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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sugar backgone w/ cross linked peptide side chains. Gives bacteria a rigid suport, protects against osmotic pressure
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peptidoglycan
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G+ major surface antigen with Peptidoglycan for support.
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Cell wall/ membrane
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Lipoteichoic acid in G+ cell wall induces--
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IL1 and TNF
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Site of endotoxin in G-
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Outer membrane, lipolysaccharide
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Lipid A in Outer membranes of G- induce
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TNF alpha and IL1
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Site of oxidative and transport mechanisms in bacteria
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plasma membrane
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Site of protein synthesis
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Ribosome
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Contains beta-lactamases
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Periplasm
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Space between the cytoplasmic membraen and peptidoglycan wall in G- bacteria
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Periplasm
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Protects against phagocytosis
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Capsule
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Quelling reaction
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test for capsule, if capsule is pressent the anticapsular sera will swell the capsuled bacteria
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Mediates adherance to bacteria to cell surface
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Pilus/ Fimbrae (glycoptn)
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Forms attachment between 2 bac during conjugation
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Sex pilli (glycoptn)
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Motility of the bacteria
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flagellum
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Provide resistance to dehydration, heat and chemicals via a keratin like coat with dipicolinic acid
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Spore
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Contains genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes and toxins
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Plasmid (DNA separate from rest)
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Mediate adherance to surfaces, esp foreign surfaces
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Glycocalyx
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Thick peptidoglycan layer, Lipoteichoic acid
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G+
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Thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane with endotoxin/ LPS
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G-
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6 "bugs" that dont stain well
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Treponema (too thin), Rickettsia Chalymydia and legionella (intracellular), Mycobacteria (High lipid content in cell wall req acid fast), Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
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Organisms requiring Giemsa stain
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Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, chylamydia
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Organisms requiring PAS (periodic acid schiff) stain
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Whipple Dx (stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharids)
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Ziehl Neelsen (Carbol fuschin)
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Acid fast organisms (mycobacterium)
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India ink or mucimarine
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Silver stain
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Fungi
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4 obligate aerobes
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Norcardia, pseudomonas, mycobacterium TB, bacillus
"Nagging Pests Must Breath" |
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3 obligate anaerobes
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Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
"Anaerobes Can't Breath Air" |
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antibiotic resistant to anaerobes
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aminoglycosides
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2 antibiotics effective towards anaerobes
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Metronidazole and Clindamycin
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6 encapsulated bacteria
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Strep pneumo, H influ, N. meningit, Salm, Klebsla, GBS
"Some Killers have nice shiny bodies" |
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5 catalase positive bugs
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S. aureus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Candida, E coli
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Urease positive organisms
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Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, Hyplori, Klebsiella
(PUNCH-K) |
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Protein A
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Staph Aureus
Binds Fe of Ig, prevents opsoniz and phagocytosis |
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IgA protease
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cleaves IgA
S. pneumo, Hib, Neisseria |
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M protein
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Group A streptococcus
Helps prevent phagocytosis |
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Toxins that inactivates elongation factor (EF-2)
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Diptheria toxin (cornybact dipth) and Exotoxin A (pseudomonas)
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Toxins that inactivate 60S rubosome by cleaving rRNA
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Shiga Toxin (Shigella) and Shiga Like Toxin (EHEC, O157:H7)
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Toxin that overactivates cAMP --> increased Cl- secretion in the guy and H20 efflux
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Heat LABILE toxin (ETEC-->watery diarrhea)
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Toxin that overactivates guanylate cyclase (cGMP)--> decrease reabsorption of NaCl and H20 in the guy
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Heat STABILE toxin (ETEC-->watery diarrhea and Yersenia Entercolitica -->bloody diarrhea)
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Toxin that mimics adenylate cyclase enzyme (increase cAMP)
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Edema factor (Bacillus anthracis)
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Toxin that permanently activates Gs --> overactive cAMP
-->increased Cl- secretion in gut and water efflux |
Cholera toxin (Vibrio cholerae)
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Overactiv cAMP by DISABLING Gi --> imparing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe
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Pertussis toxin (Bordetella pertussis)
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Toxin that cleaves SNARE protein required for NT release
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Tetanospasm- Clostridium Tetani
and Botulinum toxin - Clos botulinum |
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Toxin that is a phospholipase, degrade tissue and cell membranes
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Alpha toxin (Clostridium perfringens)
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Toxin that degrades cell membrane `
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Streptolysin O (strep pyo)
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Superantigen, brings MHCII and TCR in proximity to cause an overwhelmin release of IFN gamma and IL2-->shock
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Exotoxin A (Strep pyo) and TSST1 (Staph aurues)
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Transformation
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ability to take up DNA from environment
(strep pneumo, Hib, and Neisseria) |
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Conjugation
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Bacteria changing plasmid DNA
F+ plasmid has genes for conjugation |
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Transposition
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Segment of DNA can jump frome one location to another to transfer genes from plasmmid to chromosome and vice versa
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Generalized transduction
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"packaging"- lytic phage infects bacterium--> cleavage of bacterial DNA and synthesis of viarl ptns.
parths of the bacterial chromosomal DNA may become packaged into the apsid, phage infections other bacterium transferring these genes |
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specialized Transduction
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"excision" event
lsogenic phage infects the bacterium --> viral dna incorporated into the bacterial chromosome -when the phage DNA is excised, flanking bacterial genes may be excised with it -DNA is packaged into phage viral capsid, can infect another bacterium |
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G+ branching filament, aerobe, acid fast
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Nocardia
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G+ branching filament, Anaerobe, not acid fast
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Actinomyces
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G+ Rods
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Clostridium (anaerobe)
Cornybacterium Listeria Bacillus |
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G+ Cocci, Catalase +, Coagulase +
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Staph aureus
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G+ cocci, Catalase +, Coag-, Novobiocin sensitive
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S. epidermidis
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G+ cocci, Catalase +, Coagulase -, novobiocin resistent
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S Saprophyticus
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G+ "diplococci", Catalase -, Alpha hemolysis, Capsule, bile soluble, optochin sensitive
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S. pneumoniae
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G+ cocci, Catalase -, Alpha hemolytic, no capsule, optochin resistant, insoluble in bile
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Viridans strep
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G+ cocci, Catalase -, beta hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive
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Group A, S. pyogenes
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G+ cocci, Catalase -,beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
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Group B strep (Strep agalactiae)
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G+ cocci, Catalase -, no hemolysis (gamma), growth in bile and 6.5% NaCl
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Enterococcus (E faecalis)
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G+ cocci, Catalase -, gamma hemolysis, Grows in bile, NOT in 6.5% NaCl
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Non enterococcus (Strep Bovus)
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Strep pneumo is the most common cause of...
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MOPS- meningitis, otitis media (in kids), pneumonia, sinusitis
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Lancet shaped G+ diplococci
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Strep Pneumo
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Rusty sputum pneumonia
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strep pneumo
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produces CAMP factor that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
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GBS
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Lab diagnosis based on G+ rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules
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Cornybacterium diptheriae
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Grows on tellurite agar
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Cornybacterium diptheriae
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Do an Elek test for toxin
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Cornybacterium diptheriae
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blocks GABA release from renshaw cells in the spinal cord--> spastic paralysis, trismus and risus sardonicus
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Tetanus
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C dif toxins=
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Toxin a= enterotoxin- binds to brush border of gut-
Toxin B- cytotoxin- destroys the cytoskeletal structure of the entercytes-->pseudomembranous colitis |
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"actin rockets" to move from cell to cell
-characteristic tumbling motility |
Listeria monocytogenes
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mycobacteria--> pulmonary TB symptoms in COPD patients
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M. kansasii
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Triad for HUS
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anemia
thrombocytopenia acute renal failure |
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E. coli that doesnt ferment sorbitol
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EHEC
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4 A's of Klebsiella
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Aspiration pneumonia, Abscess in lung and liver, Alcoholics, diAbetics
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causes typhoid fever
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salmonella typhi
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propell themselves via actin polymerization
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shigella
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Antibiotics lengthen diarrheal illness
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salmonella
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common antecedant to guillan barre
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campylobacter jejuni
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Comma, S shaped G- grows in 42 C
oxidase + -LIKES HEAT |
Campylobacter jejuni
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3 stages of lyme dx
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1. erythema chronicum migrans, flue like symptoms
2. Neurologic (bells palsy) and cardiac (AV node block) 3. Chronic monoarthritis and migratory polyarthritis -bilateral bells palsy |
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The Yaws
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Treponema Pertenue
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Early: "the snuffles"- blood tinged nasal secretions
Late signs: Saber shins, saddle nose, CNEII deafness, hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars |
Congenitall syph
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False +'s in VDRL
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Viruses, Drugs, Rheumatic fever, Lupus and leprosy
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Bartonella
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Cat scratch
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Borrelia recurrentis
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Recurrent fever from the louse
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Brucella
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Brucellosis/undulent fever, from unpasturized dairy or animals
-problem in preggers |
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Chlamydophila psittaci
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psittacosis from parrots/birds
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coxiella burnetti
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q fever, from spores from tick feces and cattle placenta
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Erhlichiosis chaffeensis
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Ehrlichiosis from lone star tick
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Franciscella tularensis
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tularemia from rabbits, ticks, deer fly
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Leptospira
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Leptosprosis from animal urine
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Mycobacterium leprae
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leprosy from armadillos
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Pasteruella multicoa
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cellulitis and osteomyeltis from animal bites
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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Epidemic typhus from louse
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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RMSF, from dermacentor tick bite
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Rickettsia typhi
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Endemic typhus from flea
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Yersenia pestis
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Plauge from flea bites, rodents or prarie dogs
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chlamydial cell wall lacks
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muramic acid
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high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM), grown on eatons agar, only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol (req cholesterol to grow!)
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
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congenital toxoplasma gondii
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ring enhancing lesions on brain CT/MRI
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Toxoplasmosis gondii in HIV brain abscess
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Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii
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Sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and folinic acid
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Treatment for Giardia
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MEtronidazole or tinidozole
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Tx for Entamoeba
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Intestinal-->metronidazole ar tinidazole
Cyst--> iodoquinol or parathomycin |
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Tx for Trypanosoma brucei
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Suramin for blood borne dx, Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
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cyclic fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
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malaria
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48 hr cycle fever and dormant form in liver
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P. vivax/ovale
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Tx for P. vivax/ovale
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Chloroquine and primaquine (for dormant liver)
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Severe irregular fever patterns, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidnes and lungs
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P. falciparum
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Malaria w/ 72 hr cycle
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P. malariae
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Fever, hemolytic anemia, transmitted by ixodes tick, maltese cross and trophozoite ring form
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Babesia
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Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
transmitted from sand fly |
leishmania donovani
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