Membrane

Front 1

Phospholipids are composed of 2 fatty acids attached to a ___________ backbone

Back 1

Glycerol

Front 2

Phospholipids have polar and nonpolar regions, and thus are _______________

Back 2

Amphiphilic

Front 3

Proteins within the lipid bilayer are referred to as __________ membrane proteins

Back 3

Integral. Ex.) Glucose Transport

Front 4

Highly fluid membranes generally have a high concentration of ________

Back 4

Unsaturated phospholipids

Front 5

The amino acids comprising the intramembrane portion of an integral protein are mostly _________

Back 5

Hydrophobic

Front 6

The net diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is known as ________

Back 6

Osmosis

Front 7

If a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the net movement of water across the cell membrane is ________ (inside/outside the cell)

Back 7

Neither

Front 8

Which statement is NOT true about facilitated diffusion involving glucose?

A.) Requires a transporting protein

B.) Requires ATP

C.) Requires a specific binding site

D.) Is a saturable process

Back 8

B.) Requires ATP

Front 9

In co-transport that moves glucose and Na into a cell, Na entry generally is facilitated by the _________ gradient (s)

(Concentration/Electrical)

Back 9

Both. Concentration and Electrical

Front 10

Engulfment of a bacterium by a macrophage generally is referred to as _______

Back 10

Phagocytosis

Front 11

The sodium-potassium pump is an example _________

Back 11

Active Transport

Front 12

In transport involving the sodium-potassium pump, ___________ is (are) moving against (low to high) a concentration gradient

(Potassium/Sodium)

Back 12

Both potassium and Sodium

Front 13

In transport involving the sodium-potassium pump, ________ is (are) moving against (positive to positive) an electrical gradient (Potassium/Sodium)

Back 13

Sodium

Front 14

Binding of potassium to the sodium-potassium pump most immediately causes ____________

Back 14

Release of bound phosphate from the pump

Front 15

Adenylyl cyclase converts __________

Back 15

ATP to cAMP

Front 16

An activated epinephrine (adrenalin) receptor activates adenylyl cyclase via ____________

Back 16

a G protein

Front 17

Communicating junctions in plants that are lined by plasma membrane are ___________

Back 17

Plasmodesmata

Front 18

ABO blood groups occur because red blood cell membranes express different _____________

Back 18

Glycolipids

Front 19

____________ seal neighboring cells together so that substances can't pass between the cells

Back 19

Tight Junctions

Front 20

The major transmembrane proteins in desmosomes are _____________

Back 20

Cadherins

Front 21

A "spot weld" between cells is a __________

Back 21

Desmosome

Front 22

Cells most often bind to the extracellular matrix via __________

Back 22

Hemidesmosomes

Front 23

Desmosomes attach to the ______ of the cytoskeleton

Back 23

Intermediate Filaments

Front 24

_____________ Help the immune system identify "self" and "non-self"

Back 24

HLA proteins (Human Licoside Anthogens)

Front 25

Cardiac muscle contracts as a syncytium because the muscle cells communicate via __________

Back 25

Gap Junctions

Front 26

___________ can pass through a gap junction

Back 26

Glucose, Na, Amino Acid

Front 27

Connexons participate in __________

Back 27

Gap Junctions

Front 28

Plasmodesmata contain desmotubules that connect the __________ in different cells

Back 28

Endoplasmic Reticula

Front 29

Passive transport generally include ___________

Back 29

Facilitated diffusion and diffusion of CO2 out of a cell

Front 30

An example of a transmembrane protein or structure is a(n) ____________.

Back 30

Integrin, Cadherin, Connexon

Front 31

The net diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is known as _________

Back 31

Osmosis

Front 32

Low-density lipoproteins containing cholesterol are usually taken into the cells by the process of _______________

Back 32

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Front 33

In a hemidesmosome, the transmembrane protein integrin often binds to _______________, which is the most prevalent protein in extracellular matrices

Back 33

Collagen

Front 34

Two molecules that diffuse EASILY through the cell membrane without using carriers, channels, or pumps are _________- and ______________

Back 34

CO2 and O2

Front 35

"Kinky" phospholipids likely contain more ________ between carbons than do straight phospholipids

Back 35

Double Bonds

Front 36

Gap junctions are formed by transmembrane structures called ______________-

Back 36

Connexons

Front 37

Most water entering/leaving cells passes through channels called _____________

Back 37

Aquaporen

Front 38

Three cell-cell junctions in animals are _________, ____________, and ______________

Back 38

Tight, Anchoring, and Communicating

Front 39

Which cells in the body likely exhibit tight junctions and why?

Back 39

Intestinal cell: prevents toxins from entering the bloodstream

Front 40

Describe how unsaturated phospholipids affect membrane fluidity?

Back 40

Unsaturated phospholipids have kinky tails so the membrane can't be packed together making it more fluid.

Front 41

Co-transport of glucose and NA into an intestinal cell doesn't require energy, yet this is described as a secondary active transport mechanism. Explain

Back 41

The system only works if you have Na outside and you need energy to keep that high

Front 42

The sodium-potassium pump is an ATPase. Describe how the ATPase activity of the pump regulates the movement of sodium by the pump

Back 42

ATP is attached, break off of a phosphate (which is attached and changes the shape of the pump) to release out Na which releases energy

Front 43

Osmosis is net water movement across a semi-permeable membrane. What determines the direction of the net water movement?

Back 43

It goes from low to high concentration of a solute

Front 44

Why is facilitated diffusion a saturable process?

Back 44

Carriers are filled so you can't go faster. Facilitated diffusion requires carriers going as fast as they can. Increasing concentration won't up.

Front 45

For cell membranes, give one specific example of a substance that PRIMARILY uses 1.) simple diffusion, 2.) Facilitated diffusion, 3.) receptor-mediated endocytosis, and 4.) active transport to ENTER a cell

Back 45

1.) Simple Diffusion: H20, O2, CO2

2.) Facilitated Diffusion: Glucose

3.) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis: Low-density lypoprotein

4.) Active transport to ENTER a cell: Potassium

Front 46

Name an animal tissue that contains a communicating junction and describe the purpose of the junction

Back 46

Heart; communicating. The purpose is to electrically and metabolically couple cells

Front 47

Starting with binding of sodium to the pump, place the following steps in sodium-potassium transport in the correct order: 1.) dephosphorylation of the pump, 2.) phosphorylation of the pump, 3.) binding of potassium to the pump, 4.) release of sodium from the pump, and 5.) release of potassium from the pump

Back 47

2.) Phosphorylation of the pump

4.) Release of sodium from the pump

3.) Binding of potassium to the pump

1.) Dephosphorylation of the pump

5.) Release of potassium from the pump