Micro 42-47

Front 1

Name the Clinical Presentation of
1. Adenovirus (2)
2. Rhinovirus
3. Coronavirus (2)
4. HPIV (2)
5. RSV

Back 1

1. Pharyngitis & Cnojunctivitis
2. Common cold
3. Common cold, SARS
4. Croup & Bronchitis
5. Croup (most common viral cause)

Front 2

Describe the Survival time on dry inanimate surfaces
1. Adenovirus
2. Rhinovirus
3. Cornovirus
4. RSV

Back 2

Front 3

Describe the Seasonality for the following viruses
1. Rhinoviurs
2. Coronavirus
3. Adenovirus
4. HPIV-3
5. HPIV 1 & 2
6. RSV
7. Influenza
8. Group A strp

Back 3

Rhinovirus: March -October
Adenovirus: All year long
HPIV-3: March-July
HPIV1, 2: Aug-Nov
All the rest include winter

Front 4

Name the Size, Nucleic Acid & Baltimore class for the following
1. Rhinovirus
2. Adenovirus
3. Influenzavirus
4. RSV
5. Coronavirus
6. HPIV

Back 4

1. Group IVa
2. Group I
3. Group Vb
4. Group Va
5. Group IVb
6. Group V

Front 5

For the following virus, name the assay
1. Influenza virus
2. RSV
3. HPIV 1-4
4. Adenovirus

Back 5

Front 6

Name the UPPER tract Disease (6)
LOWER tract diseases (4)

Back 6

1. Common cold, Croup, Ottis media, Sinsusitis, Epiglottis, Phayngitis
2. Whooping cough, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia

Front 7

Upper Tract vs. Lower Tract

Back 7

Upper
1. Higher O2, cooler, weaker filter, biota, larger pathogens
2. Lower 02, warmer, stronger immune response, sterile, smaller pathogens

Front 8

What causes
1. Epiglottitis
2. Whooping Cough
3. Bronchiolitis

Back 8

1. H. influezae
2. B. pertussis
3. RSV

Front 9

What causes (2)
1. Croup (2)
2. Ottis media & Sinusitis (2)
3. Common cold (2)

Back 9

1. Parainfluenzae virus & RSV
2. S. pneumoniae & H. influenzae
3. Rhinovirus & Adenovirus

Front 10

Name the agents that causes phayngitis
1. ++++
2. ++ (3)
3. + (4)
4. least important (4)

Back 10

Front 11

Name the FIVE infections that cause Bronchitis

Back 11

Parainfluenzae virus, RSV, Influenzae virus, M. pneumoniae & C. pneumoniae

Front 12

What does the mucus contain (5)
What enzymes are produced in the URT (3)

Back 12

Front 13

Compare LOWER & UPPER respiratory tracts across
1. Temp
2. Area
3. Epithelium
4. Antibodies
5. Size of pathogen

Back 13

Front 14

Mucus
1. Yellow indicatres
2. Green
3. Red

Back 14

1. Staph
2. Pseudomonas
3. Blood

Front 15

Rule of thumb of Frank vs. Secondary pathgones

Back 15

1. Profession/Frank/Overt - Viral
2. Secondary/oppurtunistic- Bacterial

Front 16

PREDISPOSING factors for microbial pathogenesis (6)

Back 16

Damage to host EPITHELIUM
Presence of FOREIGN body
Disruption of normal flora d/t ANTIBIOTIC therapy
Damaged/Deffecient IMMUNE defences
Drug/Radiation SUPPRESSION of immune sytem
Normal Bacterial in ABNORMAL places

Front 17

EXOGENOUS Transmission
1. Normally
2. Small droplets vs. Dried droplets

Back 17

1. Primary Pathogen
2. Small = suspended for long time
Dried = EVen longer

Front 18

Respiratory Droplet Nuclei
1. Respiratory secretions are largely
2. Describe
3. Holds
4. Tiny flake consists of (4)
5. Flake held aloft by

Back 18

1. Mucous
2. Mucin- highly glycosalated
3. 600x weight in water
4. Dried protein, Salts, IgA & Microorganisms
5. Brownian Movement

Front 19

Endogenous infections
1. normally d/t
2 E.g.

Back 19

1. Normal Microflira
3. Enterobacteriiae or Klebseilla in RT

Front 20

Two type of exongenous Pneumonia?
Describe clinical presentation

Back 20

1. CAPS( community acquired pneumonia)
-Acute
-Subacute/Chronic
2. Nocosomia
-Acute

Front 21

What is SPUTUM (3)
Important for diagnosis of (1)

Back 21

1. From lung, thick & contains mucus
2. LOWER RT infections

Front 22

Growth media for
1. Bordetella pertussis
2. C. diptheria

Back 22

1. Bordet-Gengou
2. Tinsdale agar

Front 23

Match the virus with the Associated ATTACHMENT protein
1. Class IV Fiber protein
2. Fusion Factor
3. Spike Protein (peplomer)
4. F factor
5. G protien
5. HA (Hemgglutinin)

Back 23

1. Adenovirus
2. HPIV
3. Coronoavirus
4. HPIV
5. RSV
6. Influenza virus

Front 24

Transmission via
0. Aerosol (6)
1. Formites
2. Fecal-Oral
3. Swimming Pool
4. Self-Innoculation (2)

Back 24

0. Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, Cornovirus, RSV, HPIV & Influenzae
1. Adenovirus
2. Coronavirus
3. Adenovirus
4. Adenovirus, RSV

Front 25

Name the VIRUS, that replicates at the following SITES
1. Mucoepithelial (lytic)
2. Lamina Propria (UPPER RT)
3. Ciliated Nasal Epithelium
4. Nasalpharyngeal Epithelium
5. I
6. Adenoids (latent)

Back 25

1. Adenovirus
2. Rhinovirus
3. Coronavirus
4. RSV
5. influneze
6. Adenovirus

Front 26

Adenoviridae
1. Clinical Syndromes (2)
2. Family
3. Genus
4. NA
5. Class
6.. Capsisd

Back 26

1. Pharyngitis & Conjunctivitis
2. Adenoviridae
3. Mastadenoviridae
4. LINEAR ds DNA
5. Class I
6. Icosahedral

Front 27

ADENOVIRUS:Name the serotypes & Hemagglutination Group for
1. A
2. C
Which is the longest & has the greatest capability to agglutinate

Back 27

1. Group C

Front 28

Main types of Viral entrance into the cell (2)
Main THREE Viral exits from

Back 28

1. Membrane fusion & Receptor Mediated
2. Budding (influenza), Cytolysis (adenovirus) & Synctia w/ CPE (measles)

Front 29

Which Adenovirus Capsid is responsible for
1. Attachment & Hemagglutination
2. Made of

Back 29

1. Capsid Protien IV
2. Fiber

Front 30

Name the function of the following ADENOVIRIDAE proteinst
1. E1A (4)
2. E1B (3)
3. E3
4. E4
5. VA RNA

Back 30

1. Activated viral gene TRANSCRIPTION, Binds supressor, p105Rb promotes transformation, deregulates cell growth, & inhibits IFN
2. Binds supressor, p53 promotes transformation & Blocks apoptosis
3. Prevents TNF
4. Limits CPE
5. Inhibits IFN response

Front 31

ADENOVIRUS
1. Fiber protien role
2. Serotypes 2 & 5 have what receptor
3. Describe
4. Belonging to what family
Penton Base
5. Activity
6. Roles (3)

Back 31

1. Enables ATTACHMENT
2. CAR
3. Cell surface glycoprotien
4. IgG superfamily
5. TOXIC
6. Inhibition of mRNA synthesis, Cell Rounding & Tissue Damage

Front 32

ADENOVIRUS Illness in
1. INFANTS & Young Children (3)
2. Chidren
3. Military recruits (2)
4. Adults
5. immunocmpromised

Back 32

1. Ferbile undifferntiated infection, Pertussis-LIKE syndrome & Pneumonia
2. Pharyngoconjunctival Fever
3. ARDs & Pneumoniae
4. Phaynconjunctival fever
5. Pneumoniae

Front 33

Adenovirus
1. Most infections occur in
2. Associated w/ what other systsems (3)
3. Lytic outcome
4. Latent outcome

Back 33

1. Children <14 yrs old
2. Ocular, Respiratory & GI systems
3. Mucoepithelial Cells
4. Adenoid Cells

Front 34

Adenovirus
1. Survival Time
2. Transmission (4)

Back 34

1. 7 days - 3months
2. Aerosols, Formtis, Swimming Pools & Fingers

Front 35

Rhinovirus
1. Clincal Syndrome
2. Virus fFamily
3. Medically significant viruses (2)
4. Envelope
5. Capsid
6. NA
7. Class

Back 35

1. Common COLD
2. Picornaviridae
3. Enteroviruses & Polioviruses
4. Naked
5. Icoasahedral
6. (+) ss RNA
7. Group IVa

Front 36

FOR Rhinovirus, explain what feature allows it tobe:
1. transmissable
2. Less sesnitive to alcohol/disinfectants
3. Upper RT infection
4. High number of viral serotypes

Back 36

Front 37

Rhinovirus
1. Cell Recepteor
2. Enters via surface? On?
3. Spread
4. THREEoutcomes

Back 37

1. ICAM-1
2. Cleft/Canyon on Lamina Propria
3. Cell to Cell
4. Cell damage, Cillia immobilized & Viral Shedding

Front 38

RHINOVIRUS
1. Reservoir
2. Symptoms most sever in
3. Seasonality
4. Antigenicity

Back 38

1. Humans
2. Young children
3. Summer months
4 115 sereotypes

Front 39

RSV
1. Most likely route
2. Possible replication (2)

Back 39

1. Lacrimal & Nasolacrimal → Nose → Trachea → Lungs
2a. Independnat manner, propelled by cilliary cells, lining lacrima & respiratory mucosa
b. w/ Reinfection in adjoining cells by Snyctal contact or short range diffusion

Front 40

Coronavirus
1. Clinical symptoms (2)
2. Structure & Envelope (SE)
3. Family
4. NA
5. Baltimore Class
6. Characteristic

Back 40

1. Common Cold & SARS
2. HELICAL & Enveloped
3. Coronaviridae
4. +ss linear RNA
5. Class IVb
6. Fringe (spike proteins)

Front 41

Coronavirus S protein
1. other names (2)
2. THREE roles

Back 41

1. peplomer or spike protein
2. Tissue tropism, Attachment (to carbs) & Neutralizing antibodies (via antigenic epitopes)

Front 42

Coronavirus EPI
1. Isolation is
2. Isolated from (2)
3. Neutralizing Antibodies are? Thus?
4. Transmission via (2)
5. Survival Time

Back 42

1. DIFFICUTL
2. Humans & Animals
3. Shot-lived, thus Re-infection possible
4. Droplets & Fecal-Oral route
5. 3 hours

Front 43

Coronavirus
1. Replication at temp?
2. Where?
3. Related disease

Back 43

1. 33-34°C
2. Ciliated Nasal Epithelium
3. SARS Coronavirus

Front 44

Paramyxoviridae
1. Name 2 familes
2. 2 viruses

Back 44

1. Paramyxoviridae
HPIV
2. Pneomovirinae
RSV

Front 45

HPIV
1. Name Famile
2.Subfamily
3. Genera for 1 & 3
4. Genera for 2 & 4
5. Envelope
6. NA
7. Baltimore

Back 45

1. Paramyxoviridae
2. Paramyxovirinae
3. Respirovirus
4. Rubulavirus
5. Envelope
6. (-)ss RNA
7.Class Va

Front 46

HPIV
1. Clinical Syndrome (2)
2. Name the proteins

Back 46

1. Croup & Bronchitis
2. HN, Fusion Factor & V protein

Front 47

HPIV
1. Role of Fusion Factor (2)
2. HN (2)
V protein (fusion protein)
3. Role
4. Fxns (3)

Back 47

1. Viral Entry & Neutralizes ABs
2. H enters, N leaves
3. EVASION
4a.Prevent APOPTOSIS
b. ALTER cell cycle
c. Inhibit ds RNA signalling
d. Preven IFN biosynthesis

Front 48

Name the PEAK incidence & syndrome most commonly related to
0. Which is MEDICAL emergency
1. HPIV-3
2. HPIV-1
3. HPIV-1 & -3

Back 48

HPIV-1 Croup

Front 49

RSV
1. Family
2. Subfamily
3. Genus
4. S & E
5. NA
6. Baltimore Class

Back 49

1. Paramyxoviridae
2. Pneumovirinae
3. Pneumovirus
4. HELICAL (other is coronal) & Envelope
5. (-)ss RNA
6. Class IVa
7.

Front 50

RSV
1. Name Surface Proteins (2)
3. Difference vs. HPIV (2)

Back 50

1. Fusion factor (peplomer)
2. G glycoprtoein
3. NO HN & HELICAL

Front 51

RSV
1. Number 1 viral cause of
2. DO NOT

Back 51

1. Croup
2. VACCINATE

Front 52

Croup
1. Causes (3)
2. Usually in (2)
3. Involves
4. Distinctive

Back 52

1. RSV, HPIC, Pneumovirus
2. Infants & Young Children
3. Swelling & Narrowing of the Airway
4. Cough "barking like a seal"

Front 53

RSV Pathogenesis
1. Entry via
2. F & G protein meidate
3. F mediates
4. 1⁰ site of replication? Where in cell?
5. CPE
6. Can spread to? Time?

Back 53

1. Epithelia of Nose & eye
2. ATTACHMENT
3. Membrane fusion
4. NASOPHARYNGEAL epithelium in Cytoplasm
5. Loss of Fxn
6. Lower RT in 2-5 days

Front 54

RSV
0. ER
1, Affect in <1 yr old
2. Children
3. Older Children & Adults

Back 54

0. Bronchiolits & Pneumoniae

Front 55

RSSV
1. Clinical Outcome essentially
2. Mediated bt

Back 55

1. EXCESSIVE immune response
2. CD8+ T cells

Front 56

Influenzae
1. Resevori
2. Transmitted
3. Virus survives
4. Course
5. Epidemics duration

Back 56

1. Humans
2. Respiratory droplets
3. +/- 24 hrs
4. Self Limiting
5. 4-6 weeks

Front 57

Compare Symptoms of Flu & Cold across
1.Fever
2. Headache
3. General Malaise
4. Nasal Discharge
5. Sore Throat
6. Vomiting/Diarrhea

Back 57

Front 58

Influenzae =

Back 58

Flu

Front 59

Adult Symptoms of Flu/ Descrbe each phase
1. Incubation perida
2. Sudden (2)
3. Abrupt (5)
4. Recovery
5. Patient is contangious
6. When is the Highest Risk of 2ary Infection

Back 59

1.1-4 days, followed by Rapid onset
2. Malaise & Headache for a flew HOURS
3. Rise of FEVER, CHILLS & MYLAGIA. Loss of APPETITE & DRY cough. 3-8 days
4. 7-10days
5. Day 1 (before symptoms appear) to 12
6. 6-12 days AFTER infection

Front 60

Child Flu like symptoms
1. Same as
2. PLUS (3)
3. Often, but not always
4. In children <3yrs

Back 60

1. Adult
2. HIGH fever, Vomiting, Ottis Media
3. CROUP
4. FERBILE convulsions

Front 61

FLU complications
1. Virus Related
2. Bacteria related
3. Organ
4. Neuro symptoms

Back 61

1. 1⁰ Viral Pneumoniae
2. 2⁰ Bacterial Pneumonia (BAD)
3. Myocardial inflammaiton
4. Guillain Barre, Encephalitis & Reye's syndrome (exasperated by Aspirin)

Front 62

Influenzae B
1. Two lineages
2. Which is covered by TRIVALENT vaccine
3. Inf. B may lead to (2)
4. Responsible for what % of PEDIATRIC influenzae cases
5. Often Co infection w/

Back 62

1. Vicotria & Yamagata
2. Victoria
3. Fulimant Disease, Reye's Syndrome
4. 38
5. S. aureus

Front 63

Compare INFLUENZAES across Subtypes, Hosts, Human Epidemics, Morbidity & Mortality for the following:
1. Type A
2. Type B
3. Type C

Back 63

Front 64

Describe the Zoonotic Life cycle of Type A Influenzae

Back 64

Front 65

Name the Important N & H for Inluenza A
Most common

Back 65

N1,2 & H1,2,3 & 5
MC: H1N1

Front 66

Influenzae A HEMAGGLUTININ
0. Description (3)
1. Shape
2. % of Viral Protein
3. Main Site for
4. KEY
5. 4 subtypes
6. Role of Cellular Proteases (3)

Back 66

0. Low pH induced, Comformationallu controlled trigger for MEMBRANE FUSION
1. Rod
2. 25%
3. Neutralizing ABs
4. Highly VARIABLE
5. HA 1-3 & 5
6. Found in RT, Responsible for Cell TROPISM & Cleaves HA →Active Form

Front 67

Influenzae
1. Enters CELL via
2. Enters VESICLE
3. Leaves via

Back 67

1. Receptor mediated endocytosis
2. Membrane Fusion
3. Budding

Front 68

Neuroamindase
0.Other name
1. Human Subtypes
2. Action (3)
3. Leads to (3)
4. Function (2)
5. No Stimulation to Neutralizing ABs

Back 68

0. SIALIDASE enzyme
1. N1 & N2
2. Cleaving Receptor: Removes terminal SIALIC Acid residues
from glycoproteins/lipids
3. Viral UNCLUMPING/RELEASe & subsequent INFECTION
4. RELEASE of BUDDING irus & helps MOVE virus through MUCIN layer
5. N is IN CELL

Front 69

Influenzae Pathogenesis
0. Antibodies only triggered AFTER
1. 4 main steps
2. 3 immune responses
3. 3 less frequent outcomes

Back 69

0. First round of replication

Front 70

Influenzae Pathogenesis
0. Antibodies only triggered AFTER
1. 4 main steps
2. 3 immune responses
3. 3 less frequent outcomes

Back 70

0. First round of replication

Front 71

Compare Influenza A, B & C across
1. Severity
2. Animal Resevoir
3. Pandemics
4. Epidemics
5. Drift
6. Shift

Back 71

Front 72

Compare Drift vs. Shift across
1. Speed of Alteration
2. Location
3. Type of CHANGE
4. Seen in

Back 72

Front 73

Influenza
1. Diagnosis (3)
2. Retrospective diagnosis (4)
3. Thus

Back 73

1. Symptoms + Time of Year + Knowledge of Epidemic
2. Growth on eggs, Detection of antigens (CF, EIA & HAI), Antibody titer, RT-PCR
3. Needs to be treated immedeately

Front 74

Anti-Flu Drugs
1. Vs. Influenza A (Amantadine & Rimatidine)
2. Vs. Influenza A & B (Zanamivir & Oseltamvir (tamiflu))

Back 74

1. Inhibits uncoating by attacking M2 protien
2. Inhibits NA → Forms Useless clumps → Blocking release

Front 75

Issue with Amantadine & Rimatidine)

Back 75

1. resitance

Front 76

FDA flu TRIVALENT vaccine (USA 2011-2012) will include (3)

Back 76

1. H1N1, H3N2 & B (victoria strain)

Front 77

Inactivated Vaccine
1. Administration
2. >6months dose
3. >65 yrs old dose
Live Attenuated
4. Administration
5. Patients (3)

Back 77

1. INTRAMUSCULAR
2. Standard
3. HIGH
4. INTRANASAL
5. Healthy, NON-pregnant between 2-49 yrs old

Front 78

Name EIGHT possible BACTERIAL respiratory infections

Back 78

Front 79

Match the Bacteria with the following symptoms
1. Pharyngitis
2. Severe Pharyngitis
3. SINUSITIS, Pneumonia & Otitis Media
4. EPIGLOTTITIS, Pneumonia & Otitis Media
5. Otitis Externa
6. Chonic Bronchitis
7. Bronchopneumoniae & Lung Abscesses
8 Necroitizing Bronchial Pneumonia
9. Pneumoniae & Pontiac Fever
10 .Tuberculosis

Back 79

1. Strep. pyogenes (strep throat)
2. Coryne. diptherium (diptherium)
3. Strep pneumoniae
4. H. influenzae (does NOT cause Inlfuenzae)
5. Pseudomonas (swimmer's ear)
6. Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
7. Klebsiella pneumoniae
8. Pseudomonas in Cystic Fibrosis
9. Leigonella pneumophila (legionnaire's disease)
10 .M. tuberculosis
.

Front 80

Streptococci
1. Stain
2. Shape
3. Motile
4. Spore Forming
5. Catalase
6. Metabolism

Back 80

1. Positive Blue
2. Cocci in Chains
3. No
4. No
5. No
6. Lactose Fermenter

Front 81

Transmission
1. Droplets
2. Endogenous
3. Fresh water

Back 81

1. Strep pneumoniae, L. pneumonophilia
2. S. pneumoniae
3. Psuedomonas

Front 82

Culture
1. Blood Agar (sensitive to Bacitracin & CLEAR hemolysis)
2. Blood Agar (sensitive to optochin & GREEN hemolysis)
3. Percipitin line on ELEK test
4. Chocolate Agar
5. Charcoal Agar + Cephalosporin
6. Green & Yellow on Colorless media
7. Tuberculin Test

Back 82

1. S. pyogenes
2. S. pneumoniae
3. C. diptheriae
4. H. influenzae
5. B. pertussis (bordet-gengou)
6. Pseudomonas
7. M. tuberculosis

Front 83

Strep. pyogenes
0. Clinical Syndrome
1. Type of Strep
2. What enduced pus formation
3. Type of KAntigen
4. Proteins
5. Enzymes (3)
6. Exotoxin

Back 83

0. Strep throat (Pharyngitis)
1. Group A β Hemolytic
2 LEUKOCIDIN
3. Hyaluranic Acid
4. M protein
5. Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase & Streptolysisn
6. Pyrgoenic Exotoxin

Front 84

Strep. pneumoniae
0. Clinical Symptoms (3)
1. Type of Strep
2. Sensitive
3. Vs. S. pyogenes, missing what virulence Factors (2)

Back 84

0. SINUSITIS, Pneumonia & Otitis Media
1. α Hemolyitc
2. Taxas P sensitive
3. NO Leukocidin or Pyrogenic Exotoxins

Front 85

Epi of Strep. pneumoniae
1. Most Common causse of
2. Flora
3. Reservoir
4. Seasonality
5. Transmission

Back 85

1. COMMUNITY acquired Pneumoniae
2. Nasopharyngeal
3. NO animal or Environmental
4. Winter & Early Spring
5. Exogenous Droplets & Endogenous

Front 86

S. pneumoaiae
1. Major disease (3 facts from path)
2. Virulence Factors used (4)

Back 86

1. Pneumococcal pneumoniae (whole lobe, Ghon, IMMUNOCOMPETENT)
2. Capsule, IgA protease, Autolysin & Pneumolysin

Front 87

Describe the FOUR Properties of Pneumolysin

Back 87

Front 88

Strep pneumonia
1. Vaccine
2. Immunises vs.
3. High Risk individuals indicated for Vaccination (5)
4. Resistance

Back 88

1. Polyvalenc capsular pls vaccine
2. 23 MOST common serotypes
3. Chronic Disease, HIV, Alcoholics, YOUNG & ELDERLY
4. INCREASED

Front 89

What do you expect to see on S. pyogenes Blood Agar

Back 89

Front 90

What do you expect to see on a S. pneumoniae Blood Agar

Back 90

Front 91

Corynebacterium diptheriae
1. Clinical Symptoms
2. Type of Bacteria
3. Arrangement on Agar

Back 91

1. Severe phayngitis (diptheriae)
2. Gram +ve Rod
3. Chinese Letters

Front 92

Corynebacterium Pneumonic

Back 92

PS. ABCDEFG
PSeudomembrane

ADP-Ribolysation
Beta-Prophage
Corynebacterium
Diptheria
EF-2
Granules

Front 93

Corynebacterium
1. Name OTHER significant Corynebacterium & their roles (2 & 2)

Back 93

1. C. jeikuim -Baceteraemia, IV catheter colonizastion
2. C. minutissimum: RTI's & Wound Infection

Front 94

C. diptheriae Epi
1. Vaccine
2. Endemic in (3)

Back 94

1. Diptheria Toxoid
2. Subtropical, Tropical & Break down in infastructure

Front 95

C. diptheria PATHOGENESIS
1. Describe Organism MoA
2. Main VF
3. Genes for VF acquired via (1)
4. VF causes (3)
5. Death d/t

Back 95

1. NON-INVASIVE & does NOT enter blood stream
2. Diptheria Toxin
3. Lyosgenic Conversion
4. Inflammation, Formation of Pseudomembrane & Damage to Organs
5. Severe Pharygitis block airway -> Suffocation

Front 96

Corynebacterium diptheria Diagnoses
1. Sample used
2. Screening vua
3. Diagnosis & Investigation via
4. Black colonies present divide into (2)
5. 3 test to be done

Back 96

Picture

Front 97

Corynebacterium diptheria
1. Why is the elek test important
2. Describe the ELEK test ? When is it toxic?

Back 97

1. NO TOXIN to VIRULENCE
Picture

Front 98

Most common cause of CROUP
1. Viral
2. Bacterial

Back 98

1. RSV
2. H. influenzae

Front 99

H. inlfuenzae
1. Misnomrer

Back 99

1. DOES NOT CAUSE INFLUENZAE

Front 100

Haemophilus inlfuenzae
1. Clinical Symptoms (3)
2. Bacteria Type
3. Most common causes of (2)
4. Daignosis

Back 100

1. EPIGLOTTITIS, Ottis Media & Pneumoniae
2. Gram -ve Rod, Pleomorphic & Facultative Anaerobe
3. Bacterial Croup & Epiglottitis
4. Chocolate Agar

Front 101

H. inlfuenzae Pneumonic

Back 101

HaEMOPhilus

Epiglottitis (cherry red in children)
Meningitis
Ottis Media
Pneumoniae

Front 102

H. inlfuenzae
1. Most Invasive Serotype
2. Carried vy
3. name Virulence factors (5)

Back 102

1. Type B
2. 2-4% of Population
3. LPS, PRP Capsule, IgA prteases, Pili & Non-Pili adhesins

Front 103

H. inlfuenzae Pathogenesis
1. Ligand
2. Receptor
3. Impairs Cilliary function
4. Antiphagocytic Activity
5. Inhibit Antibody

Back 103

1. P-2 Outer Membrane Protein
2. SIALIC acid-containing Mucin Oligosaccharides
3. LPS
4. Capsule made of PRP
5. IgA proteases

Front 104

H. inlfuenzae
1. Positive for ______ase
2. Negative for ______ase
3. Culture
4. Which component is Hemin
5. Nicotineamide adenin dinucleotide (NAD)
6. Only Haemophilus species that requires

Back 104

1.Catalase
2. Coaglase
3. Chocolate Agar (blood enriched)
4. X-Factor
5. V-Factor
6. BOTH

Front 105

H. inlfuenzae
1. Vaccine
2. Given
3. Incidenc <5yers old

Back 105

1. Typ B toxoid vs. Capsule
2. 2-18 months
3. DECREASED

Front 106

Bordetella Pertussis
1. Clinical Symptoms
2. Bacteria
3. Patients
4. Important Resevoir
5. Transmission

Back 106

1. Whooping Cough (Chronic Bronchitis)
2. Small, Gram -ve, Coccobacillus
3. UNVACINATED children
4. Adults
5. Highly Communicable

Front 107

B. pertussis. Virulence Factors associated with:
1. Adhesion (3)
2. Growth & Toxin Release (3)
3. Local & Systemic Pathology (4)

Back 107

Front 108

B. pertussis Whooping cough. Describe the time course for
q. Incubation
b. Cattarhal
d. Paroxysmal
e. Convalescence

Back 108

a. 0-1 Wk
b. 1-2.5 Wks
d. 2- 4 Wks
e. $ - 8 Wks

Front 109

B. pertussis. Culture & Identification
1. Most severe in
2. Sample
3. Wny no Cotton/Throat swab
4. Agar

Back 109

1. CHILDREN
2. Nasopharyngeal swab/secretions
3. Susceptibe to DRYING
4. Bordet-Gengou (Charcoal Blood agar + Cephalosporin)

Front 110

B. pertussis PREVENTION
1. Vaccine
2. Types (2)
3. Immunity

Back 110

1. DaPT
2. Inactivated, whole cell (side effects) & Fragments of Cell (Acellular components:Fha & PT)
3. ↓ Over time

Front 111

B. pertussis
1. More severe in Children/Adults?
2. Why Vaccine given to adults?
3. Required Vaccination level to see ↓ in Casses?
Graph
4. After immunisation, cases?
5. Then started increasing because?

Back 111

1. Sever->Infant; Mild->Adult
2. Stop TRANSMISSION
3. 70%
4. ↓ Cases
5. People stopped being Vaccination

Front 112

Klebsiella pneumoniae
0. Key Symptoms
1. Clinical symptoms (2)
2. Group of Bacteria
3. Type of Bacteria (2)
4. Normally
4. FOUR virulence factors

Back 112

0. Putrid breath,w wth "RED CURRENT JELLY" sputum
1. (LIFE THREATENING) Necrotizing Bronchopneumoniae & Lung abscess
2. Enterobacteriaeceae
3. Gram -ve, Bacillus
4. 5% of health individuls
5. Aerobactin, Enterochelin, Capsule (mucoid appearance) & LPS

Front 113

K. pneumoniae
1. Role of Capusle (mucoid appearance)
2. LPS
3. Aerobactin & Enterochelin

Back 113

1. Anti-Phagocytic
2. Necrotization of Lung Tissue
3. HIGH AFFINITY IRON uptake

Front 114

K. pneumoniae .Necrotizing pneumonia
1. consists of (2)
2. Necrotizing if
3. Large % of cases are
4. Other bacteria involced could include (3)
5. Typical Patients (3)

Back 114

1. Lung Abcsesses/Aspiration Pneuomoniae
2.>1 are Parenxhyma replaced by DEBRIS
3. Polymicrobial
4. S. aueres, Anaerobes & Microaerophiles from Mouth Flora
2. Alcholics/People incubated inproperly/IV drug user
3.

Front 115

Leigonella pneuomophila
0. Targets
1. TWO clinical syndromes
2. Bacteria (4)
3. May be associated with
4. >80% d/t what Serogroup
5. STAIN

Back 115

0. Aveolar Macrophages
1. Leigonnaire's Diseas (SEVERE PNEUMONIAE & FEVER)e & Pontiac Fever
2. Gram -ve rod, Motile & NON-spore forming
3. Epidemics
4. Serogroup 1
5. Silver

Front 116

L. pneuomophila Pneumonic

Back 116

French LEGIONNAIRE w/ SILVER hemet, sitting around a CAMPFIRE w/ his IRON dagger- he is no CYSSY

Silver Stain
Charcoal Yeast Culture w/ IRON & CYSTEINCE

Front 117

L. pneuomophila
1.TRANMISSION
2. Survives
3. Type of Pathogen
4. Evasion Mechanism
5. Damage d/t

Back 117

1. Contaminated WATER SOURCe
2. ~50°C >30 mints
3. Facultative Anaerobe (in aveolar macrophage)
4. Prevent fusion of Phagosome-Lysosome
5. HOST inflammatory response

Front 118

Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Pneumonic (2)

Back 118

PSEUDOmonas AERuginiso

Pneumoniae (cystic fibrosis)
Sepsis (black lesions on skin)
External otitis (swimmer's ear)
UTI
Drug use
Diabetic Osteomyletis

AER- Aeroibic

Water Connection & BURN victims

Front 119

P. aeruginosa
1. Found
2. Most Common infection of
3. Most Common Problem in
4. Immunocompromised target

Back 119

1. Fresh water sources
2. Swimmer's Ear (Otitis Externa)
3. BURN VICTIMS
4. CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Front 120

P. aeruginosa
0. General Characterestic
1. Bacteria type (5)
2. Flagella

Back 120

0. Ubiquitous
1. Gram -ve Rods, Aerobic, highly motile w/ multiple flagella & versatile metabolism
2. Lophotrichous

Front 121

P. aeruginosa
1. Conventional agar
2. Colorless media
3. Smells like

Back 121

1. Mucoid colonies
2. Pyocyanin & Flurescein (green)
3. Grapes

Front 122

CYSTIC FIBROSIS
1. Most common genetic disorder among
2. Produce
3. Leads to
4. Life Expectancy
5. Sweat test

Back 122

1. Caucasian
2. Abdnormal Mucus
3. Obstructs Airway -> Chronic Lung Infections
4. 35 years
5. <60

Front 123

P. aeruginosa & Cystic Fibrosis
1. Clinical syndrome
2. Abnormal CF mucus
3. Chronic inflammation causes
4. infections (2)
5. Course

Back 123

1. Necrotizing Bronchial Pneumonia
2. Ready made Biofilm
3. Accumulation of WBC
4. Permenant & Highly Drug Resistant
5. FATAL

Front 124

Mycobacetium tuberculosis
1. Clinical Vignette (4)

Back 124

1. Immigrant, Weight Loss, Fever & Cour

Front 125

Ranks where in Top 10 dieases of low income countries
# 1, 2 & 3

Back 125

Front 126

M. tuberculosis Cell
0. Resistant to? Sensitive to?
1. key component in cell wall
2. Cell wall also includes (3)

Back 126

0. R- Heat & S- Drying
1. Mycolic Acid

Front 127

M. tuberculosis
1. Growth
2. Type of bacteria (4)
3. Lab growth
4. Found in (4)

Back 127

1. Long Parallel Chains "Cords"
2. Gram +ve, Aerobic, Non-Spore forming & Resists drying
3. 2-8 Weeks
4. IV users, AIDS patients, Prisons & Immigrants

Front 128

M. tuberculosis & AIDS
1. Resistance to TB dependent on, which is absence in AIDs? Which produce?
2. vs. non-AIDS patients develop?
3. in 10% complication

Back 128

1. CD4+ T Cell
2.50-70% Extra pulmonary infection
3. CNS invasion

Front 129

M. tuberculosis PATHOGENESIS
1. INTRACELLULAR survival in AVEOLAR macrophages
1. (2 & 1)
2. (2 & 3)
3. (2 & 2)
4. (1 & 1)

Back 129

1. Prevent Oxidative Burst & Phagosome-lysosome fusion (Sulfolipids)
2. Resist Lysosomal enzymes & ROS (Cell wall lipids, LAM & SOD)
3. Escape Phagosome, Persist in in Tissue (LAM & Mycolic Acid)
4. Grab IRON via High Affinity Sidephores (Exochelins)

Front 130

M. tuberculosis. DESCRIBE the following categories of Resistance
1. MDR-TB: (2)
2. XDR-TB (4)
3. TDR-TB: XDR-TB

Back 130

1. Isoniazid & Rifampin (first line)
2. Fluoroquinlone (2nd line) & ONE of: Amikacin, Capreomycin & Kanamycin
3. Resistant to ALL tested drugs

Front 131

Subacutre Lower RT infections. Name
1. Prokaryotes (3)
2. Eukaryotes (4)

Back 131

1. Mycoplasma sp., Chlamydia sp & Legionella sp.
2. Histoplasma sp, Blastomyces sp, Coccididoides sp. & Candida sp.

Front 132

Mycoplasma sp.
1. Symptoms (4)
2. Most common in
3. When do outbreaks occur
4. Diagnosis
5. Clears up by

Back 132

1. Walking Pneumonia (Cough, Fever, Headache & Malaise)
2. Children >5 yrs old - Young adults
3.Crowded institution
4. Nothing cheap, quick & simple
5. Day 18

Front 133

Chlamydophilia pneumoniae
1. Symptoms
2. Most common in (2)
3. Diagnosis

Back 133

1. Walking pneumoniae
2. Children between 5-10 yrs & 50% occurs in adults
3. Nothing cheap, simple or quic

Front 134

Name the Primary Pathogens involved in Fungal Respiratory Infections (4)
Oppurtunistic Pathogens (3)

Back 134

Front 135

All the Respirartory Fungal infections, which are
1. Primary are
2. Oppurtunistci

Back 135

1. Dimorphic
2. Monomorphic

Front 136

What RESPIRATORY fungal infection is related to the following regions:
1. Tropical Africa
2. California desert
3. Eastern US & Latin America
4. Middle & Eastern N. america
5. Southwestern US (not California), Northern Mexico, Central & South America

Back 136

1. H. capsulatum var duboisii
2. Coccidiodes immitis
3. H. capsulatum var capsultum
4. Blastomyces dermatitidis
5. Coccidiodes psadasii

Front 137

What RESPIRATORY fungal infection is related to the following:
1. Bat poop
2. Pigeon dropings

Back 137

1, H. capsulatum
2. Crytptococcus neoformans

Front 138

What RESPIRATORY fungal infection is related to the following seasons
1. Late Summer/Early Fall

Back 138

1. Cocciodes

Front 139

Primary Fungal RESPIRATORY infections
1. Acquired via
2. In immmunocompromised/ competent associated w/?
3. All are? Which means

Back 139

1. INHALATION
2. Systemic mycoses
3. Dimoprhic. Enviroment→ Moulds & Tissues → Yeast

Front 140

Primary Fungal RESPIRATORY infections Symptoms
1. Mostly
2. More severe (4)
3. Accompanied with
4. Extreme cases
5. Uncontrolled

Back 140

1. Mild fever & cough
2. Chils, malaise, fever & chest pain
3. Sputum production
4. Weight loses
5. Granulomatous lesions on skin

Front 141

mary Fungal RESPIRATORY infections Pathogenesis
1. Reach aveoli
2. Convert to
3. At respiratory mucoso

Back 141

1. Fungal spores (myceal form)
2. Yeast form
3. Colonize

Front 142

Primary Fungal RESPIRATORY infections
1. Describe virulence of P. brasilensis
2. How can H. capsulatum grow in phagosome

Back 142

1. α-(1,3) glucagon in Cell Wall
2. ↑ Phagolysomal pH & interfere w/ enzyme activity & antigen processing

Front 143

Primary Fungal RESPIRATORY infections
1. Best sample
2. Best technique
3. Stain

Back 143

1. SPUTUM
2. Direct microscopy
3. Giemasa & indirect FA stain

Front 144

For coccidiomycosis
1. Type of test
2. What TWO phase antigens will be seen?

Back 144

1. Coccidiomycosis
2. Coccidiodin (mycelial phase) & Spherulin

Front 145

What is the basis of the Exoantigen test

Back 145

1. Look for presence of SPECIFIC cell FREE ANTIGENS produced by the MYCELIAL phase

Front 146

Histoplasma capsulatum
1. Symptoms
2. Compare H.c var capsulatum vs. H. c. var duboissi across:
Symptoms, Region & Size

Back 146

1. var capsulatum
-Pulmonary & disseminated infections
Eastern US (Mississippi) & Latin America
-Thinner Cell walls & Smaller Size (2-4um)
var duboisii
-Skin & Bone lesions
-Subsaharan africa
Thicker walled & larger yeasts (8-15)

Front 147

Histoplasma capsulatum Epidemiology
1. Natural habitat? enriched with
2.Outbreaks associated w?
3. What is aerolized & onhaled

Back 147

1. Soil w/ HIGH NITROGEN, enriched by BAT or BIRD poop
2. Cave, bird roost, old buildings
3. Microconidia & Hpyhae

Front 148

Histoplasma capsulatum Cinical Presentation
1. Dependent on (2)
2. Low intensity exposure leads to
3. High intensity leads to (3)

Back 148

Front 149

Blastomyces dermatidis
1. Symptom
2. Found in
3. Outbreaks associated w.
4. region (2)
5. TWO presentation
6. similar to

Back 149

1. Blastomycosis
2. DECAYING ORGANIC matter
3. CONTACT w/ SOIL
4. Middle & Easter N. america
5. Pumonary & Extrapumonary disseminated
6. Histoplasmosis

Front 150

Coccidiodes sp.
1. Clinical Syndrome
2. Disseminated symptom
3. Inhalation of
4. Seasonality
5. C. immitis geography?
6. C. posadasii (4)

Back 150

1. Coccidiodomycosis
2. Red tender nodules on shin & right arm
3. ARTRHOCONIDIA from SOIL
4. SUMMER/Early Fall (dusty)
5. California desert
6. Desert in Southwestern USA, Northern Mexico, Central & South Americal

Front 151

Coccidiodes
1, Is the most
2. Inhalation of a few conidia →
3. 60%
4. 40% (3)

Back 151

1. VIRULENT of the human MYCOTIC pathogens
2. Primary Coccidiomycosis
3. Asymptomatic
4. Self limited flu →Secondary from or Disseminate

Front 152

Name the associated Major RESPIRATORY oppurtunitic pathogen
1. Chemotherapy (2)
2. Assisted venitalation
3. Malnutrition (2)
4. HIV
5. Neutropenia (WBC < 500)

Back 152

Front 153

Cryptococcus neofrmans
1. clinical Syndrome
2. Morphological features
3. Grows in? enriched by?
4. Transmission via
5. MOST COMMON fungal infection seen in

Back 153

1. Cryptococcosis
2. ENCAPSULATED yeast
3. Soil, Pigeon Poop
4. Inhalation of UNECAPSULATED yeast
5. AIDS patients

Front 154

Cryptococcus neofrmans Pathognenesis
1. Inhaltion triggers
2. Crytococci strong affinity for
3. Capsule detectable in (2)
4. Can oxidise
5. Prevents phagocyte

Back 154

1. Production of GXM capsule
2. CNS
3. Blood & Fluid (down regulates immune response)
4. Exogenous catecholamines → melanin
5. Prevents phagocytic oxidative damage.

Front 155

Pneumocystosis jirovecii
1. Clinical syndrome
2. MOST Common
3. Unusual characterestics (2)

Back 155

1. Pneumocystosis
2. Lacks ergosterol & difficult to grown in culture
3. SERIOUS OPPURTUNISTIC fungal illness in HIV infiltrated disease

Front 156

Aspergillus
1. Name THREE different species
2. Found in (3)
3. Outcome dependent on
4. On stain see

Back 156

1. fumigatus, flavus & niger
2. DEACYING matter, air & soil
3. Host Factors

Front 157

ASPERGILLOSIS
1. Primary form is
2. Secondary from is
Secondary Form
3. Key characerestic
4. Can cause? in?
5. Symmptoms (3)

Back 157

1. Allergic
2. Invasive:hyphae invade tissue
3. Fungal ball (aspergilloma)
4. Acute pneumoniae in Neutropenic patients
5. Deadly, invasive pneumoniae, Hemoptysis (coughing blood) & high mortality