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194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lactose formers
|
1. CEEK
2. Citrobacter 3. Enterobacter 4. E.Coli (K1 capsule most important) 5. Klebsiella |
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Non lactose formers
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6. SHYPS
7. Shigella 8. Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) 9. Proteus 10. Salmonella |
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May lack color
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11. These rascals may microscopically lack color:
12. Treponema 13. Ricksetta 14. Mycobacterium 15. Mycoplasma 16. Legionella 17. Chlamydia |
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inc. cAMP
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CAPE
19. Cholera 20. Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) 21. Pertusis (via Gi) 22. E.coli (LT enterotoxin) |
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Have Capsules [ie
are Quellung Reaction (+)]
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23. Some killers have pretty nice capsules
24. Strep. Pneumoniae 25. Klebsiella 26. HiB 27. Pseudamona Aeroginosa 28. Neisseria meningitis 29. Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen) |
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Dimorphic Fungi
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Can Also Have Both Shapes
31. Cocciodes 32. Aspergillus 33. Histoplasma 34. Blastomyces 35. Sprothrix schenkii |
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Have â Prophage
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OBED
37. O = Salmonella 38. B = Botulinum 39. E = Erythrogenic strep 40. D = Diptheria |
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Spore Forming Bacteria
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41. Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
|
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IgA Proteases
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42. Neisseria,
Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae |
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Widal Test
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43. Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags ?Motile: make H2S Non Motile: noH2S?
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Waysons Stain
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44. Yersinia
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Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
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45. Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
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Splenectomy
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46. Predisposes to septicemia
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Invasins
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47. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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Fusiform
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48. Vincents trench mouth
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S. viridans
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49. Dextran mediated adherence
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Obligate Aerobes
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50. Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
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Obligate Anaerobes
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51. Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
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Staph aureus
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52. A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
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Spirochetes
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53. Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
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Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
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54. Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
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Acid Fast Organisms
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55. Mycobacterium;
Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora |
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Pigment Producing Bacteria
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56. Serratia red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
57. Pseudomonas A piocyanin blue/green 58. Staph Aureus yellow Protein A 59. Mycobacteria photo/scoto chromogenic caritinoid yellow/orange 60. Corneybacterium D black/gray pseudomembrane plaque in throat 61. Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus black (heme) 62. E. coli irredescent green sheen |
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Bacterial Morphology
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63. Pneumococci lancet shaped diplococci
64. Neisseria kidney bean shaped diplococci 65. Camphylobacter gulls wings/comas 66. Vibrio Cholera coma shaped 67. Corneybacterium D club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod) 68. Yersinia safety pin seen in Waysons stain |
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Inclusion Bodies
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69. Rabies Negri bodies intracytoplasmic
70. Pox virus Guarnieri intracytoplasmic & acidophilic 71. CMV Owls eyes intracytoplasmic & intranuclear 72. HSV Cowdry bodies intranuclear |
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Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni
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73. Intestinal contact w/ bad water
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Schistosoma Haematolium
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74. Vesicular contact w/ bad water
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Non Human Schistosom
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75. Swimmers itch contact w/ bad water
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Clonorchichis
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76. Chinese liver fluke eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Hepatica
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77. Sheep eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Biski
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78. Giant intestinal flukes eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Paragonimus Westermani
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79. Lung fluke eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Oxidase (+)
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80. Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
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Micro Aerophilic
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81. Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
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Urease (+)
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82. All Proteus can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine
83. Ureaplasma 84. Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) 85. Cryptococcus 86. Nocardia |
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Coagulase (+)
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87. Staph A & Yersenia pestis
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Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
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88. Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP);
Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive) |
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Protozoa
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89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
|
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Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
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90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)
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Haemophilus Factors
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91. X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
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All cocci are
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92. Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
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Eaton Fried Eggs
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93. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
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Mycoplasma
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94. No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria. 95. P1 protein inhs ciliary action 96. Fried egg colonies 97. Atypical pneumonia young adults
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Sabrands
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98. Fungal media
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Malassazia furfur
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99. Spaghetti & meat ball
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Measles 3Cs
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100. Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia 101. May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
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Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
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102. B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens
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Bloody diarrhea agents
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103. EIEC EHEC Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica Entaemeba histolytica Salmonella Campylobacter jejuni
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YW-135CA
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104. N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains
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Indian Ink
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105. Cryptococcus neoformans
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Naegleria causes
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106. Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
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Need Cysteine for growth
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107. Ella likes cysteine: 108. Francisella 109. Brucella 110. Legionella 111. Pasturella
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Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)
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112. Gram (-): N. meningitidis
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Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/
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113. Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
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Endospores G(+)
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114. Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
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Multi Brain Abscess
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115. Nocardia
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Single Brain Abscess
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116. Actinomyces israelli
|
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inc. risk for Strep pneum Infection
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117. Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
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á Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive
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118. Strep. Pneumoniae
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á Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant
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119. Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
|
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Staph. Saprophyticus
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120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
|
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Staph. Epidermidis
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121. Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
|
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â Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
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122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever)) 123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
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â Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant
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124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
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EFII Ribosylation
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125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
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Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins (work via adenylate cyclase)
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126. Protective Antigen (PA) 127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages 128. Edema Factor = inc. cAMP
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Woolsorter s Disease
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129. Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin
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Grows in Rice
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130. Bacillus Cereus
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Clostridium Perfringens
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131. Double Zone â Hemolysis (test) 132. Lecithinase: á toxin = lyses RBCs 133. 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases
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Clostridium Difficile
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134. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B) 135. Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)
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Spastic Paralysis toxin
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136. Clostridium Tetani toxin
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Clostridium Botulinum
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137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
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Infant Botulinum
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138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
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Thayer Martin Agar
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139. Neisseria ID
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DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
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140. Ceftriazone
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K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
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141. Related w/ neonateal meningitis
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The As of Klebsiella
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142. Alcoholics 143. Aspiration pneumonia 144. Abscesses in the lungs
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Rice H2O Diarrhea
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145. Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
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Raw seafood intoxicaiton
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146. Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Helicobacter Txt
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147. Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
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inc. risk of P. aeroginosa infection
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148. Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis
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Contact lens infection
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149. Pseudomonas aeroginosa
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Cat Bites
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150. Pasteurella multocida
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Undulant Fever
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151. Brucella
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Bordet Gengou Agar
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152. Bordetella pertusis ID
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Lowenstein-Jensen medium
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153. M. tuberculosis ID
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Cat Scratch Disease
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154. Bartonella henselae. Lesion can resemble Kaposis sarcoma. 155. Toxoplasmosis
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Pink Eye
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156. Adenovirus (type 8)
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True Hemaphrodite
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157. Testes & Ovaries are present
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Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
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Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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159. Testicular Feminization
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HLA Genes Location
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160. 6p
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Parvovirus B19
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161. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
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Interferon MOA
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162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
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Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
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Parainfluenza Causes
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164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
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Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
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165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
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RSV
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166. Bronchiolitis in infants
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Removed tonsils, find what virus
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167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
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Bone Fever
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168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
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HbsAg
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169. Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness 170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness
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HbeAg
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171. Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease 172. Disappears before HbsAg is gone
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Anti-Hbc
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173. Present in beginning of clinical illness 174. Seen in the window phase
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Filamentous Bacteria
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175. Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
|
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Listeria contaminates
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176. Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
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Shiga like Toxin
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177. E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
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178. Group A Streptococci
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Relapsing Fever
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179. Borrelia recurrentis
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Lofflers Medium
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180. Corneybacterium diphtheriae
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Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle
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181. Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell 182. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells 183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions 184. Cell wall lacks muramic acid
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Trench Fever
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185. Rochalimaea quintana
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Spotted Fever Members
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186. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S. 187. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)
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Thrush Txt
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188. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
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Rose Bush Thorns
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189. Have Sporothrix schenckii
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Contact lens solution infection
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190. Acanthamoeba
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Filiariasis Causant
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191. Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
|
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Freshwater lake infection
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192. Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
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Reduviid bug bite
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193. Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas disease): Romanas Sign
|
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Schistosoma Haematobium causes
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194. Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
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Schistosoma Mansoni causes
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195. Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices
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Snail, intermediate host of
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196. Schistosomiasis
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Ixodes scapularis transmits
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197. Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
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Nantucket Protozoa
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198. Babesia microt
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Infection by Reduviid Bug
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199. Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas Disease
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Infection by TseTse Fly
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200. Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
|
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Infection by Sandfly
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201. Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana
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Infection by Ixodes Tick
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202. Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
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Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
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203. Malaria
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Trophozoites w/ Face-Like Appearance
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204. Giardia lamblia
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Nonseptate Hyphae
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205. Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.
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Histoplasmosis Geography
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206. Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys
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Coocidioidomycosis Geography
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207. Southwestern deserts, California
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Blastomycosis Geography
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208. States east of Mississippi River
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Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
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209. Latin America
|
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Roseola Infection, aka
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210. Exanthema Subitum: Sixth Disease (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)
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Herpangina
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211. Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
|
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Orthomyxovirus
|
212. ssRNA, enveloped virus.
213. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation 214. Influenza A & B |
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Paramyxovirus
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215. RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids
216. Mumps 217. Croup(Parainfluenza virus) 218. Rubeola(Measles virus) 219. RSV |
|
Togavirus
|
220. +ssRNA, enveloped
221. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus 222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis |
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Flaviviris
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223. Dengue Fever icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit
224. Yellow fever 225. St. Louis Encephalitis no hepatitis or hemorrhage |
|
Bunyavirus
|
226. ssRNA, enveloped
227. California Encephalitis severe bifrontal headaches 228. Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome |
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IgA Protease Activity
|
229. H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth)
230. Strep. Pneumoniae 231. N. meningitidis 232. N. gonnorhoae 233. W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa. |
|
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
|
234. Adenopathy
235. â Prophage encodes the exotoxin 236. Corneybacteria is Club shaped 237. Diphtheria 238. Elongation Factor II 239. Granules (metachromatic) |
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Only ssDNA
|
240. Parvovirus: Part of a virus
|
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Only dsRNA
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241. Reovirus, RepeatOvirus
|
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Naked RNA
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242. Naked for CPR: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
|
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2 circular DNAs
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243. Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
|
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BK
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244. Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)
|
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Hepadna, Retrovirus?
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245. No, but has reverse transcriptase
|
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Picornovirus: PERCH
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246. Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
|
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Hemorrhagic Fevers
|
221. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)
|
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Segmented viruses
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All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo
|
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Eclipse Phase
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No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell
|
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Latent Phase
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No external virus. Extracellular virus found
|
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Naked Capsid Virus
|
Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins
|
|
Enveloped Virus
|
Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein
|
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Interferon
|
Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth
|
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AIDS structural prots
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Gag, pol, env
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AIDS regulatory prots
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Tat, rev, nef
|
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AIDS gp41 env prot
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Transmembrane
|
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AIDS gp120 env prot
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Surface
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AIDS p17 gag prot
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Matrix
|
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AIDS p24 gag prot
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Capsid
|
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AIDS p7p9 gag prot
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Nucleocapsid
|
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Downey Type II cells
|
EBV
|
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Infection by Aedes Mosquito
|
Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever
|
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Hot T-Bone stEAk:
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ILs IL1 = inc. Temp: HOT ---IL2 = stimulate T cells ---IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells growth & differentiation (GM CSF) ---IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG) ---IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)
|
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ILs Secreted by CD4s
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IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma
|
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ILs Secreted by Macrophages
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IL1 & TNF á
|
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C5a
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Neutral chemotaxis. When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis
|
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C5 Convertase
|
When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a -> C5 Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b -> C5
|
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Only Richettssia not Intracellular
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Quintana
|
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Plasmodium Life Cycle
|
Sporozoites: from blood to liver ---Primary tissue schizont ---Trophozoites: in RBC ---Erythrocytic schizont ---Merozoite: ruptured RBC ---Gametozyte ---Zygote: inside the mosquito
|
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Acanthamoeba
|
Star shaped cysts
|
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Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia
|
Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos
|
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Cryptococcus Neoformans
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Monomorphic
|
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Candida
|
Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections
|
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Aspergillus Fumigatum
|
45 degree branching point, asocd w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt
|
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Cocciodes
|
Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores
|
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Histoplasma Cap
|
Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue its a yeast w/ a small neck.
|
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Blastomycosis
|
Hyphae in wild
|
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Sporothrix Schenkii
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Hypahe in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.
|
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PCP
|
Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass
|
|
Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins
|
E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis
|
|
Dermatophytes
|
Trichophyton: SHN ---Microsporium: SH ---Epidermophyton: SN ---Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss
|
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E. Histolitica
|
Trans: Cysts Dx.Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
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Giardia
|
Trans Cysts Dx.Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
|
Cryptosporidium
|
Trans Cysts Dx.Acid fast oocysts
|
|
Balantium C.
|
Trans Cysts Dx.Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
|
Trichomonas V.
|
Trans Trophozoites Dx.Motile trophozoites
|
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Vivax
|
Fever: Benign 3 degrees 48h Enlarged Host Cell
|
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Ovale
|
Fever: Benign 3 degrees 48h Oval/Jagged
|
|
Malariae
|
Fever: 4 degrees of Malarial 72hrregular Crescent
|
|
Falciparum
|
Fever: Malignant 3 degrees
|