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66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

A force that directs, energizes and sustains behavior

motivation

Name the three ways that motivation effects behavior

Direction


Intensity


Persistence

What is direction?

influences the choices that we make

What is intensity?

how much effort you're willing to put towards the end goal/outcome

What is persistence?

how long you're going to put forth effort towards the end goal

What are the three needs/motivating factors identified by McClelland's theory of needs?

Need for achievement, power, affiliation

What early theory uses motivators and hygiene factors to explain worker satisfaction and motivation?

Two factor theory

Use self-determination theory to explain WHY extrinsic rewards (like monetary bonuses) hurt intrinsic motivation?

People prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation

What is the premise of goal-setting theory?

Behavior is motivated by conscious choices

What are three goal characteristics that can enhance goal commitment?

Self-set, publicized, based on a person's ability

What are two person characteristics that can enhance goal commitment?

Internal locus of control


Self-efficacy

Self-set, publicized, based on a person's ability (1)

less commitment to a goal someone else made

Internal locus of control (2)

you're the captain of your ship


more committed to goals you made

Self-efficacy (2)

Belief you can achieve something


Think you can do it so you want to do it

Name the three cognitions that affect goal choice and motivation in expectancy theory.

Valence


Instrumentality


Expectancy

What is valence?

the value of the outcome that you are working towards

What is instrumentality?

perceiving whether there is a strong connection between performing and receiving the outcome

What is expectancy?

how capable you are of doing the things that would need this outcome

What are the two forms of self-regulation?

Promotion Focus and prevention focus

What is promotion focus?

approach matches to goal

What is prevention focus?

avoid mismatches to goal

What is positive reinforcement?

once you do what i want you to do, you get something cool

What is negative reinforcement?

Once you do what I want you to do, the bad thing goes away

Reinforcement...

strengthens a behavior

Punishment...

weakens a behavior

"Behavior is a function of its consequences" is the premise of what motivation theory?

reinforcement theory

How does expectancy theory complement goal-setting theory?

Explains why a person chose a goal to begin with

"People are motivated to achieve fairness" is the premise of what theory?

equity theory

According to equity theory, how do we determine equity?

We compare our ratio of outcomes/inputs relative to others

What are 5 possible reactions to perceiving inequity?

Change inputs


Change outcomes


Distort perceptions of self or others


Choose different referent


Leave the field

What three forms of perceived justice did we cover?

Distributive, procedural, interactional

"Jobs can be designed to enhance motivation" is the premise of what model?

Job Characteristics Model

Which JCM job characteristic leads to the critical psychological state of "experienced responsibility"?

autonomy

Name the three JCM job characteristics that lead to "experienced meaningfulness".

Skill variety


Task identity


Task significance

Skill variety...

the extent to which you are able to use a variety of skills in your job

Task identity...

feeling like you are able to complete a whole identifiable piece of work

Task significance...

the extent to which you feel that your work impacts other people

Adding challenges or responsibilities to a job is called what?

Job enrichment

What three alternative work arrangements did we discuss?

Flextime


Job sharing


Telecommuting

What is piece-rate pay?

if there is a quantifiable output to your work, you could be paid a set amount per widget produced.

What is merit-based pay?

based on performance appraisal ratings

What is a team/workgroup?

Two or more independent individuals working for a common goal objective

Why are groups important psychologically?

Groups establish our social identity (how we define who we are and where we fit in with others)

What is Schadenfreude?

Finding some kind of delight in seeing the out group fail or do poorly

What is role conflict?

you have one or more roles in a given group that could be somewhat in opposition to each other

What is interrole conflict?

you have roles in different groups that compete with each other

What are norms?

acceptable standards of behavior shared by group members

Why are norms important for both individuals and groups?

Norms facilitate conformity. Norms create group/organizational culture

What are two benefits for group decision-making?

More accurate decisions


Higher creativity

Name two downsides for group decision making.

More time consuming


Groupthink

What is social loafing?

The tendency of individuals to withhold effort in group settings

What are two factors that make social loafing more likely to occur in groups?

Diffusion of responsibility


Inability to identify individual contributions

What do you call a team that works together remotely via technology?

virtual teams

Name the four types of interdependence in order form least interdependent to more interdependent

Pooled/additive


Sequential


Reciprocal


Intensive

What is pooled/additive?

individuals might go out and do stuff on their own, but eventually it is pooled together

What is sequential?

work comes in at a specified point and it cycles through the team members in a predictable fashion

What is reciprocal?

work comes into the team and it goes back and forth between the team members in a predictable fashion (not just one direction)

What is intensive?

roles might be a little more interchangeable; more based on what's happening in our context

Team members' desire to remain together as a team is called what?

Team viability

Name two team inputs relating to team context

Resources and climate of trust

Name two team inputs relating to team composition

Team size and team member capabilities

What does IPOI stand for?

Inputs


Processes


Outputs


Inputs

Inputs:

team composition

Processes:

team efficacy

Outputs

performance

A team's confidence in its ability to perform its tasks is called what?

team efficacy