Met1010 Test 2

Front 1

What do you call the direct transformation from ice tovapor?

Back 1

sublimation

Front 2

What do you call the direct transformation from vapor to ice?

Back 2

deposition

Front 3

Define saturation

Back 3

Balance between rates of

evaporation & condensation

Front 4

Define vapor pressure

Back 4

that part of air pressure which isdue to water vapor

Front 5

Define saturation vapor pressure

Back 5

Vapor pressure thatwould exist at equilibrium over a flat surface of water.Depends on temperature only.

Front 6

What happens to the saturation vapor pressure as temperature increases?

Back 6

For each 10°C (roughly 20°F) temperature increase, saturation vapor pressure roughly doubles

Front 7

The saturation vapor pressure equals what otherpressure when water boils?

Back 7

Water boils when it is so hot that the saturation vaporpressure = pressure in the hot water = air pressure +small extra pressure due to weight of liquid water

Front 8

What happens to the boiling temperature as you go to higher altitudes? Why does this happen?

Back 8

water boils at al ower temperature the higher you go because there is lower air pressure at higher altitudes.

Front 9

define relative humidity

Back 9

vapor pressure / saturation vapor pressure

Front 10

If the temp and dew point temp are close in values, is the relative humidity high or low?

Back 10

high

Front 11

If the temp and dew point temp are not close in values, is the relative humidity high or low?

Back 11

low

Front 12

If the dew point temp is really low, will the air have the highest or lowest water vapor content?

Back 12

lowest

Front 13

If the dew point temp is really high, will the air have the highest or lowest water vapor content?

Back 13

highest

Front 14

What fraction of evaporation occurs over oceans?

Back 14

85% of evaporation

Front 15

How common are condensation nuclei?

Back 15

Abundant! (100’s to 10,000’s in cubic centimeter)

Front 16

What does it mean if a condensation nucleus ishygroscopic?

Back 16

Some nuclei (such as salts) are “hygroscopic”: they dissolveand allow condensation at < 100% relative humidity

Front 17

If hygroscopic condensation nuclei are present, howlow can the relative humidity be for condensation?

Back 17

can be as low as 75% relative humidity

Front 18

How does a dry haze look different from a wet haze?

Back 18

Dry haze looks blue and wet haze looks white.

Front 19

What is Radiation fog?

Back 19

(aka ground fog) infrared radiation fromground cools air next to it until condensation occurs.

Thickest at sunrise after cooling all night.

Front 20

What is Advection fog?

Back 20

warm moist air advects over coldsurface

i.e.Occurs along Pacific Coast when warm moist air fromPacific blows over cold ocean current next toCalifornia coast. Example: Fog by San Francisco’sGolden Gate Bridge

Front 21

What is Upslope Fog?

Back 21

Fog can form when air cools to saturation as itblows up the side of a mountain.

(Recall: Airdoes work as it expands into lower pressure.)

Front 22

What is Steam fog?

Back 22

Water evaporates from warm surface; warm,moist air rises; mixes with cold air above; aircools to dewpoint

Front 23

what does alto mean?

Back 23

middle

Front 24

Name the high clouds

Back 24

cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus

Front 25

Name the middle clouds

Back 25

altostratus, altocumulus

Front 26

Name the low clouds

Back 26

stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus

Front 27

Name the clouds of vertical development

Back 27

cumulus, cumulus congestus, cumulonimbus

Front 28

What type of cloud is this?

Back 28

Cirrus

Front 29

What type of cloud is this?

Back 29

cirrocumulus

Front 30

What type of cloud is this?

Back 30

altostratus

Front 31

What type of cloud is this?

Back 31

altocumulus

Front 32

What type of cloud is this?

Back 32

stratus

Front 33

What type of cloud is this?

Back 33

stratocumulus

Front 34

What type of cloud is this?

Back 34

nimbostratus

Front 35

What type of cloud is this?

Back 35

cumulus

Front 36

What type of cloud is this?

Back 36

cumulus congestus

Front 37

What type of cloud is this?

Back 37

cumulonimbus

Front 38

What type of cloud is the circular one?

Back 38

lenticular

Front 39

What type of cloud is this?

Back 39

cirrostratus

Front 40

What type of cloud is this?

Back 40

mammatus

Front 41

What do you do when you're cloud seeding?

Back 41

inject ice nuclei into cloud to encourage ice crystal process.

Front 42

what is sleet?

Back 42

Sleet (ice pellets) forms when rain freezes before reachingthe ground. Requires deep freezing layer near ground.

Front 43

what is freezing rain?

Back 43

Freezing rain is rain that freezes after reaching the ground.Requires shallow freezing layer near ground.

Front 44

How much is a trace of precipitation?

Back 44

< 0.01 inches

Front 45

What is the average sea level pressure in Millibars?

Back 45

1013 mb

Front 46

What is pressure gradient?

Back 46

(pressure difference) / distance

Front 47

Which direction does the pressure gradient force push air?

Back 47

from high to low pressure

Front 48

In Northern Hemisphere, winds spiral ____ _____ low and spiral ____ _____ high

Back 48

counter clockwise into low

clockwise out of high

Front 49

In Southern Hemisphere, winds spiral ____ _____ low and spiral ____ _____ high

Back 49

clockwise into low

counter clockwise out of high