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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Taxonomy
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orderly classification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships
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What are three aspects of the Archaea that are unique to them
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1. no peptidoglycan in cell wall
2. differente ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and tRNA 3. unique metabolic pathway, unique enzymes which allows survival in extreme conditions |
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Phylogeny
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Evolutionary relatedness; the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms as distinguished from the development of the individual organism
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Phenotype
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Observable or measurable traits
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Genotype
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DNA or rRNA sequencing
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Binomial Nomeclature
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Genus and Species
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Prokaryote
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cells in which the nuclear material is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
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Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
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Phylogenic Classification of prokaryotes as determined by rRNA sequencing
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What is generally the first step of the Dichotomous Key?
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Gram or Simple Stain
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What is the purpose of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology?
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To provide identification schemes based on such criteria as cell wall composition, morphology, differential staining, oxygen requirement and biochemical testing.
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DNA Fingerprinting
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used to determine the source of hospital-aquired infections.
DNA from 2 microorganisms are treated w/the same restriction enzyme and the restricting fragments (RFLPs) produced are separated by electrophoresis. Compare the number/size of the restriction fragments to see how similar the organisms are |
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Used when a microorganism cannot be cultured by conventional methods.
Used to increase the amount of microbial DNA to levels that can be tested by gel electrophoresis. If a primer for a specific microorganism is used, the presence of amplified DNA indicates that microorganism is present |
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Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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Separated DNA strands (from double-stranded DNA) from two different organisms are heated (to make sure they are separate,) then cooled, similar or same species DNA strands will bind through complementary base pairing.
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Degree of Hybridization
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In Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Several attachements = high similarity of organisms
Some attachments = not very similar No attachments = not similar |
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What is the most reliable method for confirming ID of bacteria
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DNA Probe
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DNA Chip
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Composed of DNA attached to the chip (which can hold hundreds of thousands of synthetic ss DNA sequences of bacterial species) and acts as DNA probes. Unknown DNA from a patent is separated into SS, enzymatically cut and labeled with a fluorescent dye. Tagged DNA will only bind to the complimentary DNA on the chip and confirm ID.
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Dichotomous Key
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Identification (key) based on successive questions, and each question has 2 possible answers. After answering one question, the investigator is directed to another question until an organism is ID'd.
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