Medical Terminology Quiz 2

Front 1

Pulmonary ventilation

Back 1

breathing. inspiration and expiration in response to changes in blood O2 and CO2 levels and nervous stimulation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Front 2

external respiration

Back 2

exchange of gases between alvioli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Front 3

internal respiration

Back 3

CO2 and O2 between body cells and blood in systemic capilaries

Front 4

Nas/o

Back 4

nose. nasal - pertaining to the nose

Front 5

rhin/o

Back 5

nose

Front 6

sept/o

Back 6

septum

Front 7

sinus/o

Back 7

sinus, cavity

Front 8

pharyng/o

Back 8

pharynx (throat)

Front 9

laryng/o

Back 9

larynx (voice box)

Front 10

trache/o

Back 10

trachea (wind-pipe)

Front 11

pleur/o

Back 11

pleura
pleurocentesis - surgical puncture of the pleural cavity

Front 12

lung is....

Back 12

pneum/o
pneumon/o
pulmon/o

Front 13

antrac/o

Back 13

coal, coal dust
anthrac/osis - abnormal condition of coal dust (in the lung, black lung! pop)

Front 14

atel/o

Back 14

incomplete; imperfect
atelectasis - incomplete expansion of the lung

Front 15

coni/o

Back 15

dust
pneumoconiosis - condition of dust in the lungs

Front 16

cyan/o

Back 16

blue

Front 17

lob/o

Back 17

lobe
lobectomy = excision of lobe

Front 18

ortho

Back 18

straight
orthopnea - breathing in a straight or upright position

Front 19

ox/i
ox/o

Back 19

oxygen

Front 20

pector/o

Back 20

chest

Front 21

steth/o

Back 21

chest

Front 22

thorac/o

Back 22

chest
thoracopathy - disease of the chest

Front 23

phren/o

Back 23

diaphragm; mind
phrenospasm - involuntary contraction of the diaphragm

Front 24

spir/o

Back 24

breather
spirometer - instrument for measuring breathing

Front 25

-capnia

Back 25

carbon dioxide
hypercapnia - excessive CO2

Front 26

-osmia

Back 26

smell
anosmia - without a sense of smell

Front 27

-phonia

Back 27

voice
dysphonia - bad voice quality

Front 28

-pnea

Back 28

breathing
apnea - without breathing

Front 29

-ptysis

Back 29

spitting
hemoptysis - spitting of blood

Front 30

-thorax -

Back 30

chest
pyothorax - pus in the chest

Front 31

brady

Back 31

slow

Front 32

dys-

Back 32

bad, painful, difficult

Front 33

eu-

Back 33

good, normal

Front 34

tachy-

Back 34

rapid
tachypnea - rapid breathing

Front 35

COPD

Back 35

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
respiratory disorders that produce a chronic partial obstruction of the air passages
asthma, chonic bronchitis, and emphysema

Front 36

acidosis

Back 36

excessive acidity of body fluids

Front 37

anosmia

Back 37

absense of the sense of smell

Front 38

apnea

Back 38

temporary loss of breathing

Front 39

asphyxia

Back 39

condition caused by insuficient intake of oxygen
without a pulse

Front 40

atelectasis

Back 40

collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung

Front 41

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Back 41

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the dept of respiration; first deeply then shallow then not at all (caused by diseases that affect respiratory centers

Front 42

coryza

Back 42

acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection

Front 43

crackle

Back 43

abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation; caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale

Front 44

croup

Back 44

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and sometimes lungs

Front 45

deviated nasal septum

Back 45

displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and, sometimes, nosebleed

Front 46

epiglottitis

Back 46

severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottic structures that occurs most in children between 2 and 12

Front 47

epistaxis

Back 47

nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed

Front 48

finger clubbing

Back 48

enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes comonly associated with pulmonary disease

Front 49

hypoxemia

Back 49

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, usually sign of respiratory impairment

Front 50

hypoxia

Back 50

oxygen deficiency in body tissues; usually sign of resp. impairment

Front 51

pertussis

Back 51

acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound

Front 52

pleurisy

Back 52

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis

Front 53

pneumoconiosis

Back 53

disease caused by inhaling dust particles

Front 54

pulmonary edema

Back 54

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

Front 55

pulmonary embolism

Back 55

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (clot, tissue, air bubbles, bacteria...)

Front 56

rhonchus

Back 56

abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway

Front 57

stridor

Back 57

high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airwa

Front 58

sudden infant death syndrome

Back 58

sids, completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than one year, also called crib death

Front 59

wheeze

Back 59

whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

Front 60

aerosol therapy

Back 60

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver meds in mist form to lungs or passageways

Front 61

antral lavage

Back 61

washing or irrigating the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent materal in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management

Front 62

oximetry

Back 62

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; pulse oximetry

Front 63

polysomnography

Back 63

test of sleep cycles/stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, resp rate, bp, blood oxygen sat, heart rhythem, and sometiems direct observation with a video camera

Front 64

postural drainage

Back 64

method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of lungs

Front 65

pulmonary function tests

Back 65

variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

Front 66

spirometry

Back 66

PFT that measures breathing capacity of lungs, including time for exhaling total volume of inhaled air

Front 67

endotracheal intubation

Back 67

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

Front 68

pleurectomy

Back 68

excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal
reduce pain caused by tumor, or prevent recurrence of pleural effucion

Front 69

pneumectomy

Back 69

excision of lung or portion of, commonly for treating cancer

Front 70

septoplasty

Back 70

surgical repair of deviated septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

Front 71

thoracentesis

Back 71

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity, aka pleurocentesis, or thoracocentesis

Front 72

tracheostomy

Back 72

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the nect and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be incerted

Front 73

mantoux test

Back 73

intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test side becomes red and swollen

Front 74

bronchoscopy

Back 74

visual exam of bronchi with endoscope through mouth an trachea for direct viewing or projection on monitor

Front 75

laryngoscopy

Back 75

visual exam of larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury or other abnormalities

Front 76

mediastinoscopy

Back 76

visual exam of mediastinal structures, including heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

Front 77

arterial blood gas

Back 77

ABG, test that measures oxygen and co2 in arterial blood

Front 78

sputum culture

Back 78

microbial test used to id desiease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, esp. those that cause pneumonia

Front 79

sweat test

Back 79

measurement of the amount of salt NaCl in sweat

Front 80

throat culture

Back 80

test used to id pathogens, esp. group A streptococci

Front 81

computed tomography pulmonary angiography

Back 81

minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

Front 82

ventilaiton-perfusion (V-Q) scan

Back 82

nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow and blood flow in lungs for evidence of blood clot

Front 83

antibiotics

Back 83

destroy or inhibit growth by disrupting bact. mmebranes or metabolic processes

Front 84

antihistamines

Back 84

block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues
fexofenadine
loratadine

Front 85

antitussives

Back 85

relieve or suppress coughing by blocking reflex in medula
alleviate nonproductive dry coughs
hydrocodone
dextromethorphan

Front 86

bronchodilators

Back 86

stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, expanding passages and increasing air flow
albuterol
salmeterol

Front 87

corticosteroids

Back 87

act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions
beclomethasone
dipropionate
triamcinolone

Front 88

decongestants

Back 88

constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so air can pass more freely through
oxymetazoline
pseudoephedrine

Front 89

expectorants

Back 89

liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes

Front 90

Hb, Hgb

Back 90

hemoglobin

Front 91

aneurysm/o

Back 91

widened blood vessel
aneurysm/o/rrhaphy - suture of an aneurysm

Front 92

angi/o

Back 92

vessel

Front 93

vascul/o

Back 93

vessel

Front 94

aort/o

Back 94

aorta
aortostenosis = narrowing of the aorta

Front 95

ather/o

Back 95

fatty plaque
atheroma - tumor of fatty plaque

Front 96

embol/o

Back 96

embolus (plug)

Front 97

hemangi/o

Back 97

blood vessel
hemangioma - tumor of blood vessels

Front 98

myo

Back 98

muscle

Front 99

phleb/o

Back 99

vein

Front 100

ven/o

Back 100

vein
venostasis- standing still of (blood in) a vein

Front 101

scler/o

Back 101

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

Front 102

sphygm/o

Back 102

pulse
sphygmoid - resembling a pulse

Front 103

sten/o

Back 103

narrowing, stricture
stenotic - pertaining to a narrowing or stricture

Front 104

thromb/o

Back 104

blood clot

Front 105

valv/o
valvul/o

Back 105

valve

Front 106

vas/o

Back 106

vessel; vas deference; duct

Front 107

-cardia

Back 107

heart condition

Front 108

-gram

Back 108

record, writing

Front 109

-graph

Back 109

instrument for recording

Front 110

-graphy

Back 110

process of recording
angiography - process of recording an image of a vessel

Front 111

-stenosis

Back 111

narrowing, stricture

Front 112

aneurysm

Back 112

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

Front 113

angina

Back 113

mild to severe suffocating pain that typically occurs in the chest and is caused by inadequate blood flow to myocardium, angina pectoris

Front 114

arrythmia

Back 114

irregularity in rate/rhythem of heart, dysrhythmia

Front 115

bradycardia

Back 115

arrhythmia, usually <60 bpm

Front 116

fibrillation

Back 116

arrythmia - abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of myocardium that can affect atria or ventricles

Front 117

heart block

Back 117

arrythmia - interferences with impulses from SA node to Purkinje fibers

Front 118

tachycardia

Back 118

arrhythmia - fast but regular, up to 200 bpm

Front 119

atherosclerosis

Back 119

form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposit of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids that narrows lumen in arteries

Front 120

carotid artery disease

Back 120

narrowing of carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis; may lead to thrombus formation and stroke

Front 121

bruit

Back 121

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, associated with valvular action or with movement of blood as it passes an obstruction or both; also called murmur

Front 122

cardiomyopathy

Back 122

disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

Front 123

coarctation

Back 123

narrowing of a vessel, esp. aorta

Front 124

embolism

Back 124

condition in which a mass becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing flow

Front 125

hyperlipidemia

Back 125

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides) in the blood

Front 126

hypertension

Back 126

elevated bp higher than 140/90 mmHg

Front 127

hypotension

Back 127

low bp persistently < 90/60 mmHg

Front 128

infarction

Back 128

localized tissue necrosis due to cessation of blood supply

Front 129

ischemia

Back 129

local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction

Front 130

mitral valve prolapse

Back 130

MVP, structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

Front 131

palpitation

Back 131

sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutte

Front 132

phlebitis

Back 132

inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs

Front 133

syncope

Back 133

partial or complete loss of consciousness that is caused by decreased supply of blood to brain, aka fainting

Front 134

thrombosis

Back 134

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formatiion

Front 135

deep vein thrombosis

Back 135

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body esp legs or thighs
can travel in the body to the lungs

Front 136

defibrillation

Back 136

electric shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emerency life-threatening arrhythmias

Front 137

cardioversion

Back 137

defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm
(not typically in emergency situation)

Front 138

sclerotherapy

Back 138

injection of a chemical irritant (slcerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
used to treat varicose veins and sometimes telangiectasias

Front 139

thrombolysis

Back 139

destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters such as tissue plasminogen activator

Front 140

angioplasty

Back 140

any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed vessels and restores forward blood flow
often in coronary, carotid, or peripheral arteries occluded by atherosclerosis

Front 141

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Back 141

PTCA, angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen and restore blood flow

Front 142

biopsy

Back 142

removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes

Front 143

catheter ablation

Back 143

treatment for cardiac arrhythmias; usually performed under flouroscopic guidance

Front 144

commissurotomy

Back 144

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contact

Front 145

coronary artery bypass graft

Back 145

CABG, placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the hear muscle

Front 146

embolectomy

Back 146

removal of an embolus

Front 147

endarterectomy

Back 147

removal of fatty plaque from occluded vessel with special catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

Front 148

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) insertion

Back 148

implantation of a battery-powered device that monitors and corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death

Front 149

laser ablation

Back 149

procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
laser coagulates blood in vessel, causing it to collapse and seal, vessels disolve

Front 150

open heart surgery

Back 150

surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine

Front 151

stent placement

Back 151

mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction

Front 152

valvotomy

Back 152

incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening, used in treating mitral stenosis

Front 153

cardiac catheterization CC

Back 153

pasage of a catheter into heart through a vein/artery to provide comprehensive evaluation of the heart

Front 154

electrophysiology study (EPS)

Back 154

procedure used to determine the cause of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the heart's conduciton system in a patient with an arrhythmia
while an EKG is performed, a specialized cardiac catheter sends out electrical impulses within the heart to stimulate rhythm distrubances; the response of the heart can be studied to pinpoint where the arhythmia orininates in the heart

Front 155

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

Back 155

procedure that graphically records the spread of elec excitation to parts of heart using small metal electrodes applied to chest, arms, and legs

Front 156

holter monitor test

Back 156

ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hrs of tracing, aka event monitor test

Front 157

Stress test

Back 157

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

Front 158

cardiac enzyme studies

Back 158

blood test that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood, including toponin T, troponini I, and creatine kinase
(released when heart muscle is damaged)

Front 159

lipid panel

Back 159

series of blood tests (total cholesterol, hdl, ldl, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

Front 160

angiography

Back 160

radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injecition of contrast medium

Front 161

aortography

Back 161

angiogram of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium
to diagnose insufficiency

Front 162

coronary angiography

Back 162

angiography used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart

Front 163

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 163

noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues

Front 164

cardiac mri

Back 164

specialized MRI that provides info on static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow and velocity

Front 165

magnetic resonance angiography MRA

Back 165

type of mri scan that sues a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels

Front 166

multiple-gated acquisition scan
MUGA scan

Back 166

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate

Front 167

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Back 167

MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create images as slices of the heart

Front 168

Nuclear perfusion study

Back 168

test used with a stress test to detect presence of coronary artery diease that is causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries; aka thallium scan or cardiolite scan

Front 169

ultrasonography

Back 169

high-frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure, US, sonography, echo

Front 170

Doppler

Back 170

ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through vessels and the heart
images

Front 171

echocardiography

Back 171

ultrasonography that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess cardiac output

Front 172

venography

Back 172

radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, indicating an obstruction

Front 173

angiotnesin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Back 173

lower bp by inhibiting conversion of angiotensin I (inactive) to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
benazepril
captopril

Front 174

antiarrhythmics

Back 174

prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias by stabilizing electrical conduction of the heart
flecainide
digoxin

Front 175

beta-blockers

Back 175

block the effect of adrenaline, which slows nerve pulses through the heart, causing a decrease in hr

Front 176

calcium channel blockers

Back 176

block movement of Ca into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing hr and bp to decrease

Front 177

diuretics

Back 177

act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium
reduce fluid buildup

Front 178

nitrates

Back 178

dilate vessels of the heart, causing increase in oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and widen blood vessels of the body, allowing more blood flow to the eart
nitroglycerin
bumentanide

Front 179

statins

Back 179

lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it

Front 180

vasodilators

Back 180

reduce bp by relaxing smooth muscle in vessels, particularly in large arteries, arterioles, and large veins, which decreases vascular resistance
treat hypertension, heart failure, and angina
hydralazine
nitroprusside

Front 181

CA

Back 181

cancer, cardiac arrest, chronological age