removing the pump handle at the contaminated site?
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Snow
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the passage from the mouth to the anus is termed the
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alimentary canal
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collections of bacteria that adhere to the surface of the teeth are called
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dental plaque
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the most common infections disease of humans is
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dental caries
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the principal cause of dental caries is
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S. mutans
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part of the ability of S. mutans to produce dental caries depends on its ability to
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convert sucrose to lactic acids
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this mineral, typically added to drinking water, makes enamel more resistant to dissolving in acid
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fluoride
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the chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called
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periodontal disease
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H.pylori is , in part, able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce
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ammonia from urea
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H pylori appears to have some connection with
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ulcers AND stomach cancer
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where in the body does the latent, non-infectious. non-replicating form of the herpes simplex virus persist
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sensory nerves
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a painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a
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herpetic whitlow
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which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection
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acyclovir
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the viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is
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mumps
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mumps is a good candidate for elimination from the population due to
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the existence of an effective vaccine
human only reservoir absence of a latent state a single serotype ALL THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT |
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almost all bacterial intestinal infections may be attributed to
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Vibrio spp
C jejuni Salmonella spp enterobacteria ALL CHOICES ARE CORRECT |
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the initial attachment required for establishment of an intestinal infection is by
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pili
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the toxins involved in intestinal infections typically
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kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis AND modify cell physiology resulting in increased secretion of water and electrolytes
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Cholera is the classic example of a
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very severe form of diarrhea
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the diarrhea of cholera has been described as
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a rice water stool
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the symptoms of cholera infections is
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fecal contaminated material, especially water
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the primary treatment for cholera is
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simple dehydration
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shigella and cholera toxin both
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have A-B arrangement
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Shigella
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are themselves nonmotile AND may be pushed from cell to cell by actin tails
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which of the following groups contain diarrhea-causing E. coli
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enterotoxigenic
enteroinvasive enterpathogenic enterohemorrhagic ALL CHOICE ARE CORRECT |
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which group produces a toxin somewhat similar to that produced by Shigella dysenteriae?
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entrohemorrhagic
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V. cholera and most salmonellas are
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killed by acid conditions
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most cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis have an
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animal source
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the food products most commonly contaminated with salmonella strains are
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eggs and poultry
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the animals often associated with salmonella strains are
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turtles
iguanas baby chickens ducks ALL CHOICES ARE CORRECT |
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in which of these organs does a carrier of typhoid bacilli maintain the bacteria
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gallbladder
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the most notorious typhoid carrier was
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typhoid Mary
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which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic condition?
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C. jejuni
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a mysterious sequel to C. jejuni are
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chickens
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viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by
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rotavirus
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viral gastroenteritis that effects people of all ages and usually lasts less then 3 days is
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norovirus
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the most common chronic blood-borne infection is the U.S. is
|
hepatitis C
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hepatitis A spreads via
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the fecal-oral route
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HBV is mainly spread by
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blood, blood products AND semen
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protozoan infections are typically spread by
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the fecal-oral route
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|
|
the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the U.S. is
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giardiasis
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giardiasis may be contracted from
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another person, clear mountain water streams AND chlorinated city water
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|
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C. parvum may infect
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dogs
pigs cattle humans ALL CHOICE ARE CORRECT |
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most North American outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanenis have been associated with
|
imported leafy vegetables and berries, especially raspberries
|
|
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the oocytes of Cyclospora cayetanenis
|
do not contain sporozoites when passed in the feces
|
|
|
Entamoeba histolytica
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causes amebiasis
may form cysts cysts survive passage though stomach may product a cytotoxin enzyme ALL CHOICES ARE CORRECT |
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|
amebiasis
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often causes a bloody diarrhea
|
|
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giardiasis
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protozoan
|
|
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hepatitis C
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viral
|
|
|
salmonellosis
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bacterial
|
|
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gastritis
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bacterial
|
|
|
dental caries
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bacterial
|
|
|
cryptosporidiosis
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protozoan
|
|
|
the bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries is streptococcus mutans
|
true
|
|
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sucrose is one of the major contributors to the development of dental caries
|
true
|
|
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H. pylori appears connected to stomach cancer and ulcers
|
true
|
|
|
the saliva of asymptomatic carries of herpes simplex is commonly infectious
|
true
|
|
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the mumps virus initially infects the respiratory tract
|
true
|
|
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virulent strains of shigella typically carry a large plasmid
|
true
|
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the infectious dose of cholera is much larger then that for Shigella
|
true
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cyclospora cayetanensis has , so far, not been identified with animal source
|
true
|
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cyclosporiosis is transmissible from person to person
|
false
|
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both Giardia and C.parvum are resistant to chlorine
|
true
|
|
|
24 year old female auto tech. with fever and pain hand
|
staphylococcus aureus
fever,wound with oozing pus diarrhea and vomiting toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
27 year old female with rash
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Lyme disease
working in Wisconsin wood, bull's eye rash abx tx with ampicillin and ceftriaxone or erythromycin, monitor long tern cardiac and joint problems |
|
|
5 year male with fever and sore throat
|
streptococcal pharyngitis,pus on tonsil
C&S from throat swab,rapid strep pcn or erythromycin for 10 days clinical picture, pus on tonsils and pharynx,fever |
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22 month female with runny nose, hoarse cough, fever
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adenviral pharyngitis, croup
no,strep test neg and overall picture indicates viral viral disease, little or no pus on pharynx, good response to warm vapor more vapor tx, decongestant, analgesic, |
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68 year old male with lethargic and shallow complexion, fever increased resp rate.
|
bacterial pneumonia caused by Klebsiella
sputum would show Gram-neg yes,damage to lungs and heavily consolidated inflammation would lead to obstructive changes bacterial,warrants use of abx(aminoglycosides) |
|
|
35 year old male with steady pain mid line abdomen after meals
|
gastric ulcer, occult bleeding, position of pain
H. pylori bismuth compounds and abx tx, monitor bleeding tx includes endoscopy |
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the oily secretion that lubricates the hair follicles of the skin is
|
sebum
|
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the secretions of the sweat and sebaceous glands provide_______to the microbiota
|
water
amino acids lipids ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CHOICES |
|
|
the antimicrobial aspects of the skin are
|
dryness
saltiness acidity toxicity ALL CHOICES ARE CORRECT |
|
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which of the following organisms is not normally found on the skin?
|
Candida spp
|
|
|
diphtheroids
|
are part of the normal flora, are responsible for body odor AND P.acnes
|
