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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do we store information in LTM?
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• Encoding
• Elaborative rehearsal |
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What is Encoding?
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• Acquiring information and transforming it into memory
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What is maintenance rehearsal?
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• Maintains information but does not transfer it into LTM
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What is Elaborative Rehearsal?
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• Transfers information to LTM
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What is the Levels of Processing Theory?
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• Memory depends on how information is encoded
• Shallow processing • Deep Processing |
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What is Shallow Processing?
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• Little attention to meaning
• Poor memory |
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What is deep processing
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• Close attention to meaning
• Good memory |
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What factor aid in Encoding?
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• Imagery
• Creating connections ,cues for remembering • Self-reference effect • Generation effect • Organizing to-be-remembered information • Testing |
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What is imagery?
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• Forming visuals
• Paired associate learning |
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What is creating connections, cues for remembering?
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• Complex Sentences
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What is self-reference effect?
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• Better if you are asked to relate a word to yourself
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What is generation effect?
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• Generating it yourself rather than passively receiving it
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What is organizing to-be-remembered information?
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• Folders on your computer
• Accessing information |
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What is testing?
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• Students techniques
o Re-reading material • Testing results in better memory |
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What results in a stronger memory trace re-reading the material or being tested on the material?
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o Being tested
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What are Roediger and Karpicke known for?
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o Testing effect
o Had participants read a passage and then either recall as much as they could or reread the passage |
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What is retrieval?
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o Process of transferring information from LTM back into working memory (consciousness
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Most of our failures of memory is because of what?
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o Failure to retrieve
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What is cued-recall?
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o Cue presented to aid recall
o Increased performance over free-recall o Retrieval cues most effective when created by the person the person who uses them |
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What did Baddeley’s diving experiment show?
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o Best recall occurred when encoding and retrieval occurred in the same location
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What is state-dependent learning?
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o Learning is associated with a particular internal state
o Better memory if person’s mood at encoding matches mood during retrieval |
