Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
92. Cause of runny nose, red throat, and nasal pus
|
Rhinoviruses
|
|
93. Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses belong to picornavirus family, but the rhinoviruses differ from enteroviruses on
|
Growth at 22oC/noninvasive
|
|
94. Rhinovirus receptor in the nasal passages and upper tracheobronchial tree is
|
ICAM-1
|
|
95. Rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, RSV, metapneumovirus, and adenovirus all cause
|
Upper-respiratory infections (URIs)
|
|
96. Sinusitis, otitis, laryngitis, exacerbations of bronchitis and asthma are mostly secondary to
|
Viral URIs
|
|
97. In HEENT, Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis all cause
|
Acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis
|
|
98. AOM and sinusitis are empirically treated with amoxicillin + clavulanate. Why use clavulanate?
|
Haemophilus and Moraxella are β-lactamase producers
|
|
99. Cause of pharyngeal pain, dysphagia, fever; red throat + purulent exudate that responds to penicillin
|
Streptococcus pyogenes (aka: Group-A β-hemolytic Streptococcus = GABHS)
|
|
100. GABHS is differentiated from GBBHS by what?
|
Bacitracin sensitivity
|
|
101. Common mode of acquisition of URI due to Streptococcus pyogenes?
|
Infective droplets
|
|
102. Major virulence factor with anti-phagocytic function of Streptococcus pyogenes
|
M-protein fibrils
|
|
103. Damage in posterior pharynx and tonsils due to Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with what host response?
|
Pyogenic inflammation
|
|
104. DOC of acute bacterial pharyngitis in a pt w/ Pen allergy
|
Erythromycin > clindamycin
|
|
105. Pyogenic complication of streptococcal pharyngitis
|
Tonsillar abscess
|
|
106. Toxigenic complication of streptococcal pharyngitis
|
Scarlet fever >> TSS (rare)
|
|
107. Immunologic complication of streptococcal pharyngitis
|
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF)
|
|
108. Cause of fever, red throat + purulent exudate -pseudomembrane with lymphadenopathy, in a pt w/ questionable immunization
|
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
|
109. Gram/special stain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae should reveal
|
Gram(+) rods in palisade arrangements/metachromatic granules
|
|
110. Virulence genotype of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is acquired by
|
Transduction (phage mediated transfer of exotoxin gene)
|
|
111. Isolate on tellurite agar culture of throat swab for a cause of diphtheria is confirmed by
|
Immunodiffusion (ELEK) assay for toxin
|
|
112. Mechanism of action of exotoxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
ADP ribosylation of EF-2 (inhibits protein synthesis)
|
|
113. Damage to pharynx and cardiac myosites due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae is mediated by
|
Cytotoxicity of A-B toxin
|
|
114. Virologic Dx of URI symptoms, fever; red throat + purulent exudate; hepato-splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, in a teenager, is confirmed by
|
heterophile antibody (+)
|
|
115. Host cells preferentially infected by EBV are
|
B cells
|
|
116. EBV is biologically similar to what class of viruses?
|
herpes viruses
|
|
117. Host immune system controls the EBV infection, mediated by
|
CD8+ T lymphocytes
|
|
118. Rash occurs following which antibiotic(s) to treat infectious mononucleosis?
|
amoxicillin
|
|
119. Burkitt's lymphoma in some African population is a B-cell tumor due to oncogenesis by
|
EBV
|
|
120. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a B-cell tumor that is common in the Oriental population that consumes preserved fish, is due to oncogenesis by
|
EBV
|
|
121. Heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis syndrome is due to ?
|
CMV
|
|
122. Gram-positive bacteria that cause acute otitis media (AOM)
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
123. Gram-negative diplococci bacteria that cause AOM
|
Moraxellar catarrhalis
|
|
124. Gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria that cause AOM
|
Haemophilus influenzae
|
|
125. > 7 days of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea; purulent nasal drainage + frontal pain/tenderness is treated with
|
Amoxicillin & Clavulanate
|
|
126. DOC for acute mastoiditis in a young child is amoxicillin & clavulanate; why?
|
Same etiology as AOM
|
|
127. Cause of “seal-like barking” cough + episodic aphonia w/ symptoms of URI in a child
|
parainfluenza virus
|