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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Radiation oncologist
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Physician trained in the treatment of disease (cancer) with high-energy x-rays or particles.
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Radiation therapy
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Treatment of disease (cancer) with high-energy x-rays or particles (photons and protons). Also called radiotherapy.
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Radiologist
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Physician trained in the use of x-rays (such as computed tomography and also including ultrasound) to diagnose illness.
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Radiology
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Science of using x-rays in the diagnosis of disease.
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Radiotherapist
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Physician trained to treat disease (cancer) with high-energy x-rays or particles. See RADIATION ONCOLOGIST.
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Radiotherapy
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Treatment of disease (cancer) with high-energy x-rays or particles such as photons and protons. Also called radiation therapy.
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Radius
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One of two lower arm bones. The radius is located on the thumb side of the hand.
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Rectal resection
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Excision (resection) of the RECTUM.
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Rectocele
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Hernia (protrusion) of the rectum into the vagina.
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Rectum
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End of the colon. The rectum delivers wastes (feces) to the anus for elimination.
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Relapse
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Return of disease after its apparent termination.
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Remission
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Lessening of signs and symptoms of a disease.
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Renal
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Pertaining to the kidney.
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Renal calculus
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Kidney stones.
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Renal failure
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Condition in which the kidneys no longer function.
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Renal pelvis
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Central section of the kidney where urine collects.
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Reproductive
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Pertaining to the process by which living things produce offspring.
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Research
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Laboratory investigation of a medical problem.
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Resection
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Removal (excision) of an organ or a structure.
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Residency training
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Period of hospital work involving the care of patients after the completion of four years of medical school.
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Respiratory system
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Organs that control breathing, allowing air to enter and leave the body.
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Retina
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Layer of sensitive cells at the back of the eye. Light is focused on the retina and then is transmitted to the optic nerve, which leads to the brains.
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Retinopathy
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Disease of the RETINA.
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Retrogastric
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Pertaining to behind the stomach.
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Retroperitoneal
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Pertaining to behind the PERTONEUM.
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Rhabdomyosarcoma
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A malignant tumor of muscle cells (skeletal, voluntary muscle) that occurs most frequently in the head and neck, extremities, body wall, and area behind the abdomen.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints and connective tissue that leads to deformed joints.
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Rheumatologist
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Specialist in the treatment of diseases of connective tissue, especially the joints. RHEUMAT/O comes from the Greek rheuma, meaning “that which flows, as a stream or river.” Inflammatory disorders of joints are often marked by a collection of fluid in joint spaces.
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Rheumatology
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Branch of medicine dealing with inflammation, degeneration, or chemical changes in connective tissues, such as joints and muscles. Pain, stiffness, or limitation of motion are often characteristics of rheumatologic disorders.
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Rhinitis
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Inflammation of the nose.
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Rhinoplasty
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Surgical repair of the nose.
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Rhinorrhea
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Discharge from the nose.
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Rhinotomy
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Incision of the nose.
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Rib
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One of twelve paired bones surrounding the chest. Seven ribs (true ribs) attach directly to the breastbone, three (false ribs) attach the seventh rib, and two (floating ribs) are not attached at all.
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Sacral
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Pertaining to the SACRUM.
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Sacral region
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Five fused bones in the lower back, below the lumbar bones and wedged between two parts of the hip (ilium).
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Sacrum
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Triangular bone in the lower back, below the lumbar bones and formed by five fused bones.
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Sagittal plane
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An imaginary plane that divides an organ or the body into right and left portions. The midsagittal plane divides a structure equally into right and left halves.
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Sagittal section
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Cut (section) through the body, dividing it into a right and left portion.
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Salpingectomy
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Removal of a fallopian (uterine) tube.
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Salpingitis
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Inflammation of a fallopian (uterine) tube.
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Sarcoidosis
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Chronic, progressive disorder of cells in connective tissue, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs, and lymph nodes. Small collections of cells (granulomas) form in affected organs and tissues. The cause is unknown but may involve malfunction of the immune system.
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Sarcoma
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Cancerous (malignant) tumor of connective tissues, such as bone, muscle, fat, or cartilage.
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Scapula
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Shoulder bone.
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Sclera
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White, outer coat of the eyeball.
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Scotoma
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Defect in vision in a defined area (blind spot).
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Scrotal
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Pertaining to the scrotum.
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Scrotum
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Sac on the outside of the body that contains the testes.
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Sebaceous gland
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Oil-producing (sebum-producing) gland in the skin.
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Section
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An act of cutting; a segment or subdivision of an organ.
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Seizure
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Convulsion (involuntary contraction of muscles) or attack of epilepsy. A seizure can also indicate a sudden attack or recurrence of a disease.
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Sella turcica
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Cup-like depression at the base of the skull that holds the pituitary gland.
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Semen
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Fluid composed of sperm cells and secretions from the prostate gland and other male exocrine glands.
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Seminoma
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Malignant tumor of the testis.
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Sense organs
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Parts of the body that receive messages from the environment and relay them to the brain so that we see, hear, and feel sensations. Examples of sense organs are the eye, the ear, and the skin.
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Septic
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Pertaining to infection.
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Septicemia
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Infection in the blood. Septicemia is commonly called blood poisoning and is associated with the presence of bacteria or their poisons in the blood.
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Sexually transmitted disease
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Contagious disease acquired through sexual intercourse or genital contact.
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Shock
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Group of symptoms (pale skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing) that indicate poor oxygen supply to tissue and insufficient return of blood to the heart.
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Sigmoid colon
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S-shaped lower portion of the colon.
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Sigmoidoscopy
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Visual examination of the sigmoid colon with an endoscope inserted through the anus and rectum.
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Sinus
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A cavity or space, such as in a bone. Also, refers to the sinoatrial node or pacemaker of the heart.
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Skin
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Outer covering that protects the body.
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Skull
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Bone that surrounds the brain and other organs in the head.
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Sleep apnea
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See APNEA.
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Small intestine
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Organ that receives food from the stomach. The small intestine is divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
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Sonogram
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Record of sound waves after they bounce off organs in the body; an ULTRASOUND or echogram.
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Spasm
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Involuntary, sudden muscle contraction.
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Spermatozoon
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Sperm cell (plural: spermatozoa).
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Spinal
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Pertaining to the spine (backbone).
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Spinal cavity
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Space in the back that contains the spinal cord and is surrounded by the backbones.
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Spinal column
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Backbones; vertebrae.
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Spinal cord
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Bundle of nerves that extends from the brain down the back. The spinal cord carries electrical messages to and from the spinal cord.
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Spinal nerves
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Nerves that transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.
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Spinal tap
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See LUMBAR PUNCTURE.
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Spleen
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Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The spleen stores blood cells and destroys red blood cells while producing white blood cells called LYMPHOCYTES.
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Splenectomy
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Removal of the spleen.
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Splenomegaly
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Enlargement of the spleen.
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Spondylitis
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Chronic, serious inflammatory disorder of backbones involving erosion and collapse of vertebrae. See ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.
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Spondylosis
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Abnormal condition of a vertebra or vertebrae.
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Sputum
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Material expelled from the lungs through the mouth.
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Sternum
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Breast bone.
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Stomach
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Organ that receives food from the esophagus and sends it to the small intestine. Enzymes in the stomach break down food particles during digestion.
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Stomatitis
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Inflammation of the mouth.
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Stroke
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Trauma to or blockage of blood vessels within the brain, leading to a reduction in the blood supply to brain tissue. This causes nerve cells in the brain to die and results in loss of function to the part of the body controlled by those nerve cells.
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Stye
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Infection (pus-filled) of a gland in the eyelid, often caused by bacteria (staphylococci). (Also spelled sty.)
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Subcostal
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Pertaining to below the ribs.
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Subcutaneous tissue
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Lower layer of the skin composed of fatty tissue.
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Subdural hematoma
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Collection of blood under the dura mater (outermost layer of the membranes surrounding the brain).
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Sub gastric
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Pertaining to below the stomach.
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Subhepatic
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Pertaining to under the liver.
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Subscapular
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Pertaining to under the shoulder bone.
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Subtotal
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Less than total; just under the total amount.
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Subungual
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Pertaining to under (SUB-) a nail (UNGU/O).
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Suprarenal glands
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Two endocrine glands, each located above a kidney. Also called adrenal glands.
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Surgery
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Branch of medicine that treats disease by manual (hand) or operative methods.
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Sweat glands
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Organ in the skin that produces a watery substance containing salts.
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Syncope
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Fainting, sudden loss of consciousness.
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Syndrome
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Set of symptoms and signs that occur together to indicate a disease condition.
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Syphilis
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Sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with a spirochete (type of bacterium).
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System
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Group of organs working together to do a job in the body. For example, the digestive system includes the mouth, throat, stomach, and intestines, all of which help to bring food into the body, break it down, and deliver it to the bloodstream.
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Systemic circulation
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Passage of blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the heart.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Chronic inflammatory disease affecting many systems of the body (joints, skin, kidneys, and nerves). A red (erythematous) rash over the nose and cheeks is characteristic.
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