Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Clostridium botulinum forms what?
|
Spores
|
|
|
Where does Clostridium botulinum live?
|
The soil
|
|
|
How does Clostridium botulinum spread?
|
If the spores are ingested, they germinate and produce botulinum toxin
|
|
|
What does Clostridium botulinum cause?
|
Paralysis
|
|
|
Is Clostridium botulinum an aerobe or anaerobe, and what kind?
|
It is a strict anaerobe
|
|
|
Is Clostridium botulinum gram positive or gram negative?
|
It is gram positive
|
|
|
What form does it take?
|
Rod form
|
|
|
Does the growtn of microbes in cell size?
|
No
|
|
|
What is the control of growth of microbes important for?
|
It is important for infection control and growth of industrial and biotech organisms.
|
|
|
What are the three factors that regulate microbial growth?
|
Nutrients, environmental conditions, and generation time
|
|
|
What are three organic growth factors?
|
Source of energy, vitamins (coenzymes), and osme amino acids
|
|
|
If something uses CO2 for its carbon source, what is it?
|
An autotroph
|
|
|
If something uses organic materials for its carbon source, what is it?
|
A heterotroph
|
|
|
If something uses sunlight for its energy source, what is it?
|
A phototroph
|
|
|
If something uses organic means for its energy sources, what is it?
|
A chemotroph
|
|
|
What is a saprobe?
|
An organism that lives on organic matter of dead organisms
|
|
|
What is a parasite?
|
An organism that lives on organic matter of living hosts
|
|
|
What are parasites also known as?
|
Pathogens
|
|
|
What is group translocation?
|
Lower to higher concentrations with chemical change
|
|
|
What is bulk transport?
|
endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis
|
|
|
What are psychrophiles
|
Cold loving
|
|
|
What are mesophiles
|
Moderate loving
|
|
|
What are thermophiles
|
Heat loving
|
|
|
Is listeria monocytogenes gram positive or gram negative?
|
Gram positive
|
|
|
Is listeria monocytogenes common or uncommon?
|
Common in the environment
|
|
|
Where does listeria monocytogenes live?
|
It lives in monoocytes
|
|
|
How does it move?
|
It moves intracellularly from cell to cell
|
|
|
What type of phile is it?
|
It is a psychrophile
|
|
|
What does it cause?
|
Listeriosis
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of listeriosos?
|
Fever, aches, GI or CNS symptoms
|
|
|
What can this do to pregnant woman?
|
Cause them to suffer a miscariage
|
|
|
What is aerotolerant?
|
Does not use O2 but can grow when in the presence of it.
|
|
|
What are microaerophiles?
|
They require O2 but grow only in concentrations lower than air.
|
|
|
What is commensalism?
|
A commensal benefits and the host is not harmed.
|
|
|
What are two direct methods to measure growth?
|
Plate counts and direct microscopic count
|
|
|
What are three indirect methods for measuring growth?
|
Turbidity, metabolic activity, and dry weight
|
|
|
What is the turnover number?
|
The maximum number of substrate molecules an enzyme molecule can convert to product each second.
|
|
|
Oxidoreductase
|
Oxidation reduction reactions
|
|
|
Tranferase
|
Transfer of functional groups, such as phosphates or amino acids
|
|
|
Hydrolase
|
Cleaves bonds on molecules with the addition of water (hydrolysis)
|
|
|
Lyase
|
Removal or addition of groups of atoms without hydrolysis
|
|
|
Isomerase
|
Rearrangement of atoms within a molecule
|
|
|
Ligase
|
Joining two molecules
|
|
|
Where do exoenzymes work?
|
They work outside the cell
|
|
|
Where do enzymes work?
|
They work inside the cell, usually as metabolic enzymes.
|
|
|
What do ribozymes act as?
|
They act as catalysts on specific strands of RNA by removing sections and splicing them together.
|
