Memory Tues (Forgetting)

Front 1

Recall

Back 1

involvesreproducing information stored in memory. (Tends to be the least sensitive measure of retention)

Front 2

FreeRecall

Back 2

Involves reproducing as much info as possible in no particularorder.

Front 3

SerialRecall

Back 3

Involves reproducing info in theorder in which it was presented.

Front 4

CuedRecall

Back 4

Involves use of specific prompts(‘cues’) to aid retrieval and therefore reproduction of info

Front 5

recognition

Back 5

involves identifying correct infoamongst alternatives

-Alternativesdon’t necessarily include incorrect info, but oftendo.
-Canretrievemore infowhentested by recognitionthan recall.
-Providesmoreuseful cues that assist in locating and retrieving infofromLTM.

Front 6

relearning

Back 6

Involves learning info again that has been previously learned and stored in LTM.

-Ifinfo islearned more quickly 2nd time,it is assumedsome info mustbe retained (‘saved’)from 1st time, whetherindividual is aware or not.
-most sensitive of thethree measures of retention.

Front 7

relearning cont.

Back 7

-Takes less time than it did to learn it originally. -By ‘restudying’, a weak association regains original strength in memory.

-Called method of savings -can beused to measure amount of info‘saved’from previous learning

Front 8

Relative sensitivity of retention

Back 8

-Thesensitivityof a measure of retention refers to its ability to assess the amount ofinformation that has been stored in memory.

Front 9

Context dependent cues

Back 9

-Environmental cues in thespecific situation (‘context’) where a memory was formed that act as retrievalcues to help access the memories formed in that context.
-Includes sights, sounds,smells withinspecificsituation

Front 10

State dependent cues

Back 10

Associated with individual’s internal physiological and/orpsychological state at the time the memory was formed, and act as retrievalcues to help access those memories.

Front 11

Mnemonic devices:

Back 11

techniques for improving orenhancing memory

Front 12

Acronyms:

Back 12

pronounceable words formed fromthe first letters of a sequence of words.
EG: ANZAC, EFTPOS
(type of chunking)

Front 13

Acrostics:

Back 13

involve making verbal associations for items to be remembered by constructingphrases or sentences using the first letters of the info to be remembered.
e.g. every good boy deserves fruit’.

Front 14

Narrative chaining:

Back 14

involveslinking otherwise unrelated items to one another (‘chaining’) to form ameaningful sequence or story (‘narrative’).

Front 15

who is Elizabeth loftus

Back 15

-Researched eyewitness testimony & reconstructive nature of memory. Found that eyewitnesses similarly reconstruct memories, and testimony is not always accurate.

Front 16

Leading question:

Back 16

has content or is phrased in such a way as to suggest what answer isdesired or to lead to desired answer.

Front 17

Source confusion

Back 17

arises when true source of memoryis forgotten or when a memory is attributed to wrong source.

Front 18

Research conclusion of Elizabeth L

Back 18

Over time, info from events witnessed and events immediately after, become integrated in the reconstruction of a new distorted memory

Front 19

Conclusions about accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Back 19

-Eyewitnessmemories can be altered by post-event exposure to inaccurate info introduced during questioning.
-Eyewitnesstestimony cannot be regarded as infallible, even when witness is triesto be truthful. -Among other variables, it can be distorted by leading questions containing ‘misleading’ info.

Front 20

Loftus model of recall

Back 20

Original Experience - Integration of experience into long-term memory -Integration of new info into memory of original experience - Question asked about original experience - Recall of reconstructed memory with new info - Response to question.