Metabolism And Energetics--Chapter 23

Front 1

enzyme that breaks down complex carbs into disaccharides and trisaccharides

Back 1

salivary amylase (mouth)

Front 2

True or false: all intestinal enzymes require an alkaline pH

Back 2

True

Front 3

enzyme of duodenum (small intestine) which has same functions as salivary amylase, which was deactivated by denaturation in stomach

Back 3

pancreatic alpha-amylase

Front 4

enzymes at plasma membrane border which break disaccharides into simple sugars that are then absorbed.

Back 4

maltase, sucrase, and lactase

Front 5

intestinal gas

Back 5

flatus

Front 6

True or false: intestinal enzymes do not alter indigestible carbs such as cellulose (beans), so they arrive in colon intact.

Back 6

True

Front 7

stimulated by insulin; transport of glucose in the cell dependent on presence of:

Back 7

carrier protein

Front 8

preferred for catabolism over proteins and lipids because less important as structural components of cell and tissues

Back 8

carbohydrates (glucose)

Front 9

6-carbon glucose molecule broken down into two 3-carbon molecule during glycolysis to provide needed energy

Back 9

pyruvate

Front 10

first step in glucose catabolism

Back 10

glycolysis

Front 11

anaerobic process that breaks down 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate through series of enzymatic steps

Back 11

glycolysis

Front 12

primary energy source for cells

Back 12

glucose

Front 13

reasons glucose primary energy source

Back 13

1) small, soluble molecule, easily distributed

2) provides ATP anaerobically through glycolysis

3) stored as glycogen, forms compact, insoluble granules

4) easily mobilized, breakdown (glycogenolysis) occurs quickly

Front 14

preferred substrates for catabolism and ATP production under resting conditions

Back 14

carbohydrates

Front 15

enzyme which attacks triglycerides, breaking them down into monoglycerides and fatty acids

Back 15

lingual lipase

Front 16

pancreatic enzyme secreted following release of CCK when chyme reaches duodenum

Back 16

pancreatic lipase

Front 17

break large lipid drops into tiny droplets during emulsification

Back 17

bile salts

Front 18

provides better access for pancreatic lipase

Back 18

emulsification

Front 19

small lipid-bile salt complexes

Back 19

micelles

Front 20

lipid-protein complexes that contain insoluble lipids

Back 20

lipoproteins

Front 21

lipoproteins coated with protein formed from combination of triglycerides and absorbed cholesterol, phospholipids, and other lipid-soluble materials

Back 21

chylomicrons

Front 22

enzyme contained by capillary walls, which breaks down chylomicrons and releases fatty acids and monoglycerides

Back 22

lipoprotein lipase