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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
tissue stores triglycerides in the body and is unique for having minimal extracellular matrix.
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adipose
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Exocrine glands secrete their product into_____?
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ducts
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The skin is also called______?
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integument
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____ is the study of fungi
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mycology
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_____ would be considered a malignant tumor
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sarcoma
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Melanocytes are skin cells that ____?
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produce pigment
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____ pathogen would NOT be affected by an antibacterial agent
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viruses
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Reaching a conclusion as to the identity of a disease is ____
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diagnosis
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An insect transmitting a disease-causing organism from one host to another is called a ____
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vector
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Cells that produce cartilage are ___?
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chondrocytes
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Sweat is produced by eccrine glands
T or F |
true
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Adipose tissue is what type of tissue?
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loose connective tissue
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Amoebas are a form of ___?
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protozoans
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As a group, bacteria, viruses, and fungi are ___?
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microorganisms
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The study of tissue is called ___?
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histology
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___ tissue covers surfaces, cavities, and forms glands
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epithelial
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___ tissue supports and forms the framework of all parts of the body
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connective
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___ tissue contracts and produces movement
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muscle
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___ tissue conducts nerve impulses
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nervous
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What is the 3 types of epithelial tissue?
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squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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Cells arranged in a single layer are described as ___?
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simple
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Cells arranged in multiple layers are called ___?
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stratified
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Cells capable of great expansion are called ___?
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transitional
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flat and irregular cells
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squamous
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square cells
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cuboidal
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long and narrow cells
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columnar
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Types of connective tissue
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circulating connective tissue
generalized connective tissue structural connective tissue |
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___ connective tissue has fluid consistency; it's cells are suspended in a liquid matrix
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circulating
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___ connective tissue is widely distributed; supports and protects structures
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generalized
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___ connective tissue is mainly associated with the skeleton
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structural
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Types of generalized connective tissue
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loose and dense
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Types of loose connective tissue
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areolar and adipose
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___ tissue contains cells and fibers in a soft, jellylike matrix; found in thin layers, around vessels and organs, between muscles, and under the skin
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areolar
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___ tissue contains cells that are able to store large amounts of fat; is a reserve energy supply, a heat insulator, protective padding for organs and joints
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adipose
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___ connective tissue has a soft and semiliquid consistency
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loose
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___ connective tissue has many fibers that give it firmness, strength, and flexibility
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dense
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___ dense connective tissue has mostly collagenous fibers in random arrangement; makes up fibrous membranes that cover various organs
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irregular
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___ dense connective tissue has mostly collagenous fibers in a regular, parallel alignment like cables and can be pulled in one direction
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regular
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___ dense connective tissue has many elastic fibers that allow it to stretch and then return to it's original length; appears in the vocal cords, respiratory passageways, and walls of blood vessels
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elastic
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types of dense connective tissue
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irregular, regular, and elastic
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types of structural connective tissue
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cartilage and bone
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cells that produce cartilage
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chondrocytes
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___ cartilage is the tough translucent material that covers the ends of the long bones, at the tip of the nose, and along the front of the throat
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hyaline
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types of cartilage
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hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
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___ cartilage is firm and rigid, and found between the vertebrae of the spine, the anterior joints between the pubic bones of the hip, and in the knee joint
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fibrocartilage
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___ cartilage can spring back into shape after it's bent; located in the outer portion of the ear, larynx
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elastic
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types of muscle tissue
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skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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___ muscle works with tendons and bones to move the body; voluntary, striated
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skeletal
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___ muscle tissue contracts by conscious thought, has striations
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voluntary
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___ muscle forms the bulk of the heart wall; involuntary
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cardiac
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___ muscle forms the walls of hollow organs
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smooth
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The basic unit of nervous tissue; consists of a nerve cell body plus small branches from the cell
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neuron
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Specialized cells that supports and protect nervous tissue
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neuroglia
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Types of epithelial tissue
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serous, mucous, cutaneous
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___ membranes line the walls of body cavities and are folded back onto the surface of internal organs, forming the outermost layer
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serous
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___ membranes line tubes and other spaces that open to the outside of the body
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mucous
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___ membrane is commonly known as the skin, has an outer layer of epithelium
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cutaneous
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types of serous membranes
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pleurae, serous pericardium, peritoneum
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the ___ line the thoracic cavity and cover each lung
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pleurae
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the ___ forms part of a sac that encloses the heart, which is located in the chest between the lungs
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serous pericardium
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the ___ is the largest serous membrane; lines the walls of the abdominal cavity, covers the abdominal organs, and forms supporting and protective structures within the abdomen
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peritoneum
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___ membranes are thin connective tissue membranes that line the joint cavities
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synovial
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the ___ are several membranous layers covering the brain and spinal cord
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meninges
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___ refers to fibrous bands or sheets that support organs and hold them in place
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fascia
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___ is the continuous sheet of tissue that underlies the skin and contains adipose tissue that insulates the body and protects the skin
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superficial fascia
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___ covers, separates, and protects skeletal muscle
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deep fascia
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the ___ forms the cavity that encloses the heart, the pericardial cavity
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fibrous pericardium
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the ___ is the membrane around the bone
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periosteum
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the ___ is the membrane around cartilage
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perichondrium
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types of benign tumors
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papilloma, adenoma, lipoma, osteoma, myoma, angioma, nevus, chondroma
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a tumor that grows in the epithelium as a projecting mass; example, wart
benign |
papilloma
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an epithelial tumor that grows in and about the glands
benign |
adenoma
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a connective tissue tumor originating in fatty adipose tissue
benign |
lipoma
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a connective tissue tumor that originates in the bones
benign |
osteoma
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a tumor of muscle tissue
benign |
myoma
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a tumor that usually is composed of small blood or lymphatic vessels; example, birthmark
benign |
angioma
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a small skin tumor that can appear in a variety of tissues; example, moles
benign |
nevus
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a tumor of cartilage cells that remain within the cartilage or develop on the surface, as in the joints
benign |
chondroma
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malignant tumors
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carcinoma, sarcoma
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this type of cancer originates in epithelium and is by far the most common form; usually spreads to the lymphatic system
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carcinoma
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cancers of connective tissue and therefore may be found anywhere in the body; cells are usually spread by blood and they often form metastases in the lungs
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sarcoma
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a tumor that arises from a nerve
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neuroma
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a nervous system tumor that originates in the support tissue of the brain or spinal cord
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glioma
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a malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic tissue
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lymphoma
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cancer of the white blood cells
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leukemia
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signs of cancer
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a thickening or lump, new or changing mole, sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, difficulty in swallowing, persistent indigestion after eating, hoarseness or persistent cough, white patches in mouth, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unexplained weight loss or gain, feeling weak and unusually tired
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treatment of cancer
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surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
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diseases caused by infectious organisms
examples: colds, AIDS, strep throat, TB, food poisoning |
infectious
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diseases that involve degeneration break down of any body system
example: MS, cirrhosis, Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, arthritis |
degenerative
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disorders caused by a dietary lack of essential nutrients
examples: scurvy, rickets |
nutritional
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disorders that include any disruption of cellular metabolism
example: diabetes, gout |
metabolic
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disorders related to the system that protects us against infection and disease
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immune
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means "new growth" and refers to cancer and other types of tumors
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neoplasms
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causes of disease
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age, gender, heredity, living conditions and habits, environmental disturbances, physical and chemical damage, preexisting conditions
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health specialist that study diseases in populations
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epidemiology
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the number of new disease cases appearing in a particular population during a specific time period
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incidence
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the overall frequency of a disease in a given group; the number of cases of a disease present in a given population during a specific period or at a particular time
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prevalence
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the percentage of the population that dies from a given disease within a given time period
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mortality rate
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to reach a conclusion as to the nature or identity of an illness
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diagnosis
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disease conditions experienced by the patient
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symptoms
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objective manifestations a physician can observe
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signs
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complex disorder characterized by a cluster of typical symptoms and signs
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syndrome
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these diseases are relatively severe but usually last a short time
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acute
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these diseases are often less severe but are likely to be continuous or reoccurring for long periods
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chronic
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these diseases are intermediate between acute and chronic, not being as severe as acute disorders nor as long as chronic disorders
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subacute
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any disease causing microorganism
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pathogen
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a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
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communicable
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primitive, single cell organisms that grow in a wide variety of environments
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bacteria
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extremely small infectious agents that can multiply only within living cells
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viruses
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a group that that includes single celled yeasts and multicellular molds
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fungi
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single celled animals
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protozoa
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very simple multicellular or single cell aquatic plants
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algae
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these cells are round and are seen in characteristic arrangements; chains, like a string of beads
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cocci
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cells are straight, slender rods, some are cigar shaped with tapering ends
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bacilli
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short rods with a slight curvature, like a comma
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vibrios
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long and wavelike cells, resembling a corkscrew
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spirilla
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long and wavelike cells, resembling a corkscrew, but are capable of waving and twisting motions
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spirochetes
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infectious particles composed solely of protein
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prions
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diseases caused by fungi
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mycotic
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an irregularly shaped organism that propels itself by extending part of its cell and then flowing into the extensions
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amebas
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type of protozoon that is covered with cilia that wave to propel the organism
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ciliates
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type of parasitic roundworm that live in the small intestine
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hookworms
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small roundworm that is transmitted in pork
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trichina
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the outermost layer of the skin, composed entirely of epithelial cells and contains no blood vessels
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epidermis
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framework of connective tissue and contains many blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands
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dermis
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this layer is sometimes referred to the hypodermis or superficial fascia, this layer connects the skin to the underlying muscle
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subcutaneous
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saclike glands that lubricates the skin and hair
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sebaceous
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coiled tube-like sweat glands located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
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sudoriferous
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type of sweat glands that are distributed throughout the skin
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eccrine
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type of sweat glands located mainly in the armpits
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apocrine
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type of glands in the ear canal that produces ear wax
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ceruminous
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glands on the edge of the eye lids
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ciliary
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type of pigment that carries oxygen in red blood cells, gives blood its color
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hemoglobin
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skin pigment derived from carrots or other orange and yellow vegetables; related to vitamin A and is stored in fatty tissue
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carotene
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a spot that is neither raised nor depressed; typical of measles and descriptive of freckles
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macule
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a firm, raised area, as in some stages of chicken pox or shingles
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papule
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a blister or small fluid filled sac
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vesicle
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a vesicle filled with pus
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pustule
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a scratch on the skin
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excoriation
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a rough, jagged would made by tearing of the skin
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laceration
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a sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue
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ulcer
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a crack in the skin
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fissure
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burn that involves in the epidermis only; skin is red and dry with minimal pain; typical causes are sunburn; this type of burn is a first degree
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superficial
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involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis; tissue reddens and blisters and is painful; severe sunburn or scalding
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superficial partial thickness
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involves the epidermis and the dermis; tissue may be blistered and weeping or dry due to sweat gland damage; may be less painful due to nerve damage; second degree
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deep partial thickness
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involves full skin and sometimes subcutaneous tissue; tissue is broken, dry and pale or charred; may require skin grafting; third degree
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full thickness
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general term referring to any skin disease
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dermatosis
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inflammation of the skin
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dermatitis
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an acute contagious disease of staphylococcal or streptococcal origin; forms blister-like lesions that become filled with pus
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impetigo
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virus that causes formation of blisters around the nose and mouth
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herpes simplex I
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virus that causes formation of blisters and genital infections
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herpes simplex II
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seen in adults and is caused by varicella virus
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shingles
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hives; allergic reaction characterized by the temporary appearance of wheals or red patches
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urticaria
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type of muscle that is voluntary
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skeletal
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Which type of protozoa is covered with tiny hairs?
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ciliates
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Sunburn associated with blisters is an example of a _________ burn
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superficial partial thickness
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Acne is a disorder affecting the ____
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sebaceous glands
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Which type of pathogen would NOT be affected by an antibacterial agent?
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viruses
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Which of the following is found at the tip of the nose?
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hyaline cartilage
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Collagen fibers are critical in repair of injury to the epidermis
T or F |
true
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If you have ever watched the TV crime show "CSI," you have seen the good guys catch the bad guys using
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dermal papillae
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