Medical Terminology Test 1 Chapters 1 & 2

Front 1

medical words consist of the parts...

Back 1

prefix, suffix, word root, combining form

Front 2

word root is

Back 2

the main part or foundation of the word
each med word will have at least one word root

Front 3

in medical words, word root usually indicates

Back 3

a body part

Front 4

cardi

Back 4

heart

Front 5

dent

Back 5

tooth

Front 6

pancreat

Back 6

pancreas

Front 7

dermat

Back 7

skin

Front 8

gastr

Back 8

stomach

Front 9

enter

Back 9

intestine

Front 10

-ist

Back 10

specialist

Front 11

-al

Back 11

pertaining to

Front 12

-oma

Back 12

tumor

Front 13

Suffixes are at ____

Back 13

the end

Front 14

Suffixes will usually indicate

Back 14

a procedure, condition, disease or part of speach

Front 15

3 rules of word building as pertaining to suffixes

Back 15

If suffix starts with a vowel, o not needed btw the word root and the suffix
need o when suffix doesnt start with a vowel
always use o to connect to word roots`

Front 16

Prefixes

Back 16

@ beg.
-usually indicates a #, time, position, or negation

Front 17

intra

Back 17

in, within

Front 18

post

Back 18

after

Front 19

peri

Back 19

around

Front 20

pre

Back 20

in front of, before

Front 21

When defining a medical word, what is the order that you look at the word parts?

Back 21

1. suffix
2. prefix
3. middle

Front 22

diacritical marks are

Back 22

symbowls placed above or under vowels

Front 23

the macron

Back 23

type of diacritical mark (-) dash above vowel
indicates a long sound, straight could drag.
MacrON is lONg

Front 24

the breve

Back 24

diacritical mark that is curved dash above a vowel
short sound has to stop when curved
breve, sounds like brief

Front 25

Capitalization used to indicate

Back 25

primary accent

Front 26

pronunciation:
ae and oe

Back 26

for ae and oe, only the second vowel is pronounced

Front 27

pronunciation:
s and j

Back 27

pronounce s like c if before e, i and y
j like g if before an e,i,y

Front 28

before other letters c and g have

Back 28

hard sounds

Front 29

ch sometimes pronounced like

Back 29

k

Front 30

when pn is at the front, what letter is silent and which is pronounced?

Back 30

p is silent, n pronounced

Front 31

when pn in the middle

Back 31

p and n pronounced

Front 32

ps at beginning only the

Back 32

s is pronounced

Front 33

when e or es final letters of word

Back 33

commonly pronounced as separate syllables

Front 34

when i at the end

Back 34

pronounced like eye

Front 35

arthr/o

Back 35

joint

Front 36

arthr/o/centesis means

Back 36

centesis=surgical puncture
arthr/o= joint
surgical puncture of the joint

Front 37

centesis

Back 37

surgical puncture

Front 38

clast

Back 38

to break

Front 39

osteoclast

Back 39

breakdown old bone so new bone can be laid down

Front 40

-desis
arthr/o/desis

Back 40

binding fixation ( of a bone or joint)
arthrodesis would be binding or fixation of a joint

Front 41

-ectomy
appendectomy

Back 41

excision or removal
removal of the appendix

Front 42

append-

Back 42

appendix

Front 43

-lysis

Back 43

separation; destruction losening

Front 44

thromb/o

Back 44

blood clot

Front 45

-pexy

Back 45

fixation of an organ

Front 46

-plasty

Back 46

surgical repair

Front 47

rrhaphy

Back 47

suture

Front 48

-stomy
trache/o/stomy

Back 48

forming an opening mouth
forming an opening in the trachea- say if something is obstructing an airway

Front 49

-tome
-oste/o/tome

Back 49

-instrument to cut
-instrument to cut bone

Front 50

-tomy
-tracheotomy

Back 50

-incision
-incision in the neck

Front 51

-tripsy
-lith/o/tripsy:

Back 51

-crushing
-crushing a stone,

Front 52

-gram
-electr/o/cardi/o/gram

Back 52

-record or writing
-electronic recording of the heart
-used to diagnosis heart abnormalities

Front 53

-graph
-cardi/o/graph

Back 53

intrument for recording
instrument that records your heart

Front 54

-graphy
-angiography

Back 54

-the process of recording
-recording a vessel
-y at the end means the process of without is the result

Front 55

-meter
-pelvimeter

Back 55

-instrument for measuring
-instrument for measuring the pelvis

Front 56

-metry:

Back 56

the process of measuring

Front 57

-scope:

Back 57

instrument for examination

Front 58

-scopy

Back 58

actual visual examination

Front 59

-algia, -dynia
-otodynia

Back 59

>pain
>pain of the ear

Front 60

-cele:

Back 60

>hernia, swelling

Front 61

-ectasis:
-bronchiectasis

Back 61

> expansion, dilation
>dilation or expansion of bronchi

Front 62

-edema:
lymphedema

Back 62

>swelling
>swelling of the lymph

Front 63

-emesis:
-hyperemesis

Back 63

>vomitting
>excessive vomiting

Front 64

-emia
-an/emia

Back 64

-blood condition
-so not a blood condition

Front 65

-iasis

Back 65

>an abnormal condition produced by something specific

Front 66

-itis
gastritis

Back 66

> inflammation
>inflammation of the stomach

Front 67

-lith
-cholelith

Back 67

-stone, calculus
-gall stone

Front 68

-malacia
chondr/o/malacia

Back 68

-malacia
-softening of the cartilage

Front 69

-megaly

Back 69

-enlargement

Front 70

-osis

Back 70

-abnormal condition; increase

Front 71

-pathy

Back 71

>disease

Front 72

-penia

Back 72

-decrease, deficiency

Front 73

-phobia

Back 73

>fear

Front 74

-plegia
hemi/plegia

Back 74

>paralysis
>partial, half of body paralyzed-either the right or left side

Front 75

-rrhage, rrhagia:
-hemorrhage

Back 75

>bursting of
>bursting of blood

Front 76

rrhea:
diarrhea:

Back 76

discharge, flow
discharge or flow through

Front 77

-rrhexis
arteriorrhexis

Back 77

rupture
artery ruptured

Front 78

-stenosis

Back 78

>narrowing, stricture

Front 79

-toxic

Back 79

poisin

Front 80

-trophy:

Back 80

nourishment, development

Front 81

make a word ending with -a plural

Back 81

keep a and add an e
becomes
ae

Front 82

ending with -ax make it plural:

Back 82

-drop the x add ces
-aces

Front 83

make an -en ending plural

Back 83

drop en add ina-
lumen>lumina

Front 84

-make an -is ending plural

Back 84

-drop is and make es

Front 85

make -ix ending plural

Back 85

drop ix and add -ices
appendix to appendices

Front 86

make an ex ending plural

Back 86

-drop ex add -ices
apex>apices

Front 87

ending in -ma to plural

Back 87

keep ma but in addition add ta
stoma to stomata

Front 88

-ending in on make plural

Back 88

-drop on add an a
ganglion becomes ganglia

Front 89

ending in -um make plural

Back 89

-drop um add a
bacterium becomes bacteria

Front 90

-us ending make plural

Back 90

drop us add i
bronchus becomes bronchi

Front 91

-y ending to plural

Back 91

drop y add ies

Front 92

a-, an-
a/mast/ia

Back 92

not without
(a, an-)without (mast) a breast (ia)-condition

Front 93

circum-,peri-

Back 93

around

Front 94

dia-, trans-

Back 94

through or across

Front 95

dipl, diplo-

Back 95

double

Front 96

endo-,intra

Back 96

in, within

Front 97

homo, homeo-

Back 97

same

Front 98

hypo-

Back 98

under below, deficient

Front 99

macro-

Back 99

large

Front 100

micro-

Back 100

small

Front 101

mono-, uni

Back 101

one

Front 102

post-

Back 102

after

Front 103

pre-

Back 103

before, infront of

Front 104

primi-

Back 104

first

Front 105

retro-

Back 105

backwards, behind

Front 106

super-

Back 106

above, upper

Front 107

cellular level

Back 107

smallest structural and functional unit of the body

Front 108

tissue level

Back 108

group of cellls performing specialized function

Front 109

organs

Back 109

groups of tissues that perform specific function

Front 110

system level

Back 110

groups of organs that are interconnected or that have similar or interrelated function

Front 111

organsism level

Back 111

collection of body systems that makes up the complex level

Front 112

chondr/o-

Back 112

cartilage

Front 113

cyt/o

Back 113

cell

Front 114

hist/o

Back 114

tissue

Front 115

nucle/o

Back 115

nucleus

Front 116

anter/o

Back 116

to the front or anterior

Front 117

caud/o

Back 117

tail

Front 118

dist/o

Back 118

far, farthest
think of your distal phalanges, farthest from your bod

Front 119

dors/o

Back 119

back of
dorsal fins on the back doesnt work with farthest

Front 120

infer/o

Back 120

low, below

Front 121

later/o

Back 121

side, to one side

Front 122

medi/o

Back 122

towards the middle

Front 123

poster/o

Back 123

back of body, behind, posterior

Front 124

proxim/o

Back 124

near, nearest

Front 125

ventr/o

Back 125

belly, the belly side or front

Front 126

-ad
mediad

Back 126

toward
toward the middle

Front 127

-logist

Back 127

scpecialist in the study of

Front 128

-lysis
cytolysis

Back 128

separation; destruction; loosening

Front 129

-toxic
cytotoxic

Back 129

poison
substance that is detrimental or destructive

Front 130

nucle/o/toxic

Back 130

substance that interferes with or destroys cellular reproductive process in the nucleus.

Front 131

-logy

Back 131

study of

Front 132

cyt/o/lysis

Back 132

destruction of a cell

Front 133

hist/o/logist

Back 133

scientist who specializes in microscopic identificantion of cells and tissues

Front 134

different suffixes meaning pertaining to

Back 134

-ac,-al,-ar,-ic, -iac, -ior
-ary, -eal, -ous, -tic

Front 135

back of the body

Back 135

dors/al

Front 136

SIDE, to one side

Back 136

lateral

Front 137

belly, belly side

Back 137

ventral

Front 138

anatomical position

Back 138

body erect, eyes forward, arms at the side palms facing forward, legs parallel toes straight

Front 139

the median (midsagital plane)

Back 139

devides body into right and left portions

Front 140

frontal plane

Back 140

divides into anterior and posterior portions

Front 141

horizontal plane

Back 141

through the midsection, super region toward head inferior region toward the bottom

Front 142

ventral is belly side, so synonym would be

Back 142

anterior-both refer to the front of the body structure

Front 143

posterior most similiar to ____ and means

Back 143

toward the back

Front 144

poster/o/anter/ior

Back 144

referring to the front and back of the body.

Front 145

infer/ior or infer/o

Back 145

below or lower, pertaining to lower

Front 146

super means a position that is

Back 146

upper or above.

Front 147

eyes are ___ to mouth, mouth is ____ to eyes

Back 147

superior, inferior

Front 148

pertaining to the side, back

Back 148

post/o/later/al

Front 149

-ad

Back 149

toward

Front 150

medi/ad

Back 150

toward the middle

Front 151

cephal

Back 151

head

Front 152

cephal/ad

Back 152

toward the head

Front 153

caud/

Back 153

tail- so like inferior

Front 154

caudal about the same as

Back 154

inferior, toward the tail

Front 155

proxim/

Back 155

near

Front 156

distal/

Back 156

far

Front 157

ad-

Back 157

toward

Front 158

ab-

Back 158

away

Front 159

-duction

Back 159

duction means leading bringing, conducting

Front 160

ad/duction

Back 160

toward the body

Front 161

ab/duction

Back 161

away from the body

Front 162

abdomin-

Back 162

abdomen

Front 163

-al

Back 163

pertaining to

Front 164

cephal-

Back 164

head

Front 165

cervic-

Back 165

neck or the neck of the uterus

Front 166

crani-

Back 166

cranium skull

Front 167

gastr-

Back 167

stomach

Front 168

ili-

Back 168

ilium (flaring portion of the hip bone

Front 169

inguin-

Back 169

groin

Front 170

lumb-

Back 170

lower back

Front 171

pelv/

Back 171

pelvis

Front 172

spin-

Back 172

spine

Front 173

thorac-

Back 173

chestc

Front 174

umbilic-

Back 174

umbilicus or naval

Front 175

three major planes of the body:

Back 175

horizontal (transverse) -cross sectional
(median)midsagital
frontal (coronal)

Front 176

radi-

Back 176

radiation, x ray

Front 177

trans-

Back 177

through

Front 178

-verse

Back 178

turning

Front 179

frontal plane also called ____ and divides body

Back 179

into posterior and anterior

Front 180

taking an anter/o/poster/ior radiograph means

Back 180

beam enters brody on anterior side and exits through the back
remember first suffix then prefix then middle

Front 181

body contains two major cavities which are:

Back 181

dorsal and ventral cavities.

Front 182

cavities are hollow spaces that contain

Back 182

internal organs

Front 183

dorsal and ventral cavities are further divided into:
what are they called

Back 183

2 dors/al and 2 ventr/al sub-cavities
2 dorsal-nervous system:
>cranial
>spinal
2 ventral
>thoracic: heart and lungs
>abdomin/o/pelvic>digestive and reproduction system

Front 184

what separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Back 184

diaphram: dome shaped muscle
imp for breathing

Front 185

In the cranial cavity

Back 185

lies the skull and brain

Front 186

In the spinal cavity

Back 186

backbone

Front 187

abdominopelvic cavity is huge divided into ____ or ____

Back 187

quadrant or region

Front 188

larger dividing method for the abdominopelvic cavity includes

Back 188

quadrants:
-R upper and lower quadrants
Left upper and lower quadrants

Front 189

quadrant that contains most of the stomach

Back 189

RUQ

Front 190

the smaller way that divides abdomino pelvic cavity into 9 parts are:
Imp. to note from atomical position, what think left is right

Back 190

regions:
-right hypochondriac -epigastric -left hypo chondriac
-right lumbar - umbilical - left lumbar
-right inguinal -hypogastric - left

Front 191

under or below the stomach also a region in abdominopelvic cavity

Back 191

hypo/gastr/ic

Front 192

epi-

Back 192

above

Front 193

above or on the stomach

Back 193

epi/gastr/ic

Front 194

hypo/chondr/iac regions

Back 194

below the cartilage of the ribs

Front 195

region btw the right and left lumbar regions

Back 195

umbilical region

Front 196

hernia

Back 196

protrusion or projection of an organ through wall of cavity that normally holds it

Front 197

region inbetween the right and left inguinal regions is

Back 197

the hypogastric region

Front 198

abbreviation for abdomen

Back 198

abd

Front 199

abbreviation for anterior

Back 199

ant

Front 200

AP is the abbreviation for

Back 200

anteroposterior

Front 201

bx, Bx abreviation

Back 201

biopsy

Front 202

LAT, lat abbreviation

Back 202

lateral

Front 203

LLQ

Back 203

left lower quadrant

Front 204

CT

Back 204

computed tomography

Front 205

CXR

Back 205

Chest x ray, chest radiograph

Front 206

MRI

Back 206

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 207

LUQ

Back 207

Left upper quadrant

Front 208

PA

Back 208

posterioranterior; pernicious anemia; pulmonary artery

Front 209

RLQ

Back 209

right lower quadrant

Front 210

U & L, U/L

Back 210

upper and lower

Front 211

PET

Back 211

Positron emission tomography

Front 212

US

Back 212

ultra sound

Front 213

SPECT

Back 213

single photon emission computed tomography

Front 214

adhesion

Back 214

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surface that normally separate from each other

Front 215

inflammation

Back 215

protective response of body tissues to irritation infection or allergy

Front 216

sepsis

Back 216

body's inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate and low blood pressure.

Front 217

endoscopy

Back 217

visual exam of interior of organs and cavities with specialized lighted instrument called endoscope
also used to obtain tissue for biopsy, surgery, follow disease, assess healing

Front 218

fluoroscopy

Back 218

directs x rays through body
to a fluorescent screen
for viewing motion of organs
like digestive tract or heart

Front 219

MRI

Back 219

magnetic resonance imaging
radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross sectional images of the body.
doesnt need ionizing x rays
-no contrast medium needed
-shows soft tissues well

Front 220

nuclear scan

Back 220

diagnostic technique that produces image of organ or area by recording concentration of a radiophamaceutical into the body
-detects shape, size, location and function of organ

Front 221

radiography

Back 221

captured shadow images on photographic film
through ionizing radiation from external source

Front 222

radiopharmaceutical

Back 222

drug with radioactive substance that travels to specific area or organ that will be scanned

Front 223

scan

Back 223

technique for carefully studying an area, organ or system

Front 224

tomography

Back 224

radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross section, or slice of tissue or organ

Front 225

CT and about it

Back 225

computed tomography
radiographic technique
uses narrow beam of x rays*
rotates in afull arc around patient*
gives multiple views
computer interprets to make a cross section

Front 226

PET

Back 226

positron emission tomography
-radiographic technique
-combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals
produces cross section image of dispersed radioactivity
shows where deficiency in metabolism

Front 227

SPECT

Back 227

single photon emission computed tomography
type of nuclear imaging
scans organ after injecting radioactive tracer
uses gamma camera that detects radiation
3d image composite from numerous views

Front 228

ultrasonography

Back 228

high frequency sound waves used
bounce off tissues
record image it produces

Front 229

doppler

Back 229

ultra high frequency sound waves & Doppler tech. used to produce sound of blood flowing through an artery

Front 230

anastomosis

Back 230

connection btw 2 vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels or bowel segments that allows flow btw the 2