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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antagonism
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describing a drug combination that is less effec¬tive than when the drugs are administered alone.
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Antibiotics
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chemotherapeutic agents naturally produced by some microorganisms.
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Broad-spectrum activity drugs
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drugs that are effective
against a large variety of microorganisms |
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Competitive inhibition
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describing a situation in which a sub-stance similar to the substrate is competing for the active site of an enzyme.
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Cross-resistance
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the phenomenon in which bacteria that are resistant to a particular drug also become resistant to a similar drug.
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Efficacy
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the effectiveness of a drug
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Medium-spectrum activity drugs
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drugs that are effective against some, but not all, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)
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the lowest con-centration of an agent that kills all living organisms in a test tube.
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Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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the lowest concen-tration of an agent that prevents the growth of a selected microorganism.
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Narrow-spectrum activity drugs
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drugs that are effective only against a relatively small number of microbes, but that gener¬ally avoid destruction of the normal flora.
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Selective pressure
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process by which organisms are forced to adapt or die when exposed to antimicrobial agents.
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Selective toxicity
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in which an agent is toxic to the target microorganism but far less toxic to cells of the host
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Spectrum of activity
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the range of microorganisms against which an agent is effective
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Superinfection
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a secondary infection that occurs when
normal microflora are removed, thus allowing pathogens to colonize. |
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Synergism
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the effect produced in a relationship in which two chemicals or organisms work together to produce an effect greater than could have been achieved individually.
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Therapeutic index
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ratio comparing the drug dose that pro-duces an undesired toxic effect with the dose that produces a desired positive (therapeutic) effect
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Zone of inhibition
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area of no bacterial growth surrounding an antibiotic disk on a Kirby-Bauer plate.
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