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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who created the multi store model of memory? |
Atkinson and Shiffrin |
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What are the three sections of the multi store model of memory? |
Sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory. |
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What are the three ways in which information can be lost through this model? |
Decay, displacement and interference |
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What are the duration, capacity and encoding for the three sections in the MSM? |
Sensory memory: Limited capacity, limited duration and acoustically encoded. Short-term memory: Limited duration, limited capacity and multi modal encoding. Long-term memory: Unlimited duration, unlimited capacity and semantically encoded. |
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What are some positive evaluation points of the MSM? |
- Distinguishes the difference between the capacity and duration of the STM and LTM - Simple - Influential |
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What are some negative evaluation points for the MSM? |
- Simplistic - Flashbulb memory - Lab research: Lacks ecological validity |
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Case study supporting MSM? |
Patient HM, shows that ltm and stm are stored differently. Unable to recall things that have just happened showing that he was unable to move memories into his long term memory. |
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Duration of STM, study? |
Peterson and Peterson: Shown three letters and asked to count backwards in order to stop rehearsal. Considerably less letters were remembered when the time after the experiment was increased up to 18 seconds. |
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Encoding of STM, Study? |
Baddeley: Participants were split into four groups where they heard words, acoustically similar or disamiler words and semantically similar and dissimilar words. Higher recall rates in semantically similar and therefore shows that it relies on acoustics rather than meaning. |
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What did Miller find about the number of chunks that were able to be stored in the Short term memory? |
7+_2 |
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What is the main part of the WMM? |
Central executive |
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Who invented the Working Memory Model? |
Baddeley and Hitch |
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What are the slave systems called in the WMM? |
Phonological loop, episodic buffer and visio-spatial sketchpad. |
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What does the central executive do? |
It controls the information coming into the short term memory and then passes it onto the slave system that is necessary. The central executive can also take information straight from input to the long term memory, ignoring the slave systems. |
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What is the phonological loop? |
The inner ear, holds acoustic information. The phonological store and the articulatory loop. |
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What is the visio-spatial sketchpad? |
Inner eye. Sets up and manipulates mental images. |
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What is the episodic buffer and when did it come into practice? |
2000, integrates information from the difference sources. |
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Evidence supporting the WMM? |
- Complex - Explains a lot more on the STM than the other memory models. - WMM applies to real life tasks, reading and problem solving. |
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Evidence against the WMM? |
- Little evidence on the central executives job - Non comprehensive model of memory as it doesn't include the SM or LTM. - Supporting evidence by creator and therefore may be biased and not reliable. |
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Who created the cognitive interview? |
Geiselman et al. |
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What are the 4 techniques used in the cognitive interview? |
1. Context reinstatement, weather, smell. 2. Reverse order 3. Report everything 4. Change of perspective. |
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What is a negative of the cognitive interview? |
Officers would have to be re trained which would cost time and money. |
