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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are thought to be the three main factors that demonstrate the differences between LTM and STM?
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Capacity
Duration Encoding |
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What are the three stages of the memory process?
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Encoding
Storage Retrieval |
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How many 'chunks' of information can the STM hold?
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7 +/- 2 (5-9)
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How long does information stay in the STM before it decays if not rehearsed?
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18-30 seconds
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Does the STM or LTM encode informatiom semanticly?
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LTM
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How does the STM encode information?
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Acousticly
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Who came up with the idea of chunks?
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Miller (1956)
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Who did a study into the duration of LTM?
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Bahrick et al (1975)
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What were the findings for the LTM duration study?
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~90% recall for participants who had left school in the last 15 years
~80% recall for participants who had left school 48 years earlier |
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What two processes are very important in the MSM?
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Attention and Rehearsal
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What are the names of the three memory stores that make up the MSM?
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~Sensory memory
~Short term memory ~Long term memory |
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How has the MSM been criticised?
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~The model is oversimplified (The model lacks depth due to simplified STM)
~The model focus' too much attention on the importance of rehearsal (flashbulb memories support this argument) |
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Who provides support for the multistore model and how? |
Glazner and Cunitz (1966) using research into the primacy and recency effect. |
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Who came up with the idea that STM is active in the memory process, and what parts are there to this extended STM explanation?
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Baddeley and Hitch (1974) argue that the STM is made up of three parts, the centeral executive, Phonological loop and Visuospatial sketchpad.
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WMM stands for?
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Working memory model
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The phonological loop is split into two parts. What are the names of these two parts?
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>Phonological store (Holds speech based information)
>Articulatory control system (Inner voice) |
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What role does the Visuospatial sketchpad play in the WMM?
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Holds visual information, processes visual information and processes spatial information
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One strength of the WMM?
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It provides a more detailed explanation of STM than the MSM as it can explain performance in Baddelys F study (evidence for)
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One weakness of the WMM?
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There is not much known about the CE (central executive) and it is difficult to test and quantify
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Name three factors that affect EWT.
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>Anxiety
>Misleading information >Age of witness |
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Who did a meta analysis of studies that compared accuracy of children and adults in identifying suspects in an identity parade?
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Pozzulo and Lindsay (1998)
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What did Pozzulo and Lindsay find in their 1998 study?
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>Children under 5 were less likely to identify the correct suspect
>No significant difference in identifying between children over 5 and adults |
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Who did a lab experiment involving a weapon that showed the affect on EWT using anxiety/weapon focus?
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Loftus (1979)
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What were the findings of Loftus' Anxiety/weapon focus experiment?
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Found 49% accuracy in the no weapon (pen and grease) condition
And... Found 33% accuracy in the weapon condition (blood stained knife) |
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Who did a study into Misleading Information's affect on EWT?
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Loftus and Palmer (1974)
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How many MPH did participants guess the car was going in the Smashed and Contacted conditions? |
Smashed= 41mph Contacted= 32mph |
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What method can be used to help improve witnesses recall of an event?
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Cognitive Interview
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Who provided evidence that supported the effectiveness of the cognitive interview?
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Fisher (2002)
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How much more accurate information did the cognitive interview give over the standard police interview in Fishers 2002 meta-analysis?
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25-100%
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What three strategies can be used for memory improvement?
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>Mnemonics
>Organisation >Reversal |
