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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abduction
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themovement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or fromanother part.
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Adduction
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Movementof a limb toward the midline of the body. The opposite of adduction isabduction
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Agnosia
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inabilityto interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result ofbrain damage.
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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progressivemental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalizeddegeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.
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Anencephaly
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isa neural tube defect in which the top part of the skull and brain fail to formproperly. anencephaly is a birth defect that affects the closing of the neuraltube during pregnancy.
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Aphasia
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loss of ability to understandor express speech, caused by brain damage.
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Apraxia
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inability to perform particular purposiveactions, as a result of brain damage.
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Autism
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a mental condition, present from earlychildhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and formingrelationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts
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Bradykinesia
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can be a symptom ofnervous system disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, or a side effect ofmedications.
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Bell’s Palsy
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paralysis of the facial nerve, causing muscularweakness in one side of the face.
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Cerebellum
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the part of the brain at the back of the skullin vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
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Cerebral Palsy
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a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination(spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage tothe brain before or at birth.
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Cerebrum
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the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body
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Concussion
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a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limbor of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associatedespecially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certaintoxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children.
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Convulsion:
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a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limbor of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associatedespecially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certaintoxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children.
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Demyelination:
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a chronic or persistent disorder of the mentalprocesses caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders,personality changes, and impaired reasoning.
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Encephalitis
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inflammation of the brain,caused by infection or an allergic reaction.
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Epilepsy
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a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrentepisodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions,associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
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Failure to Thrive (FTT):
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morerecently known as faltering weight or weight faltering, is a term used inpediatric, adult as well as veterinary medicine, (where it is also referred toas ill thrift) to indicate insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weightloss.
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Huntington’s Chorea
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a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of thebrain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.
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Hydrocephalus
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a condition in which fluid accumulates in thebrain, typically in young children, enlarging the head and sometimes causingbrain damage.
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Meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges caused by viral orbacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity tolight, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions,delirium, and death.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
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form of medical imaging that measures theresponse of the atomic nuclei of body tissues to high-frequency radio waveswhen placed in a strong magnetic field, and that produces images of theinternal organs
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Neurotransmitter
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a chemical substance that is released at the end of anerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across thesynapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber,a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
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Parkinson’s Disease
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a progressive disease of the nervous system marked bytremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affectingmiddle-aged and elderly people. It is associated with degeneration of the basalganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
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Paresis
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a condition of muscular weakness caused by nervedamage or disease; partial paralysis.
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Reflex Action:
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A reflex action, differently known as a reflex, is aninvoluntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
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Rhinorrhea
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or rhinorrhoea is a condition where the nasal cavityis filled with a significant amount of mucus fluid. The condition, commonlyknown as a "runny nose", occurs relatively frequently. Rhinorrhea isa common symptom of allergies or certain diseases, such as the common cold orhay fever.
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Romberg Test
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The Romberg test is a test of the body's senseof positioning (proprioception), which requires healthy functioning of thedorsal columns of the spinal cord. The Romberg test is used to investigate thecause of loss of motor coordination (ataxia).
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Schwann Cell/ Neurilemma:
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Neurolemma (also known as neurilemma or sheathof Schwann (Schwann's Sheath)) is the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer ofSchwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It forms the outermost layerof the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system.
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Spina Bifida Cystica
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A bony defect in the vertebral column thatcauses a cleft in that column. The meningeal membranes that cover the spinalcord and part of the spinal cord protrude through this cleft, and are clearlyvisible.
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Spina Bifida Occulta
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Spina bifida with noprotrusion of the meninges or spinal cord
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Synapse:
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ajunction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across whichimpulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
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Syndactyly
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the condition of having some or all of thefingers or toes wholly or partly united, either naturally (as in web-footedanimals) or as a malformation.
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Tay-Sachs Disease
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an inherited metabolic disorder in which certainlipids accumulate in the brain, causing spasticity and death in childhood.
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Tetany
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a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms,caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency ofcalcium.
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