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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meniges |
Menbrane covers the brain and spinal cord CSF Between arachnoid matter and pia mater Spinal tap Blood brain barrier |
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Menigitis |
Inflamation of the meninges Nausea vomitting fever headache, stiff neck coma and death Pg2 |
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Encephilitis Meningoencephilitis |
Inflamation of the brain Inflamed brain and meningies Same symptoms as meningitis |
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Symptoms mg |
P |
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Bacterial meningitus
Meningococcal |
Neiseria meningitis (bacterial) 40% carriers Symptoms from endotoxin
Meningococcal menigitis
80% mortal untreated 9-12% w antibiotics Affects young adults and head injured |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumococcal meningitis |
Leading meningitis in US
70% carriers nosacomial
Mort 80% elder, 30% kids
Virulent- capsule
Pop: 1mon-4yo and elderly Vaccine available |
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Meningitis Haemophilus influenzae |
Influenzal meningitis Virulent : Capsule, Pop: under 4yo 1988 Hib vaccine |
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Listeria monocytogenes |
Bacterial meningitis foodborne, dairy products Pop preg women and imune suppressed, newborns |
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Tetanus |
Clostidium tetani lockjaw Gram pos rod in soil and animal waste World 1M cases/yr Umbilical cord dressed with mud feces Neurotoxin tetanospasmin Muscle spasm and contractions Death from spasms of resp and heart muscles |
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Tetanus treatment |
Vac: DPT and DTaP booster 10yrs Give toxoid and tetanus immune globulin (TIG) Debride and antibiotics If toxins attach to berve cell therapy no use |
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Botulism Gen sp. |
Clostridium botulinum Gram pos rod Endospore and anaerobic Neurotoxin (exotoxin) Prevents release of acetylcholine Pg6 |
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Botulism symptoms |
Weakness, difficulty swallowing, blurred vision in 2 days 70% mort if untreated Pressure cooker kills endospore |
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Botulism treatment |
Infant keep honey away intestinal flora established by 1yr Antitoxin given to specific toxin Toxin: botox Uses cosmetics chronic headaches cerebral palsy, MS, armpit sweating parkinson's disease |
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Endocarditis Bacterial |
(SBE) Subacute bacterial endocarditisUsually focal infection, Strep salavarius, Strep mitas Usually focal infection, Strep salavarius, Strep mitas
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Rapid destruction of heart valves (S. aureus)
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Rheumatic fever |
Type III immune complex disease Untreated: S. pyogenes throat infections 3% Sequelae infection: 1-5 weeks after infection Symptoms : fever arthritis and inflamation of heart.( permanent damage) Rare US Developing world leading cause of heart disease in young |
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Anthrax |
Gram pos rod endospores Disease of grazing animals (cattle sheep) Pop: people handle wool, animals, and hides other products
Virulent: exotoxins and capsule |
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Anthrax Treatment and |
Human disease cutaneous(black scab) ingestion, inhalation (woolworkers disease)
Vaccine for military (6.shots 18 months) Treatment: Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
Bioterror threat |
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Gas gangrene |
•Clostridium perferingens
•Gram positive rod Endospores, anaerobe •Soft tissue death, due to ischemia loss of blood, necrosis •Microbe grow on nutrient released from dead dying cells •Ferments tissue carbohydrates, produces toxins and gas |
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Plague |
Black death Yersinia pestis
MOE: rat flea bite contact with Animals, (prarie dogs squirrels) airborn (humans) |
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Types of plague |
Bubonic: bubose abscesses of lymphnodes, most common 50-75% mort if untreated
Septicemic: communicable 90%
Pneumonic: communicable 100% mortality
Streptomycin or tetracycline |
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Lyme disease |
Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochete Bacteria disease Most common tic borne disease in US Animals: dear and field mouse Vector: dear tick |
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Lymes disease stages |
1st: 75% bulls eye rash in 2 weeks aftwr bite flu like symp after rash
2nd: heart irregularities, neurological impairment, facial paralysis, menigitis and encephalitis
3rd: arthritis as early as several months and up to years after bite Requirse large dose of antibiotic Resemble later stage syphilis |
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Bacterial diseases Myocarditis Infectious mononucleosis Cytomeglovirus |
1 Coxsackie virus 2 EBV (epstiene bar virus) 3 CMV
Notes unit5
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Leprosy |
Hansens disease Mycobacterium leprae Grows in PNS and skin cells Acid fast stain (rod) 30° opt temp Found in armadillos WW millions US ~100 cases/yr |
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Leprosy Incubation |
5-15 yrs shorter in kids Found in: nasal sec, lesion fluid MOI : contact with nasal secretions or contaminated fomites |
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Lep Types |
Skin infect decrease sens, loss finger toes, necrosis of tissue
•Lepromatous: skin cells infected large disfiguering nodules severe
•Tuberculoid (neural): regions of skin loose senesation and surrounded by nodules |
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Lep treatment |
Rifampin and Sulfone
Non infectious 6-24 months Isolation no longer required |
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Aseptic meningitis |
Viral menigitis More common and milder then bacterial |
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Poliomyelitis Polio diagnosis |
Ingest>sm intest>blood>CNS
Paralasis of Resp muscle deadly
Diagnos: stools, throat test for Ag |
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Polio symp |
headache,sore throat,fever,stiff neck, also asymptemic |
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Polio vac |
Salk 1954: inject inactive ( IPV) prefered Salk 1963: tri oral polio (OPV) Attenuated danger to care givers |
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Rabies rhabdovirus Trans |
Bullet shaped Fatal encephalitis
Bite lick of infected animal, inhalation, mucosal contact |
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Rabies symptoms |
Spasms of mouth throat muscles from air draft/liquids (hydrophobia), Brain damage, death |
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Rabies Incu Diagnosis Treat |
5-8weeks Animal reservoirs : dogs cats bats foxes raccons skunks coyotes
Diagnos alive viral Ag in saliva, serum, CSF, Dead brain tissue (CPE)
Vac for humans and animals
Treat with immunol globulin (artificial pass) and vaccine (4 inject 14 days) |
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Viral encephalitis |
Eastern Equin Encephalitis (EEE) and west nile virus Mosquito vector
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Cryptococcis Cryptococcus neophormans |
Fungal memigitis Encapsulated Pigeion Unit 2 note Hdjsnwkdk |
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African sleeping sickness |
Trypanosoma Tse tse flie unit 3
CNS involvment fever, head ache, sleep, coma, death
treat: suramin, pentamidine isethionate control insect pop |
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Septicemia |
Microbial growth or toxins in blood
Sympt: fever, lower BP, O2 decrease vessel constriction, shock, death,
Focal infection Gram (+) and (-) endotoxins
Inflamed lymph vessels under the skin: known as lymphangitis Pg13 |
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Puerperal sepsis or fever |
Uterine infection, usually nosocomial, result of : birth and abortion S. pyogenes |
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Tularemia |
Rabbit fever
Francisella tularensis Highly infectios
Animal res: Rabbits, rodents, squirls rabbit lice MOE: Ingestion , cutaneous, inhalation
Treatment tetracyclin Pos bio-weapon |
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Brucellosis ( undulant fever ) |
Brucella: OIP Most common zoonotic disease Milk borne pathogen
Symp: Most subclinical, acute cases fever and chills
Diagnosis: serology test MOE: Ingestion and RT
Treat prolonged antibiotics
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Gas gangrene treatment |
Debridement, antibiotics, hyperbaric cuff or chamber |
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Animal bites |
pasteurella multicida 80% dog bites Higher infectious rate with cats |
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Cat scratch fever |
Bartonella sp Rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes |
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Lymes diagnosis and treatment |
Serological antibody test Many false pos/neg Treatment Tetracycline or doxycycline |
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Typhus |
Rickettsia sp.: OIP Biological anthropod vectors Inflammationn cause blockage of small blood vessels
Symptoms: rash, high fever, stupor,
Tratment: Tetracycline or chloramphenicol |
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Rockymountain spotted fever |
Best known rickettsial disease in the US Rash simular to measels but appear on palms and soles fever sever headache Wood and Dog tick |
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Group B streptococcus |
GBS Meningitis and neonatal sepsis Mort: 55% Normal flora vagina Pop: new borns Pregnant women screened and given before labor |
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Typhus types |
Epidemic typhus Rockymountain spotted fever |
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Epidemic typhus |
Lice ,Rickettsia sp. Disease of war filth and famine, poverty Vaccine for military
Mort rate high if not treated
Found in louse feces, and rubbed into wound when host bitten then scratches |
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Protozoan diseases
Toxoplasmosis Chagas disease Malaria |
1Toxoplasma gondii (cats 2 trypanasoma sp (Afr sleeping sic Tse tse fly 3 plasmodium sp
Unit 3
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Helminthic diseases
Schistosoniasis |
Schistosoma sp.
Disease fresh water snail intermediate Unit 3 notes |
