Medieval, Gothic, American, African Art

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Hiberno-Saxon Art Style

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Like Woven vines or ribbon

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Millefiori

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Glass work technique

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Illuminating Manuscripts

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Brightly colored/decorated scriptures

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Carpet Pages`

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Heavily decorated pages

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Scriptorium

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Where the monks would make the illustrated books

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Viking

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People of the Coves. Norse Sea People. 8th Century. Discovered land in ships.

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Rune stones.

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Letters of early German Alphabet

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Stave Churches

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Wooden Churches. Slanted Roofs.

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Incipit

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Opening words of a text. Means: Here Begins

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Carolingians

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Impacted architecture because of their emphasis on education

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Westwork

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The facade of a church. Opens up into the chapel. Narthex on the ground level and throne room on the second level.

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Cloister

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rectangular, open courtyard. Surrounded by walks/galleries. They lead to other monastic buildings.

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The Doors of Bishop Bernward

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the stories in the old and new testament are represented on the doors.

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Romanesque Architecture

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In the style of rome. Stone Masonry. Heavy stonewalls. small windows. round arches. Barrel vaults. Sculptures outside.

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Lantern Tower

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Built Above the Ceiling with windows to let in Light

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Ribbed Vault

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Groin vault with Ribs. Demarcating the junctions, reinforcement.

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Transverse Arch

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Supporting arch which runs across the vault from side to side. dividing the bays.

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Radiating Chapel

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small niches in the side walls of churches containing small relics.

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Ambulatory

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a second aisle around the apse to ease congestion, allow more movement. People can view the relics easier

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Baldachin

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a canopy suspended over a sacred place

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Tympanum

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semi circle directly over the door of a Romanesque portal.

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Jambs

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vertical elements on the sides of doors.

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trumeau

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central pier that supports the lintel and archivolts. usually decorated

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Historiated Capitals

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narrative scenes on a capital

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keep

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the great tower of a castle

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Bailey

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a Castle Courtyard

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Mandorla

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The full body Halo around Christ or God in christian art

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The Evangelists

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Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

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Alternating Support System

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in churches. A column and another stronger support alternate. That way the wall is well supported, but it also looks good because there are the fancy columns

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Gothic Architecture

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Made possible by Flying Buttresses

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2 Goals of Gothic Architecture

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1. To let in more light

2. To imitate heaven with the height

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Fan Vaults

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ribbed vaults that have curved and equally spaced ribs. Resembles a fan

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flying buttressses

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an arched masonry support which extends from the exterior of a building. provides additional support that allows for higher walls/ceilings.

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Choir

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The area of a church reserved for the clergy. Between the transept and the apse. or sometimes extending into the nave.

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Ribbed vaulting

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type of groin vault that diagonal ridges rest on. Covered by moldings/ribs.

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Lancets

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pointed arch of a long window

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triforium

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a shallow gallery of arched located above the nave and below the clerestory

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Clerestory

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the top zone of a wall with windows extending above the aisle roofs. lets in sunlight on the nave.

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transept

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in a longitudinal church, the 2 parts forming the arms of the cross.

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Ambulatory

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for walking. An isle around the apse

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Stained Glass

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colored glass used to form decorative pictorial designs

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Grozing

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process of chipping away at the edges of glass with a hot iron to acheive the exact shape for a stained glass window

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tracery

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ornamental stonework that provides support for glass in a window. Often with bars or mullions.

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cames

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strips of lead between pieces of glass in a window

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cartoon

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full scale drawing. A guide when making a stained glass window

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Abbot Suger

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began reconstruction of the Abbey church at St. denis

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Rose Window

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circular window on a church

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Fleur De Lis

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common motif in gothic stained glass

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Abbey Church of St. Denis

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considered to be the first Gothic church

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The black Plague

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resulted in 2/5 of Europe dying

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Loggia

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Covered, open-air corridor

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Chiaroscuro

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depicting figures using light and dark to show 3D. Shadows

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Grisaille

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monochromatic paintings using gray

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Secco Fresco

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color applied to dry plaster

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Buon Fresco

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color applied while plaster is wet

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Sinopia

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The underdrawings of a fresco

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Giornata

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The section of a fresco that could be completed in a day.

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Cimabue

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Cenni di Pepi. From Florence. Use of Chiaroscuro

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Giotto di Bondone

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student of Cimabue. Drew from live models. From Florence

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Duccio di Boninsegna

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From Siena

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Olmec

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Most prominent early formative culture. Known for great pyramid and huge basalt stone heads.

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Teotihuacan

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Mesoamerica;s 1st true city-state. Pop: 150,000. Pyramid of the moon and Sun. Bloodletting.

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Maya

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In MesoAmerica. Cities with large populations. evidence of terracing/irrigation. Civilization collapsed in 800-900 .

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Mayan Codices and writing

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mesopotamia's most advanced writing system

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Palenque

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Mayan City

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tikal

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MAyan city. pop: 50,000-70,000.

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Roof Comb

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crest that rises over the roof of a temple

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Talud

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Sloping Base of a temple

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Tablero

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entablature featuring a sculpture

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Chichen Itza

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Mayan City

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Chacmool

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a type of sculpture. Depicts a reclining figure

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logograph

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a letter/symbol represents a word or phrase

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Disquis

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700-1500 ad

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Toltec

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800-1000

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Paracas

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People known for elongated heads and blankets

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Nazca

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region with huge geometric patterns you can only view from the sky

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Geoglyph

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large patterns on the ground, viewed from the sky.

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Moche

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People, known or making a lot of drinking vessels

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Burial Mounds

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In North America

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Kivas

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Partly underground. Used for religious ceremonies

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Aztec

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the mexica warlike northern tribe. Founded Aztec Empire. Patriarchal societyq

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Hernan Cortez

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1519 he takes over the Aztecs

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Inca

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Cuzco is the capital. Ruled the cost and highlands. Pop:100,000. Patriarchal society.

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Pisarro

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takes over the Inkas

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Anasazi

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Ancient native american culture

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pueblo

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native american structures

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ashlar masonry

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type of stone/brick laying. (example: Machu Picchu)

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Quetzalcoatl

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Toltec and Aztec God

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Katsina

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benevolent supernatural spirits. Or Ancestral spirits

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Problems of African History

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No written records.

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Rock Art

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Cave paintings with geometric shapes. Also some humans and animals

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Scarification

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usually on faces. Traditional reasons, also for a right of passage.

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Torons

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Wooden beams. They project from the outsides of walls. Typical in mosques.

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Finials

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A sculpted ornament at the top of a linnacle. Shape dlike anostrich egg

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Benin

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1107 AD. Art is influenced by Ife culture

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Nok Heads

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known for triangular shaped eyes

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Ife

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Considered to be 'the navel of the world', the site of all creation

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Reliquaries

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Containers, hold the bones of ancestors, to celebrate the deceased

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mbulu ngulu

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guardian figures

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Masks and Masquerades

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used in coming of age rituals, for judicial reasons, and shows dead ancestors can help the living

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Mbari House

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built of mud and offered as sacrifices