Medical Test 2 Vocab

Front 1

agglutination

Back 1

agglutinat = clumping
-ion = process

the process of clumping together, as of blood cells that are incompatible

Front 2

albumin

Back 2

one of a group of simple proteins found in blood plasma and serum

Front 3

allergy

Back 3

all = other
-ergy = work

individual hypersensitivity to a substance that is usually harmless

Front 4

anaphylaxis

Back 4

ana = up
-phylaxis = protection

an unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign proteins or other substances

Front 5

anemia

Back 5

an = lack of
-emia = blood condition

a condition of a lack of red blood cells

Front 6

anisocytosis

Back 6

anis/o = unequal
cyt = cell
-osis = condition of

a condition in which the erythrocytes are unequal in size and shape

Front 7

antibody

Back 7

anti = against
-body = body

a protein substance produced in the body in response to an invading foreign substance

Front 8

anticoagulant

Back 8

anti = against
coagui = clots
-ant = forming

an agent that works against the formation of blood clots

Front 9

antigen

Back 9

anti = against
-gen = formation, produce

an invading foreign substance that induces the formation of antibodies

Front 10

autoimune disease

Back 10

a condition in which the body's immune system becomes defective and produces antibodies against itself

Front 11

autotransfusion

Back 11

auto = self
trans = across
fus = to pour
-ion = process

the process of reinfusing a patients own blood. methods used are "harvesting" the blood 1 to 3 weeks before elective surgery; "salvaging" intraoperative blood; and collecting blood from trauma or selected surgical patients for reinfusion within 4 hours

Front 12

basocyte

Back 12

bas/o = base
-cyte = cell

a base cell leukocyte

Front 13

basophil

Back 13

bas/o = base
-phil = attraction

a cell that has an attraction for a base dye

Front 14

blood

Back 14

the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries

Front 15

coagulable

Back 15

coagul = to clot
-able = capable

capable of forming a clot

Front 16

corpuscle

Back 16

a blood cell

Front 17

creatinemia

Back 17

creatin = flesh, creatine
-emia = blood condition

a condition of excess creatine in the blood

Front 18

embolus

Back 18

a blood clot carried in the bloodstream

Front 19

eosinophil

Back 19

eosin/o = rose-colored
-phil = attraction

a cell that stains readily with the acid stain; attraction for the rose-colored stain

Front 20

erythroblast

Back 20

erythr/o = red
-blast = immature cell, germ cell

an immature red blood cell

Front 21

erythrocyte

Back 21

erythr/o = red
-cyte = cell

a red blood cell

Front 22

erythrocytosis

Back 22

erythr/o = red
cyt = cell
-osis = condition of

Front 23

erythropoiesis

Back 23

erythr/o = red
-poiesis = formation

formation of red blood cells

Front 24

erythropoietin

Back 24

erythr/o = red
poiet = formation
-in = chemical

a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells

Front 25

extravasation

Back 25

extra = beyond
vas(at) = vessel
-ion = process

the process whereby fluids and/or medications (IVs) escape into surrounding tissue

Front 26

fibrin

Back 26

fibr = fiber
-in = chemical

an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin in the blood-clotting process

Front 27

fibrinogen

Back 27

fibrin/o = fiber
-gen = formation

a blood protein converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin in the blood-clotting process

Front 28

globullin

Back 28

globul = globe
-in = chemical

an albuminous protein found in body fluids and cells

Front 29

granulocyte

Back 29

granul/o = little grain, granular
-cyte = cell

a granular leukocyte

Front 30

hematocrit

Back 30

hemat/o = blood
-crit = to separate

a blood test that separates solids from plasma in the blood by centrifuging the blood sample

Front 31

corpuscle

Back 31

a blood cell

Front 32

creatinemia

Back 32

creatin = flesh, creatine
-emia = blood condition

a condition of excess creatine in the blood

Front 33

embolus

Back 33

a blood clot carried in the bloodstream

Front 34

eosinophil

Back 34

eosin/o = rose-colored
-phil = attraction

a cell that stains readily with the acid stain; attraction for the rose-colored stain

Front 35

erythroblast

Back 35

erythr/o = red
-blast = immature cell, germ cell

an immature red blood cell

Front 36

erythrocyte

Back 36

erythr/o = red
-cyte = cell

a red blood cell

Front 37

erythrocytosis

Back 37

erythr/o = red
cyt = cell
-osis = condition of

Front 38

erythropoiesis

Back 38

erythr/o = red
-poiesis = formation

formation of red blood cells

Front 39

erythropoietin

Back 39

erythr/o = red
poiet = formation
-in = chemical

a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells

Front 40

extravasation

Back 40

extra = beyond
vas(at) = vessel
-ion = process

the process whereby fluids and/or medications (IVs) escape into surrounding tissue

Front 41

fibrin

Back 41

fibr = fiber
-in = chemical

an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin in the blood-clotting process

Front 42

fibrinogen

Back 42

fibrin/o = fiber
-gen = formation

a blood protein converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin in the blood-clotting process

Front 43

globullin

Back 43

globul = globe
-in = chemical

an albuminous protein found in body fluids and cells

Front 44

granulocyte

Back 44

granul/o = little grain, granular
-cyte = cell

a granular leukocyte

Front 45

hematocrit

Back 45

hemat/o = blood
-crit = to separate

a blood test that separates solids from plasma in the blood by centrifuging the blood sample

Front 46

hematologist

Back 46

hemat/o = blood
log = study of
-ist = one who specializes

one who specializes in the study of the blood

Front 47

hematology

Back 47

hemat/o = blood
-logy = study

the study of the blood

Front 48

hematoma

Back 48

hemat = blood
-oma = tumor

a blood tumor

Front 49

hemochromatosis

Back 49

hem/o = blood
chromat = color
-osis = condition of

a disease condition in which iron is not metabolized properly and it accumulates in body tissues. the skin has a bronze hue, the liver becomes enlarged, and diabetes and cardiac failure may occur.

Front 50

hemoglobin

Back 50

hem/o = blood
-globin = globe, protein

blood protein; the iron-containing pigment of red blood cells

Front 51

hemolysis

Back 51

hem/o = blood
-lysis = destruction

destruction of red blood cells

Front 52

hemophilia

Back 52

hem/o = blood
-philia = attraction

a hereditary blood disease characterized by prolonged coagulation and tendency to bleed

Front 53

hemorrhage

Back 53

hem/o = blood
-rrhage = bursting forth

excessive bleeding; bursting forth of blood

Front 54

hemostasis

Back 54

hem/o = blood
-stasis = control, stopping

the control or stopping of bleeding

Front 55

heparin

Back 55

a substance found in the liver, lungs, and other body tissues that inhibits blood clotting

Front 56

hypercalcemia

Back 56

hyper = excessive
calc = lime, calcium
-emia = blood condition

a condition of excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

Front 57

hyperglycemia

Back 57

hyper = excessive
glyc = sweet, sugar
-emia = blood condition

a condition of excessive amounts of sugar in the blood

Front 58

hyperlipemia

Back 58

hyper = excessive
lip = fat
-emia = blood condition

a condition of excessive amounts of fat in the blood

Front 59

hypoglycemia

Back 59

hypo = deficient
glyc = sweet, sugar
-emia = blood condition

a condition of deficient amounts of sugar in the blood

Front 60

immunoglobulin (lg)

Back 60

immun/o = immunity
globul = globe
-in = chemical

a blood protein capable of acting as an antibody. five types are IgA, IgD, IgE, IgC, and IgM

Front 61

Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 61

a malignant neoplasm that causes violaceous cascular lesions and general lymphadenopathy; it is the most common AIDS-related tumor.

Front 62

leukapheresis

Back 62

leuk/a = white
-pheresis = removal

removal of white blood cells from the circulation

Front 63

leukemia

Back 63

leuk = white
-emia = blood condition

a disease of the blood characterized by overproduction of leukocytes

Front 64

leukocyte

Back 64

leuk/o = white
-cyte = cell

a white blood cell

Front 65

leukocytopenia

Back 65

leuk/o = white
cyt/o = cell
-penia = lack of

Front 66

lymph

Back 66

a clear, colorless, alkaline fluid found in the lymphatic vessels

Front 67

lymphadenitis

Back 67

lymph = lymph
aden = gland
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the lymph gland

Front 68

lymphadenotomy

Back 68

lymph = lymph
aden/o = gland
-tomy = incision

incision into a lymph gland

Front 69

lymphangiology

Back 69

lymph = lymph
angi/o = vessel
-logy = study of

the study of the lymphatic vessels

Front 70

lymphangitis

Back 70

lymph = lymph
ang = vessel
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of lymphatic vessels

Front 71

lymphedema

Back 71

lymph = lymph
-edema = swelling

an abnormal accumulation of lymph in the interstitial spaces

Front 72

lymphoma

Back 72

lymph = lymph
-oma = tumor

a lymphoid neoplasm, usually malignant

Front 73

lymphostasis

Back 73

lymph/o = lymph
-stasis = control, stopping

the control or stopping of the flow of lymph

Front 74

macrocyte

Back 74

macr/o = large
-cyte = cell

an abnormally large erythrocyte

Front 75

monocyte

Back 75

mone = one
-cyte = cell

the largest leukocyte, which has one nucleus

Front 76

mononucleosis

Back 76

mono = one
nucle = kernel, nucleus
-osis = condition

a condition of excessive amounts of mononuclear leukocytes in the blood

Front 77

neutrophil

Back 77

neutr/o = neither
-phil = attraction

a leukocyte that stains with neutral dyes

Front 78

opportunistic infection

Back 78

a protozoal, fungal, viral, or bacterial infection that occurs when one's immune system is compromised (AIDS patients)

Front 79

pancytopenia

Back 79

pan = all
cyt/o = cell
-penia = lack of

a lack of the cellular elements of the blood

Front 80

phagocytosis

Back 80

phag/o = eat, engulf
cyt = cell
-osis = condition of

a condition of the engulfing and eating of bacteria by the phagocytes

Front 81

plasma

Back 81

the fluid part of the blood

Front 82

plamapheresis

Back 82

plasma = a thing formed, plasma
-pheresis = removal

Front 83

polycythemia

Back 83

poly = many
cyth = cell
-emia = blood condition

a condition of too many red blood cells

Front 84

prothrombin

Back 84

pro = before
thromb = clot
-in = chemical

a chemical substance that interacts with calcium salts to produce thrombin

Front 85

radioimmunoassay

Back 85

a method of determining the concentration of protein-bound hormones in the blond plasma

Front 86

reticulocyte

Back 86

reticul/o = net
-cyte = cell

a red blood cell containing a network of granules

Front 87

septicemia

Back 87

septic = putrefying
-emia = blood condition

a condition in which pathogenic bacteria are present in the blood

Front 88

seroculture

Back 88

ser/o = whey, serum
-culture = cultivation

a bacterial culture of blood serum

Front 89

serum

Back 89

ser(a) = whey
-um = tissue

the clear, yellowish fluid that separates from the clot when blood clots

Front 90

sideropenia

Back 90

sider/o = iron
-penia = lack of

lack of iron in the blood

Front 91

sideropenia

Back 91

sider/o = iron
-penia = lack of

lack of iron in the blood

Front 92

splenomegaly

Back 92

splen/o = spleen
-megaly = enlargement

enlargement of the spleen

Front 93

stem cell

Back 93

a cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to various types of blood cells

Front 94

thalassemia

Back 94

thalass = sea
-emia = blood condition

hereditary anemias occuring in the population bordering the Mediterranean Sea and in SE Asia

Front 95

thrombectomy

Back 95

thromb = clot
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a blood clot

Front 96

thrombin

Back 96

thromb = clot
-in = chemical

a blood enzyme that causes clotting by forming fibrin

Front 97

thrombocyte

Back 97

thromb/o = clot
-cyte = cell

a clotting cell; a blood platelet

Front 98

thromboplastin

Back 98

thromb = clot
plast = a developing
-in = chemical

an essential factor in the production of thrombin and blood clotting

Front 99

thrombosis

Back 99

thromb = clot
-osis = condition of

condition of a blood clot

Front 100

thymoma

Back 100

thym = thymis
-oma = tumor

a tumor of the thymus

Front 101

tonsillectomy

Back 101

tonsill = tonsil
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the tonsil

Front 102

transfusion

Back 102

trans = across
fus = to pour
-ion = process

the process whereby blood is transferred from one individual to the vein of another

Front 103

vasculitis

Back 103

vascul = small vessel
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of a lymph or blood vessel

Front 104

alveolus

Back 104

alveol = small, hollow air sac
-us = pertaining to

pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs

Front 105

anthracosis

Back 105

anthrac = coal
-osis = condition of

black lung, a lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica

Front 106

aphasia

Back 106

a = lack of
phas = speech
-ia = condition

absense of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of brain dysfunction

Front 107

apnea

Back 107

a = lack of
-pnea = breathing

temporary cessation of breathing

Front 108

asphyxia

Back 108

a = lack of
sphyx = pulse
-ia = condition

a condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues

Front 109

aspiration

Back 109

apirat = to draw in
-ion = process

the process of drawing in or out by suction; foreign bodies may be aspirated into the nose, throat, or lungs on inspiration

Front 110

asthma

Back 110

a disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest

Front 111

atelectasis

Back 111

atel = imperfect
-ectasis = dilation, expansion

a condition of imperfect dilation of the lungs; the collapse of an alveolus, a lobule, or a larger lung unit

Front 112

bronchiectasis

Back 112

bronch/i = bronchi
-ectasis = dilation, expansion

chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of a lung

Front 113

bronchiolitis

Back 113

bronchiol = bronchiole
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the bronchioles

Front 114

bronchitis

Back 114

bronch = bronchi
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 115

bronchoscope

Back 115

bronch/o = bronchi
-scope = instrument

an instrument used to examine the bronchi

Front 116

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Back 116

a rhythemic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration followed by apnea, then a repeat of the same cycle

Front 117

cough

Back 117

sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs

Front 118

croup

Back 118

an acute respiratory disease characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor

Front 119

cyanosis

Back 119

cyan = dark blue
-osis = condition of

a dark blue condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency

Front 120

cystic fibrosis

Back 120

cyst = sac
-ic = pertaining to
fibr = fiber
-osis = condition of

an inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands.

Front 121

diaphragmatocele

Back 121

dia = through
phragmat/o = partition
-cele = hernia

a hernia of the diaphragm

Front 122

dysphonia

Back 122

dys = difficult
phon = voice
-ia = condition

a condition of difficulty in speaking

Front 123

dyspnea

Back 123

dys = difficult
-pnea = breathing

difficulty in breathing

Front 124

emphysema

Back 124

a chronic pulmonary disease in which the bronchioles become obstructed with mucus

Front 125

empyema

Back 125

pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity

Front 126

endotracheal

Back 126

endo = within
trach/e = trachea
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to within the trachea

Front 127

epistaxis

Back 127

epi = upon
-staxis = dripping

nosebleed; usually from traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the mucous membranes of the nose

Front 128

eupnea

Back 128

eu = good, normal
-pnea = breathing

good or normal breathing

Front 129

exhalation

Back 129

ex = out
halat = breathe
-ion = process

the process of breathing out

Front 130

expectoration

Back 130

ex = out
pectorat = breast
-ion = process

the process by which saliva, mucous, or phlegm is expelled from the air passages

Front 131

Hemilich maneuver

Back 131

a technique for removing a foreign body that is blocking the trachea

Front 132

hemoptysis

Back 132

hem/o = blood
-ptysis = to spit

the spitting up of blood

Front 133

hyperpnea

Back 133

hyper = excessive
-pnea = breathing

excessive or rapid breathing

Front 134

hyperventilation

Back 134

hyper = excessive
ventilat = to air
-ion = process

the process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limit

Front 135

hypoxia

Back 135

hyp = below, deficient
ox = oxygen
-ia = condition

a condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the inspired air

Front 136

influenza

Back 136

an acute, contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus. onset is usually sudden, and symptoms are fever, chills, headache, myalgia, cough, and sore throat.

Front 137

inhalation

Back 137

in = in
halat = breathe
-ion = process

the process of breathing in

Front 138

laryngeal

Back 138

laryng/e = larynx
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to the larynx

Front 139

laryngitis

Back 139

laygn = larynx
-itis = inflammation

Front 140

laryngoscope

Back 140

laryng/o = larynx
-scope = instrument

an instrument used to examine the larynx

Front 141

Legionnaires' disease

Back 141

a severe pulmonary pneumonia

Front 142

lobectomy

Back 142

lob = lobe
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland, such as the lung

Front 143

mesothelioma

Back 143

mes/o = middle
thel/i = nipple
-oma = tumor

a malignant tumor of mesothelium (serious membrane of the pleura) caused by the inhalation of asbestos

Front 144

nasopharyngitis

Back 144

nas/o = nose
pharyng = pharynx
-itis = inflammation

Front 145

olfaction

Back 145

olfact = smell
-ion = process

the process of smelling

Front 146

oropharynx

Back 146

or/o = mouth
pharynx = pharynx

the central portion of the throat that lies between the soft palate and upper portion of the epiglottis

Front 147

orthopnea

Back 147

orth/o = straight
-pnea = breathing

inability to breathe unless in an upright or straight position

Front 148

palatopharyngoplasty

Back 148

palat/o = palate
pharyng/o = pharynx
-plasty = surgical repair

a type of surgery that relieves snoring and sleeping apnea by removing the uvula and the tonsils and reshaping the lining at the back of the throat to enlarge that air passageway

Front 149

pertussis

Back 149

an acute, infectious disease characterized by cough; also called whooping cough

Front 150

pharyngitis

Back 150

pharyng = pharynx
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 151

pleurisy

Back 151

inflammation of the pieura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor

Front 152

pleuritis

Back 152

pleur = pleura
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the pleura

Front 153

pleurodynia

Back 153

pleur/o = pleura
-dynia = pain

pain in the pleura

Front 154

pneumoconiosis

Back 154

pneum/o = lung
con/i = dust
-osis = condition of

a condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust

Front 155

pneumonia

Back 155

pneumon = lung
-ia = condition

inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants

Front 156

pneumonitis

Back 156

pneumon = lung
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the lung

Front 157

pneumothorax

Back 157

pneumo/o = air
thorax = chest

a collection of air in the chest cavity

Front 158

polyp

Back 158

a tumor with a stem, may occur where there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestine

Front 159

pulmonectomy

Back 159

pulmon = lung
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the lung or a part of a lung

Front 160

pyothorax

Back 160

py/o = pus
thorax = chest

pus in the chest cavity

Front 161

rale

Back 161

an abnormal sound heard on auscultaion of the chest; a crackling, rattling, or bubbling sound

Front 162

respirator

Back 162

respirat = breathing
-or = a doer

a type of machine used for prolonged artificial respiration

Front 163

respiratory distress syndrome
(hyaline membrane disease)

Back 163

a condition that may occur in a premature infant in which the lungs are not matured to the point of manufacturing lecithin, a pulmonary surfactant. results in collapse of alveoli, which leads to cyanosis and hypoxia.

Front 164

rhinoplasty

Back 164

rhin/o = nose
plasty = surgical repair

surgical repair of the nose

Front 165

rhinorrhea

Back 165

rhin/o = nose
-rrhea = flow, discharge

Front 166

rhinovirus

Back 166

rhin/o = nose
vir = virus
-us = pertaining to

one of a subgroup of virused that causes the common cold (coryza) in humans

Front 167

rhonchus

Back 167

rhonch = snore
-us = pertaining to

a rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction

Front 168

sarcoidosis

Back 168

sarc = flesh
-ois = resemble
-osis = condition of

a chronic granulomatous condition that may involve almost any organ system of the body. the lungs are usually involved and this causes dyspnea on exertion.

Front 169

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Back 169

a contagious respiratory infection. a serious form of pneumonia

Front 170

sinusitis

Back 170

sinus = a curve, hollow
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of a sinus

Front 171

spirometer

Back 171

spri/o = breath
-meter = instrument to measure

an instrument used to measure the volume of respired air

Front 172

sputum

Back 172

substance coughed up from lungs; may be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody and may contain microorganisms

Front 173

stridor

Back 173

a high-pitched sound caused by obstruction of the air passageway

Front 174

tachypnea

Back 174

tachy = fast
-pnea = breathing

fast breathing

Front 175

thoraconcentesis

Back 175

thorac/o = chest
-centesis = surgical puncture

surgical puncture of the chest for removal of fluid

Front 176

thoracoplasty

Back 176

thorac/o = chest
-plasty = surgical repair

surgical repair of the chest

Front 177

thoraectomy

Back 177

thorac/o = chest
-tomy = incision

incision of the chest

Front 178

tonsillectomy

Back 178

tonsil = almond, tonsil
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the tonsils

Front 179

tonsillitis

Back 179

tonsil = almond, tonsil
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the tonsils

Front 180

tracheal

Back 180

trach/e = trachea
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to the trachea

Front 181

trachealgia

Back 181

teach/e = trachea
-algia = pain

pain in the trachea

Front 182

tracheolaryngotomy

Back 182

trache/o = trachea
laryng/o = larynx
-tomy = incision

incision into the larynx and trachea

Front 183

tracheostomy

Back 183

trache/o = trachea
-stomy = new opening

new opening into the trachea

Front 184

tuberculosis

Back 184

tubercul = a little swelling
-osis = condition of

an infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus

Front 185

wheeze

Back 185

a whistling sound caused by obstruction of air passageway

Front 186

albuminuria

Back 186

albumin = protein
-uria = urine

presence of serum protein in the urine

Front 187

antidiuretic

Back 187

anti = against
di(a) = through
uret = urine
-ic = pertaining to

pertaining to a medication that decreases urine secretion

Front 188

anuria

Back 188

an = without
-uria = urine

without the formation of urine

Front 189

bacteriuria

Back 189

bacter/i = bacteria
uria = urine

presence of bateria in urine

Front 190

calciuria

Back 190

calc/i = calcium
-uria = urine

presence of calcium in urine

Front 191

calculus

Back 191

a pebble, any abnormal concretion (stone)

Front 192

catheter

Back 192

a tube of elastic, elastic web, rubber, glass, metal, or plastic that is inserted into a body cavity to remove fluid or to inject fluid

Front 193

cystectomy

Back 193

cyst = bladder
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the bladder of part of the bladder

Front 194

cystitis

Back 194

cyst = bladder
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the bladder

Front 195

cystocele

Back 195

cyst/o = bladder
-cele = hernia

hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina

Front 196

cystodynia

Back 196

cyst/o = bladder
-dynia = pain

pain in the bladder

Front 197

cystogram

Back 197

cyst/o = bladder
-gram = a mark, record

an x-ray record of the bladder

Front 198

cystolithectomy

Back 198

cyst/o = bladder
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a stone from the bladder

Front 199

cystoscope

Back 199

cyst/o = bladder
-scope = instrument

an instrument used for examination of the bladder

Front 200

dialysis

Back 200

dia = through
-lysis = destruction, to separate

a procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluis, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of the kidney

Front 201

diuresis

Back 201

di(a) = through
ure = urinate
-sis = condition

condition of increased or excessive flow of urine

Front 202

dysuria

Back 202

dys = difficult, painful
-uria = urine

difficult or painful urinati

Front 203

edema

Back 203

an abnormal condition in which the vody tissues contain an accumlation of fluid

Front 204

enuresis

Back 204

a condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting

Front 205

excretory

Back 205

excret = sifted out
-ory = like, resemble

pertaining to elimination of waste products from body

Front 206

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotriptor

Back 206

extra = outside of
corpor/e = body
-al = pertaining to

a device used to crush kidney stones. patient is sedated and immersed in a water bath while shock waves pound the stones and they crumble into small pieces. the pieces are flushed out with urine.

Front 207

glomerular

Back 207

glomerul = glomerulus, little ball
-ar = pertaining to

pertaining to the glomerulus

Front 208

glomerulitis

Back 208

glomerul = glomerulus, little ball
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the renal glomeruli

Front 209

glomerulonephritis

Back 209

glomerul = glomerulus, little ball
nephr = kidney
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli

Front 210

glycosuria

Back 210

glycos = sweet, sugar
-uria = urine

presence of glucose in the urine

Front 211

hematuria

Back 211

hemat = blood
-uria = urine

presence of blood in the urine

Front 212

hemodialysis

Back 212

hem/o = blood
dia = through
-lysis = to separate

the use od an artifical kidney to separate waste from the blood. the blood is circulated through tubes made of semipermeable membranes, and these tubes are continually bathed by solutions that remove waste.

Front 213

hydronephrosis

Back 213

hydro = water
nephr = kidney
-osis = condition of

a condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis because of an obstructed outflow.

Front 214

hypercalciuria

Back 214

hyper = excessive
calci = calcium
-uria = urine

an excessive amount of calcium in the urine

Front 215

incontinence

Back 215

in = not
continence = to hold

the inability to hold urine

Front 216

interstitial cystits

Back 216

a chronically irritable and painful inflammation of the bladder wall

Front 217

ketonuria

Back 217

keton = ketone
-uria = urine

presence of ketones in the urine

Front 218

lithotripsy

Back 218

lith/o = stone
-tripsy = crushing

the crushing of a kidney stone

Front 219

meatotomy

Back 219

meat/o = passage
-tomy

incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening

Front 220

meatus

Back 220

an opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra

Front 221

micturition

Back 221

micturit = to urinate
-ion = process

the process of urination

Front 222

nephrectomy

Back 222

nephr = kidney
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a kidney

Front 223

nephritis

Back 223

nephr = kidney
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the kidney

Front 224

nephrocystitis

Back 224

nephr/o = kidney
cyst = bladder
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the bladder and the kidney

Front 225

nephrolith

Back 225

nephr/o = kidney
-lith = stone, calculus

kidney stone, calculus

Front 226

nephrology

Back 226

nephr/o = kidney
-logy = study of

study of the kidney

Front 227

nephroma

Back 227

nephr = kidney
-oma = tumor

kidney tumor

Front 228

nephron

Back 228

stuctural and functional unit of the kidney

Front 229

nephropathy

Back 229

nephr/o = kidney
-pathy = disease

disease of the kidney

Front 230

nephrosclerosis

Back 230

nephr/o = kidney
scler = hardening
-osis = condition of

a condition of hardening of the kidney

Front 231

nocturia

Back 231

noct = night
-uria = urine

excessive urination during the night

Front 232

oliguria

Back 232

olig = scanty
-uria = urine

scanty urination

Front 233

percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy

Back 233

per = through
cutan/e = skin
-ous = pertaining to
ultra = beyond
son = sound
-ic = pertaining to
lith/o = stone
-tripsy = crushing

the crushing of a kidney stone by using ultrasound. this is an invasive surgical procedure performed by using a nephroscope or fluoroscopy.

Front 234

peritoneal dialysis

Back 234

periton/e = peritoneum
-al = pertaing to
dia = through
-lysis = to separate

separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis. fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, and wastes from the blood pass into this fluid. the fluid and waste are then removed from the body.

Front 235

periurethral

Back 235

peri = around
urethr = urethra
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to around the urethra

Front 236

polyuria

Back 236

poly = excessive
-uria = urine

excessive urination

Front 237

pyelocystitis

Back 237

pyel/o = renal pelvis
cyst = bladder
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis

Front 238

pyelolithotomy

Back 238

pyel/o = renal pelvis
lith/o = stone
-tomy = incision

surgical incision into the renal pelvis for removal of a stone

Front 239

pyelonephritis

Back 239

pyel/o = renal pelvis
nephr = kidney
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

Front 240

pyuria

Back 240

py = pus
-uria = urine

pus in the urine

Front 241

renal

Back 241

ren = kidney
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to the kidney

Front 242

renal colic

Back 242

an acute pain that occurs in the kidney area and is caused by blockage during the passage of a stone

Front 243

renal failure

Back 243

cessation of proper functioning of the kidney

Front 244

renal transplant

Back 244

surgical procedure to implant a donor kidney to a recipient

Front 245

renin

Back 245

an enzyme produced by the kidney

Front 246

residual urine

Back 246

urine that is left in the bladder after urination

Front 247

sediment

Back 247

substance that settles at the bottom of a liquid; a precipitate

Front 248

specific gravity

Back 248

weight of a substance compared with an equal amount of water

Front 249

specimen

Back 249

sample of tissue, blood, urine, or other material intended to show the nature of the whole

Front 250

sterile

Back 250

state of being free from living microorganisms; asepsis

Front 251

stricture

Back 251

strict = to draw, to bind
-ure = process

an abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureterm or urethra

Front 252

trigonitis

Back 252

trigon = trigone
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the trigone of the bladder

Front 253

urea

Back 253

chief nitrogenous constituent of urine

Front 254

uremia

Back 254

ur = urine
-emia = blood condition

condition of excess urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood

Front 255

ureterocolostomy

Back 255

ureter/o = ureter
col/o = colon
-stomy = new opening

surgical implantation of the ureter into the colon

Front 256

ureteropathy

Back 256

ureter/o = ureter
-pathy = disease

disease of the ureter

Front 257

ureteroplasty

Back 257

ureter/o = ureter
-plasty = surgical repair

surgical repair of the ureter

Front 258

urethralgia

Back 258

urethr/o = urethra
-algia = pain

pain in the urethra

Front 259

urethral stricture

Back 259

urethr/o = urethra
-al = pertaining to
strict = to draw, to bind

a narrowing or constriction of the urethra

Front 260

urethroperineal

Back 260

urethr/o = urethra
perine = perineum
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to the urethra and perineum

Front 261

urgency

Back 261

sudden need to void, urinate

Front 262

uric acid

Back 262

an end product of purine metabolism; a common component of urinary and renal stones

Front 263

urinal

Back 263

urin = urine
-al = pertaining to

a container, toilet, or bathroom fixture into which one urinates

Front 264

urinalysis

Back 264

urin = urine
a = apart
-lysis = destruction, to separate

analysis of the urine; a separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements

Front 265

urination

Back 265

urinat = urine
-ion = process

process of voiding urine

Front 266

urine

Back 266

waste product of fluid and dissolved substances secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and excreted through the urethra

Front 267

urinometer

Back 267

urin/o = urine
-meter = instument, to measure

an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of urine

Front 268

urobilin

Back 268

ur/o = urine
bil = bile
-in = chemical

brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen; may be formed in the urine after exposure to air

Front 269

urochrome

Back 269

pigment that gives urine the normal yellow color

Front 270

urologist

Back 270

ur/o = urine
log = study of
-ist = one who specializes

one who specializes in the study of the urinary system

Front 271

urology

Back 271

ur/o = urine
-logy = study of

study of the urinary system

Front 272

void

Back 272

empty the bladder

Front 273

acidosis

Back 273

acid = acid
-osis = condition of

condition of excessive acidity of body fluids

Front 274

acromegaly

Back 274

acr/o = extremity
-megaly = enlargement, large

chronic disease marked by enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive growth hormone

Front 275

Addison's disease

Back 275

results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones

Front 276

adenectomy

Back 276

aden = gland
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a gland

Front 277

adenoma

Back 277

aden = gland
-oma = tumor

tumor of a gland

Front 278

adenosis

Back 278

aden = gland
-osis = condition of

any disease condition of a gland

Front 279

adrenal

Back 279

ad = toward
ren = kidney
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to toward the kidney

Front 280

adrenalectomy

Back 280

ad = toward
ren = kidney
-al = pertaining to
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the adrenal gland

Front 281

adrenopathy

Back 281

ad = toward
ren/o = kidney
-pathy = disease

any disease of the adrenal gland

Front 282

aldosterone

Back 282

a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate metabolism of sodium, chloride, and potassium

Front 283

androgen

Back 283

andr/o = man
-gen = formation, produce

hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics. the two major androgens are testosterone and androsterone.

Front 284

catecholamines

Back 284

biochemical substances, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Front 285

cortisone

Back 285

cortis = cortex
-one = hormone

glucocorticoid hormone that is isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as anti-inflammatory agent

Front 286

cretinism

Back 286

cretin = cretin
-ism = condition of

congential deficiency in secretion of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Front 287

Cushing's disease

Back 287

results from hypersecretion of cortisol. symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance.

Front 288

diabetes

Back 288

dia = through
-betes = to go

a disease characterized by excessive discharge of urine

Front 289

dopamine

Back 289

intermediate substance in the synthesis of norepinephrine; used in the treatment of shock as it acts to elevate blood pressure and increase urinary output.

Front 290

dwarfism

Back 290

dwarf = small
-ism = condition of

condition of being abnormally small

Front 291

endocrine

Back 291

endo = within
crine = to secrete

ductless gland that produces an internal secretion

Front 292

endocrinologist

Back 292

endo = within
crin/o = to secrete
log = study of
-ist = one who specializes

one who specializes in the study of the endocrine system

Front 293

endocrinology

Back 293

endo = within
crin/o = to secrete
-logy = study of

study of the endocrine system

Front 294

epinephrine

Back 294

epi = upon
nephr = kidney
-ine = pertaining to

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor, as a cardiac stimulant, to relax bronchospasm, and to relieve allergic symptoms; also called adrenaline

Front 295

estrogen

Back 295

estr/o = mad desire
-gen = formation, produce

hormone produces by ovaries, including estradiol, estrone, and estiol; female sex hormones important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulation of the menstual cycle

Front 296

euthyroid

Back 296

eu = good, normal
thry = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble

normal activty of the thyroid gland

Front 297

exocrine

Back 297

exo = out, away from
crine = to secrete

external secretion of a gland

Front 298

exophthalmic

Back 298

ex = out, away from
ophthaim = eye
-ic = pertaining to

pertaining to an abnormal protrusion of the eye

Front 299

galactorrhea

Back 299

galact/o = milk
-rrhea = flow, discharge

excessive secretion of milk after cessation of nursing

Front 300

gigantism

Back 300

gigant = giant
-ism = condition of

condition of being abnormally large

Front 301

glandular

Back 301

glandul = little acorn
-ar = pertaining to

pertaining to a gland

Front 302

glucocorticoid

Back 302

gluc/o = sweet, sugar
cortic = cortex
-oid = resemble

general classification of the adrenal cortical hormones

Front 303

hirsutism

Back 303

hirsut = hairy
-ism = condition of

adnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially in women

Front 304

hormone

Back 304

chemical substance produced by the endocrine glands

Front 305

hydrocortisone

Back 305

hydro = water
cortis = cortex
-one = hormone

glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Front 306

hypergonadism

Back 306

hyper = excessive
gonad = seed
-ism = condition of

condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands

Front 307

hyperinsulinism

Back 307

hyper = excessive
insulin = insulin
-ism = condition of

condition of excessive amounts of insulin in the blood

Front 308

hyperkalemia

Back 308

hyper = excessive
kal = potassium (K)
-emia = blood condition

condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

Front 309

hyperthyroidism

Back 309

hyper = excessive
thyr = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble
-ism = condition of

condition caused by excessive secretion of the thyroid gland

Front 310

hypogonadism

Back 310

hypo = deficient
gonad = seed
-ism = condition of

condition caused by deficient internal secretion of the gonads

Front 311

hypoparathyroidism

Back 311

hypo = deficient
para = beside
thyr = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble
-ism = condition of

deficient internal secretion of the parathyroid glands

Front 312

hypophysis

Back 312

hypo = deficient, under
-physis = growth

any undergrowth; pituitary body

Front 313

hypothyroidism

Back 313

hypo = deficient
thyr = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble
-ism = condition of

deficient secretion of the thyroid gland

Front 314

insulin

Back 314

insul = insulin, island
-in = chemical

hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats; used in management of diabetes mellitus

Front 315

insulinogenic

Back 315

insulin/o = insulin, island
-genic = formation, produce

formation or production of insulin

Front 316

iodine

Back 316

trace mineral that aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland

Front 317

lethargic

Back 317

letharg = drowsiness
-ic = pertaining to

pertaining to drowsiness, sluggish

Front 318

myxedema

Back 318

myx = mucus
-edema = swelling

condition of mucus swelling resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland

Front 319

norepinephrine

Back 319

nor = not
epi = upon
nephr = kidney
-ine = pertaining to

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in acute hypotensive states

Front 320

oxytocin

Back 320

hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk during nursing

Front 321

pancreatic

Back 321

pan = all
creat = flesh
-ic = pertaining to

pertaining to the pancreas

Front 322

parathyroid

Back 322

para = beside
thyr = thyroid, sheild
-oid = resemble

an endocrine gland located beside the thyroid gland

Front 323

pineal

Back 323

pine = pine cone
-al = pertaining to

endocrine gland that is shaped like a small pine cone

Front 324

pituitarism

Back 324

pituitar = phlegm
-ism = condition

any condition of the pituitary gland

Front 325

pituitary

Back 325

pituitar = phlegm
-y = pertaining to

pertaining to phlegm; the pituitary body or gland, the hypophysis

Front 326

progeria

Back 326

pro = before
ger = old age
-ia = condition

condition of premature old age occuring in childhood

Front 327

progesterone

Back 327

pro = before
gester = to bear
-one = hormone

hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the adrenal cortex, or the placenta; released during the second half of the menstrual cycle

Front 328

somatotropin

Back 328

somat/o = body
trop = turn
-in = chemical

growth-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Front 329

steroids

Back 329

ster = solid
-oid = resemble

a group of chemical substances that includes hormones, vitamines, sterols, cardiac glycosides, and certain drugs

Front 330

testosterone

Back 330

test/o = testicle
ster = solid
-one = hormone

hormone produced by the testes; male sex hormone important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and masculinization

Front 331

thymectomy

Back 331

thym = thymus
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the thymus gland

Front 332

thymitis

Back 332

thym = thymus
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the thymus gland

Front 333

thyroid

Back 333

thyr = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble

resembling a shield, one of the endocrine glands

Front 334

thyroidectomy

Back 334

thyr = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of the thyroid gland

Front 335

thyroiditis

Back 335

thyr = thyroid, shield
-oid = resemble
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Front 336

thyrotoxicosis

Back 336

thry/o = thyroid, shield
toxic = poison
-osis = condition of

poisonous condition of the thyroid gland caused by hyperactivity

Front 337

thyroxine

Back 337

thyro = thyroid, shield
-ine = pertaining to

hormone produced by the thyroid gland; important in growth and development and regulation of the body's metabolic rate and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Front 338

vasopressin

Back 338

vas/o = vessel
press = to press
-in = chemical

hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called antidiuretic hormone ADH

Front 339

virilism

Back 339

viril = masculine
-ism = condition of

condition of masculinity developed in a women

Front 340

acetylcholine (ACh)

Back 340

cholinergic neurotransmitter that occurs in various tissues and organs of the body. it is though to play an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses and myoneural junctions.

Front 341

acrophobia

Back 341

acr/o = extremity
-phobia = fear

abnormal fear of high places

Front 342

agoraphobia

Back 342

agor/a = marketplace
-phobia = fear

abnormal fear of being alone in public places; an anxiety syndrome and panic disorder

Front 343

akathesia

Back 343

the inability to remain still, motor, restlessness, and anxiety

Front 344

akinesia

Back 344

a = lack of
-kinesia = motion

a loss or lack of the power of voluntary motion

Front 345

Alzheimer's disease

Back 345

severe form of senile dementia that may be due to some defect in the neurotransmitter system. there is cortical destruction that causes variable degrees of confusion, memory loss, and other cognitive defects

Front 346

amnesia

Back 346

a = lack of
mnea = memory
-ia = condition

condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory

Front 347

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Back 347

a = not
my/o = muscle
-troph(y) = development
-ic = pertaining to
later = side
-al = pertaining to
scler = hardening
-osis = condition of

muscular weakness, atrophy, with, spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cor, medulla, and cortex

Front 348

analgesia

Back 348

an = lack of
-algesia = pain

lack of sense of pain

Front 349

anencephaly

Back 349

an = lack of
encephal = brain
-y = condition

congenital condition in which there is a lack of development of the brain

Front 350

anesthesia

Back 350

an = lack of
-esthesia = feeling

a loss or lack of the sense of feeling

Front 351

anesthesiologist

Back 351

an = lack of
esthesi/o = feeling
log = study of
-ist = one who specializes

physician who specializes in the science of anesthesia

Front 352

aphagia

Back 352

a = lack of
-phagia = to eat

a loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow

Front 353

aphasia

Back 353

a = lack of
-phasia = to speak

loss or lack of the ability to speak

Front 354

apoplexy

Back 354

sudden loss of consciousness caused by an embolus, a thrombus, or rupture of an artery in the brain; stroke

Front 355

apraxia

Back 355

a = lack of
-praxia = action

loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly

Front 356

asthenia

Back 356

a = lack of
-sthenia = strength

loss or lack of strength

Front 357

astrocyte

Back 357

astro = star-shaped
-cyte = cell

star-shaped neuroglial cell with many branching processes

Front 358

astrocytoma

Back 358

astro = star-shaped
cyt = cell
-oma = tumor

tumor composed of astrocytes

Front 359

ataxia

Back 359

a = lack of
-taxia = order

loss or lack of muscular coordination

Front 360

atelomyelia

Back 360

atel/o = imperfect
myel = spinal cord
-ia = condition of

condition of imperfect development of the spinal cord

Front 361

autism

Back 361

aut = self
-ism = condition of

mental disorder in which the individual is self-absorbed, inaccessible, and unable to relate to others and has language disturbances. syndrome usually beginning in infancy and becoming apparent in the first or second year of life.

Front 362

bradykinesia

Back 362

brady = slow
-kinesia = motion

an abnormal slowness of motion

Front 363

cephalalgia

Back 363

cephal = head
-algia = pain

head pain; headache

Front 364

cerebellar

Back 364

cerebell = little brain
-ar = pertaining to

pertaining to the cerebellum

Front 365

cerebellospinal

Back 365

cerebell/o = little brain
spin = a thorn, spine
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to the cerebellum and spinal cord

Front 366

cerebrospinal

Back 366

cerbr/o = cerebrum
spin = a thorn, spine
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to the cerebrum and the spinal cord

Front 367

chorea

Back 367

condition of rapid, jerky involuntary muscular movements of the limbs or face

Front 368

coma

Back 368

an unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be around

Front 369

concussion (brain)

Back 369

concuss = shaken violently
-ion = process

loss of consciousness, temporary or prolonged, caused by a blow to the head

Front 370

craniectomy

Back 370

cran/i = skull
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a portion of the skull

Front 371

craniotomy

Back 371

crani/o = skull
-tomy = incision

Front 372

deep brain stimulation

Back 372

technique used to stop uncontrollable movements in Parkinson's disease. electrodes are implanted in the thalamus or globus pallidus of the brain and connected to a pacemaker -like device, which the patient can switch on or off as symptoms dictate.

Front 373

delirium

Back 373

a state of mental confusion marked by illusions, hallucinations, excitement, restlessness, delusion, and speech incoherence

Front 374

dementia

Back 374

de = down
ment = mind
-ia = condition of

refers to a group of symptoms marked my memory loss and other cognitive functions

Front 375

diskectomy

Back 375

disk = a disk
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of an intervertebral disk

Front 376

dyslexia

Back 376

dys = difficult
lexia = diction

condition in which an individual has difficulty in comprehending written language

Front 377

dysphasia

Back 377

dys = difficult
-phasia = speak

impairment of speech caused by a brain lesion

Front 378

egocentric

Back 378

eg/o = I,self
centr = center
-ic = pertaining to

pertaining to being self-centered

Front 379

electroencephalograph

Back 379

electr/o = electricity
encephal/o = brain
-graph = to write

an instrument used to record the electrical activity of the brain

Front 380

electromyography

Back 380

electr/o = electricity
my/o = muscle
-graphy = recording

recording of the contraction of a skeletal muscle as a result of electrical stimulation; used in diagnosing disorders of nerves supplying muscles

Front 381

encephalitis

Back 381

encephal = brain
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the brain

Front 382

encephalomalacia

Back 382

encephal/o = brain
-malacia = softening

softening of the brain

Front 383

endorphins

Back 383

chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics

Front 384

epidural

Back 384

epi = upon
dur = dura, hard
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to situated upon the dura mater

Front 385

epiduroscopy

Back 385

epi = upon
dur/o = dura, hand
-scopy = to view, examine

minimally invasive form of surgery that introduces medication via an endoscope into the epidural space. it is used for back pain relief when all other conservative treatments have failed.

Front 386

epilepsy

Back 386

epi = upon
-lepsy = seizure

disorder od cerebral function resulting from abnormal electrical activity or malfunctioning of the chemical substances of the brain.

Front 387

ganglionectomy

Back 387

ganglion = knot
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a ganglion (mass of nerve tissue outside the brain and spinal cord)

Front 388

glioma

Back 388

gli = glue
-oma = tumor

tumor composed of neuroglial tissue

Front 389

hemiparesis

Back 389

hemi = half
-paresis = weakness

slight paralysis that affects one side of the body

Front 390

hemiplegia

Back 390

hemi = half
-plegia = stroke, paralysis

paralysis that affects one half of the body

Front 391

herpes zoster

Back 391

acute viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along the segment of the spinal or cranial nerves

Front 392

hydrocephalus

Back 392

hydro = water
cephal = head
-us = pertaining to

pertaining to an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain

Front 393

hyperesthesia

Back 393

hyper = excessive
-esthesia = feeling

excessive feelings of sensory stimuli, such as pain, touch, or sound

Front 394

hyperkinesis

Back 394

hyper = excessive
-kinesis = motion

excessive muscular movement and motion; inabilty to be still; hyperactivity

Front 395

hypnosis

Back 395

hypn = sleep
-osis = condition of

artificially induced condition of sleep

Front 396

intracranial

Back 396

intra = within
crani = skull
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to within the skull

Front 397

laminectomy

Back 397

lamin = thin plate
-ectomy = excision

surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch

Front 398

lobotomy

Back 398

lob/o = lobe
-tomy = incision

surgical incision into the prefrontal or frontal lobe of the brain

Front 399

meningioma

Back 399

mening/i = membrane
-oma = tumor

tumor of the meninges that originates in the arachnoidal tissue

Front 400

meningitis

Back 400

mening = membrane
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain

Front 401

meningocele

Back 401

mening/o = membrane
-cele = hernia

congenital herniation of the skull or spinal column in which the meninges protrude through an opening

Front 402

meningomyelocele

Back 402

mening/o = membrane
myel/o = spinal cord
-cele = hernia

congenital herniation of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column

Front 403

microcephalus

Back 403

micro = small
cephal = head
-us = pertaining to

pertaining to an individual with a very small head

Front 404

multiple sclerosis

Back 404

scler = hardening
-osis = condition of

chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath. plaques occur in the brain and spinal cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and speech

Front 405

myelitis

Back 405

myel = spinal cord
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the spinal cord

Front 406

myelography

Back 406

myel/o = spinal cord
-graphy = recording

x-ray recording of the spinal cord after injection of a radiopulse

Front 407

narcolepsy

Back 407

narc/o = numbness
-lepsy = seizure

chronic condition in which there are recurrent attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep

Front 408

neuralgia

Back 408

neur = nerve
-algia = pain

pain in a nerve or nerves

Front 409

neurasthenia

Back 409

neur = nerve
-asthenia = weakness

nervous weakness, exhaustion prostration common after depressed states

Front 410

neurilemma

Back 410

neur/i = nerve
-lemma = a sheath, husk, rind

thin membranous sheath that envelops a nerve fiber

Front 411

neuroblast

Back 411

neur/o = nerve
-blast = germ cell

germ cell from which nervous tissue is formed

Front 412

neuroblastoma

Back 412

neur/o = nerve
-blast = germ cell
-oma = tumor

malignant tumor composed chiefly of neuroblast; occurs mostly in infants and children

Front 413

neurocyte

Back 413

neur/o = nerve
-cyte = cell

nerve cell, neuron

Front 414

neurofibroma

Back 414

neur/o = nerve
fibr = fiber
-oma = tumor

fibrous connective tissue tumor, especially involving the Schwann cells of a nerve

Front 415

neuroglia

Back 415

neur/o = nerve
-glia = glue

supporting elements of the nervous system

Front 416

neuroleptic

Back 416

neur/o = nerve
lept = seizure
-ic = pertaining to

medicine that produces psychomotor slowing, emotional quieting, and extrapyramidal effects; antipsychotic

Front 417

neuroma

Back 417

neur = nerve
-oma = tumor

tumor of nerve cells and nerve fibers

Front 418

neurosis

Back 418

neur = nerve
-osis = condition of

emotional condition or disorder

Front 419

neurotransmitter

Back 419

substances within neurons and the cerebrospinal fluid that allow nerve cells to communicate with one another

Front 420

oligodendroglioma

Back 420

oligo = little
dendr/o = tree
gli = glue
-oma = tumor

malignant tumor derived and composed of oligodendroglia

Front 421

pallidotomy

Back 421

pallid/o = globus pallidus
-tomy = incision

surgical destruction of the globus pallidus of the brain done to treat involuntary movements or muscular rigidity in Parkinson's disease

Front 422

palsy

Back 422

loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function; paralysis

Front 423

papilledema

Back 423

papill = papilla
-edema = swelling

swelling of the optical disk, usually caused by increased intracranial pressure

Front 424

paranoia

Back 424

para = beside
-noia = mind

mental disorder

Front 425

paraplegia

Back 425

para = beside
-plegia = stroke, paralysis

paralysis of both legs and in some caes the lower portion of the body

Front 426

paresis

Back 426

slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis

Front 427

paresthesia

Back 427

par = beside
-esthesia = feeling

abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, or tingling

Front 428

Parkinson's disease

Back 428

chronic diease of the nervous system. it is characterized by a loss of equilibrium and by salivation, frustration, nausea, dryness of the mouth, and muscular tremors

Front 429

paroxysm

Back 429

sudden recurrence of the symptoms of a disease, an axacerbation; spasm or seizure

Front 430

pheochromocytoma

Back 430

phe/o = dusky
chrom/o = color
cyt = cell
-oma = tumor

chromaffin cell tumor of the adrenal medulla or of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 431

poliomyelitis

Back 431

poli/o = gray
myel = spinal cord
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Front 432

polyneuritis

Back 432

poly = many
neur = nerve
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of many nerves

Front 433

psychosis

Back 433

psych = mind
-osis = condition of

abnormal condition of the mind

Front 434

psychosomatic

Back 434

psych/o = mind
somat = body
-ic = pertaining to

pertaining to the interrelationship of the mind and the body

Front 435

pyromania

Back 435

pyro = fire
-mania = madness

a madness for fire

Front 436

Reye's syndrome

Back 436

acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration of the liver and other vital organs. occurs in children and has a relation to aspirin administration.

Front 437

somnambulism

Back 437

somn = sleep
ambul = to walk
-ism = condition of

condition of sleepwalking

Front 438

spondylosyndesis

Back 438

spndyl/o = vertebra
syn = together
-desis = binding

surgical procedure to bind vertebra after removal of a herniated risk

Front 439

subdural

Back 439

sub = below
dur = dura, hand
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to below the dura mater

Front 440

syncope

Back 440

syn = together
-cope = strike

temporary loss of consciousness caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain

Front 441

tactile

Back 441

pertaining to the sense of touch

Front 442

Tay-Sachs disease

Back 442

inherited disease that predominantly affects Jewish children of Ashkenazi origin. it is a progressive disease marked by degeneration of brain tisse.

Front 443

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations (TENS)

Back 443

use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with the transmission of painful stimuli

Front 444

vagotomy

Back 444

vag/o = vagus, wandering
-tomy = incision

surgical incision of the vagus nerve

Front 445

ventriculometry

Back 445

ventricul/o = little belly
-metry = measurement measurement of intracranial pressure

Front 446

auricle

Back 446

aur/i = ear
-cle = small

external portion of the ear

Front 447

biaural

Back 447

bin = twice
aur = ear
-al = pertaining to

pertaining to both ears

Front 448

cerumen

Back 448

earwax, yellowish substance secreted by the glands in the canal of the external ear

Front 449

cholesteatoma

Back 449

chol/e = gall or bile
steat = fat
-oma = tumor

a tumor-like mass filled with epithrlial cells and cholesterol

Front 450

cochlea

Back 450

portion of the inner ear shaped like a snail shell; contains organs of hearing referred to as the organ of Corti