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15 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What are the follicles of the ovaries?
spherical structure in cortex of the ovary consisting of oogonium or an oocyte and surrounding epithelial (follicular) cells (Tabers)
What are the corpora lutea of the ovaries?
Small yellow endocrine structure (Lipid Rich Luteal Cells) that develop within ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone\estrogen after the proliferation of follicular lining (granulosa and theca cells) (Tabers & CMDT OB& GYN).
what is happening in the ovary during the follicular phase?
ning of the uterus thickens with fluids and nutrients designed to nourish embryos.
If no egg is fertilized estrogen and progesterone levels decrease and the endometrium is shed causing the menstrual bleeding that can last 3-7 days.
The first part of the phase is where the pituitary slightly increases FSH production.
The growth of 3 - 30 follicles are stimulated by the FSH, each with a egg.
After the drop in hormones begin only the dominant follicle continues to grow and soon begins to produce estrogen.
What happens in the ovary during the luteal phase?
Phase follows ovulation and lasts about 14 days.
Ruptured follicle closes after egg forming corpus luteum which produces progesterone and estrogen.
Corpus luteum prepares uterus by causing thickening filling with fluids and nutrients in the case fertilization occurs.
Milk ducts begin to increase in size in response to these hormones
If there is fertilization HCG is produced maintaining corpus luteum which maintain the production of progesterone until fetus can produce its own hormones.(Notes & CMDT)
What is happening in the ovary during ovulation?
There is a surge of LH that stimulates dominant follicle to bulge from surface of ovary and rupture releasing the egg which ends this phase about 36 hrs. after the surge.
Women can experience mittelschmerz on the same side of the egg release, which can last minutes to hours.
Egg release is random between ovaries and occurs monthly.
What is happening in the uterus during menstruation?
By the end of the menstrual period all but the deep layer of endometrium is sloughed which it regenerates from in next menstrual cycle.
Proliferative phase the endometrium thickens (also follicular phase)
Luteal phase the endometrium becomes highly vascularized from progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum. late in phase endometrium produces prolactin.
Menstrual flow occurs after corpus luteum regresses and hormonal support for the endometrium is withdrawn.
What is a primary follicle?
An ovarian follicle consisting of the immature ovum enclosed in a single layer of cells.
What is a Graafian follicle?
A mature vesicular follicle of the ovary. Beginning with puberty and continuing until the menopause, except during pregnancy, a graafian follicle develops at approx. monthly intervals. Each follicle contains a nearly mature ovum (an oocyte) that, on rupture of the follicle, is discharged from the ovary, a process called ovulation.
How many tertiary follicles usually develop in the ovaries during each follicular phase?
3-30 follicles
How many graafian follicles are present during the LH surge?
1
What is the corpus albicans?
When there is no pregnency that occurs the corpus luteum begins to degenerate 4 days before next menses and is replaced with fibrous tissue forming the corpus albicans.
What is the dual role that LH and FSH play in the synthesis of estrogens?
FSH and LH cause the follicles in the ovary mature and after the mature graafian follicle releases the egg it becomes the corpus luteum which then produces estrogen and progesterone.
What role do the theca interna cells, granulosa cells, androgens and aromatase play in estrogen synthesis in the ovary?
The cells of the theca interna are the primary sourse of circualting estrogens and the high estrogen content of the follicular fluid is attributed to the granulosa cells.
Androgens is what estrogen is formed from and aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes to estrone which is one of the naturally occurring estrogens.
where in the ovary is progesterone produced?
corpus luteum
What tropic factors control the production of progesterone?
vascular endothelium growth factor as the growth of the corpus luteum depends on this factor and if the corpus luteum does not grow then it cannot secrete the progesterone