Medical Terminology Ii Mid-Term Study Guide

Front 1

term also known as cellular response

Back 1

localized allergic response

Front 2

blood test most accurate at confirming the presence of HIV.

Back 2

western blot

Front 3

term that refers to a self-care procedure for the early direction of breast cancer

Back 3

breast self-examination

Front 4

a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone

Back 4

osteochondroma

Front 5

a condition that is an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.

Back 5

megaloblastic anemia

Front 6

conditioned also known as clubfoot

Back 6

talipes

Front 7

the only movable bone of the skull skull

Back 7

mandible

Front 8

bone tissue also known as cancellous bone

Back 8

spongy bone

Front 9

a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

Back 9

spasm

Front 10

the surgical repair of fascia

Back 10

fascioplasty

Front 11

a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor heart rate and rhythm over a 24 or 48 hour period

Back 11

Holter monitor

Front 12

term that means to bend the foot downward at the ankle

Back 12

plantar flexion

Front 13

formed in red bone marrow; the most common type of white blood cells

Back 13

neutrophils

Front 14

masses of lymphoid tissue arealso known as nasopharyngeal tonsils

Back 14

adenoids

Front 15

bone tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Back 15

endosteum

Front 16

a type of bone marrow transplant using healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor

Back 16

allogenic bone marrow transplant

Front 17

a medication used to treat viral infections

Back 17

antiviral drugs

Front 18

the removal of a plug of tissue for examination

Back 18

muscle biopsy

Front 19

a type of fracture that occurs when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands

Back 19

Colles' fracture

Front 20

medical term for tenderness or pain in the muscles

Back 20

myalgia

Front 21

a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells

Back 21

cancer

Front 22

the condition of having an abnormally slow resting heart rate

Back 22

bradycardia

Front 23

a medical procedure that is the surgical repair of cartilage

Back 23

chondroplasty

Front 24

the stimulation of a muscle by the impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

Back 24

muscle innervation

Front 25

term which describes the act of raising the corners of the mouth into a smile

Back 25

elevation

Front 26

smooth, rubbery connective tissue that makes up the tip of the nose

Back 26

cartilage

Front 27

a technique in which an x-ray or MRI- guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast

Back 27

needle guided biopsy

Front 28

an opening in a bone through which the blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

Back 28

foramen

Front 29

a form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to a tumor

Back 29

antiangiogenesis

Front 30

a syndrome involving the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

Back 30

compartment syndrome

Front 31

the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal movement possible

Back 31

muscle tone

Front 32

a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pain

Back 32

fasciotomy

Front 33

a term that refers to an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen

Back 33

tolerance

Front 34

a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer

Back 34

inflammatory breast cancer

Front 35

l lymphocytes that produce antibodies

Back 35

B cells

Front 36

a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that is commonly known as the flu

Back 36

influenza

Front 37

small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells

Back 37

viruses

Front 38

a medical term that refers to the posterior space behind the knee

Back 38

popliteal

Front 39

a term that is an example of a soft tissue sarcoma

Back 39

synovial sarcoma

Front 40

a type of fracture known as a simple or complete fracture

Back 40

closed

Front 41

the medical term for the lower part of the sternum

Back 41

xiphoid process

Front 42

the surgical removal of a portion of the skull

Back 42

craniotomy

Front 43

the medical term for the larger bone in the lower leg, also known as the shin bone.

Back 43

tibia

Front 44

procedure that involves the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues

Back 44

radical mastectomy

Front 45

a non-invasive method of diagnosing lymphoma; measures the resistance to an electrical current passes through the limb

Back 45

bioimpedance spectroscopy

Front 46

a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart

Back 46

thymus

Front 47

a muscle formed from three divisions

Back 47

triceps brachii

Front 48

a painful localized muscle spasm named for its cause

Back 48

cramp

Front 49

a condition that is commonly treated with fasciotomy to relieve pressure

Back 49

compartment syndrome

Front 50

a medical term which means the surgical removal of a bone

Back 50

ostectomy

Front 51

a diagnostic technique that is most commonly used to visualize a bone fracture

Back 51

radiographic (x-ray)

Front 52

a specialist that treats diseases and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues

Back 52

hematologist

Front 53

a medical term that is also known as passive immunity

Back 53

natural immunity

Front 54

these carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Back 54

pulmonary arteries

Front 55

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

Back 55

range-of-motion testing (ROM)

Front 56

an injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of a tendon

Back 56

strain

Front 57

this illness can be characterized as stiffness of the joints, especially in older adults

Back 57

arthritis

Front 58

a narrow band of non-elastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Back 58

tendon

Front 59

the over-extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

Back 59

hyperextension

Front 60

only one cell in thickness, these are the smallest blood vessels in the body

Back 60

capillaries

Front 61

a small, bean-shaped structure containing specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens

Back 61

lymph nodes

Front 62

a treatment that utilizes high frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries

Back 62

therapeutic ultrasound

Front 63

the bone also known as the kneecap

Back 63

patella

Front 64

the type of surgery that is the replacement of a worn or failed implant

Back 64

revision surgery

Front 65

the term that describes the surgical repair or replacement of a damaged joint

Back 65

arthroplasty

Front 66

the inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

Back 66

tendinitis

Front 67

a physician who specializes in treating the cause of paralysis and similar muscular disorders

Back 67

neurologist

Front 68

wraps the body in a physical barrier to protect from invading organisms

Back 68

intact skin

Front 69

the use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissue to be treated

Back 69

brachytherapy

Front 70

a form of arthritis that is characterized by deposits of uric acid within the joints

Back 70

gout

Front 71

the inflammation of the synovial membrane

Back 71

synovitis

Front 72

leukocytes that provide immunological defense against many infectious organisms

Back 72

cytokines

Front 73

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant disorders such as tumors and cancers

Back 73

oncologist

Front 74

a term which describes a fatty deposit on the artery wall

Back 74

plaque

Front 75

the term in a muscle name that means toward the side

Back 75

lateralis

Front 76

the attempted realignment of a bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

Back 76

closed reduction

Front 77

lymph nodes that are located along the side of the neck

Back 77

cervical lymph nodes

Front 78

medical term for inflexible joints, also known as sutures

Back 78

fibrous joints

Front 79

the term that means to bend a limb at the joint

Back 79

flexion

Front 80

an infection that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito

Back 80

West Nile virus

Front 81

a strain or tear on any of the muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee

Back 81

hamstring injury

Front 82

slight paralysis of one side of the body

Back 82

hemiparesis

Front 83

total paralysis of one side of the body

Back 83

hemiplegia

Front 84

slight paralysis of a muscle

Back 84

myoparesis

Front 85

paralysis of both legs and the lower body

Back 85

paraplegia

Front 86

paralysis of all four extremities

Back 86

quadriplegia

Front 87

mature red blood cells

Back 87

erythrocytes

Front 88

pigment that transports oxygen

Back 88

hemoglobin

Front 89

cancer characterized by abnormal leukocytes

Back 89

leukemia

Front 90

white blood cells

Back 90

leukocytes

Front 91

abnormally low number of white blood cells

Back 91

leukopenia

Front 92

abnormal outward curve of the thoracic spine

Back 92

kyphosis

Front 93

abnormal forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Back 93

lordosis

Front 94

pain in the lumbar region

Back 94

lumbago

Front 95

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Back 95

scoliosis

Front 96

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Back 96

subluxation

Front 97

limb movement away from the midline

Back 97

abduction

Front 98

limb movement toward the midline

Back 98

adduction

Front 99

circular movement at the far end of a limb

Back 99

circumduction

Front 100

Bending the foot upward toward the ankle

Back 100

Dorsiflexion

Front 101

Rotating the palm of the hand downward

Back 101

Pronation

Front 102

Broken bone that is splintered or crushed

Back 102

comminuted fracture

Front 103

broken bone that is pressed together on itself

Back 103

Compression fracture

Front 104

broken bone through an open wound

Back 104

Surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Hint 104

Osteoclasis

Front 105

bones broken due to weakness caused by a disease process

Back 105

Pathologic fracture

Front 106

bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

Back 106

immunoglobulin

Front 107

produced in response to the presence of antigens

Back 107

interferons

Front 108

white blood cells formed in the bone marrow as stem cells

Back 108

lymphocytes

Front 109

proteins that act as intercellular signals to begin the immune response

Back 109

cytokines

Front 110

a white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells

Back 110

macrophage

Front 111

the process by which cancer is spread to a new site; the tumor at a new site

Back 111

metastasis

Front 112

to spread from one place to another

Back 112

metastasize

Front 113

malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

Back 113

myosarcoma

Front 114

malignant tumor in the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

Back 114

osteosarcoma

Front 115

malignant tumor derived from connective tissue

Back 115

sarcoma

Front 116

Also known as lymphoid cells

Back 116

lymphocytes

Front 117

any disease affecting the lymph node

Back 117

lymphadenopathy

Front 118

a benign tumor formed by abnormal lymphatic vessels

Back 118

lymphangioma

Front 119

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph in a tissue

Back 119

lymphedema

Front 120

malignancies that develop in the lymphatic system

Back 120

lymphoma

Front 121

an abnormal band of fibrous tissue

Back 121

adhesion

Front 122

lacking normal muscle tone

Back 122

atonic

Front 123

muscle weakness from a lack of use

Back 123

atrophy

Front 124

inflammation of the fascia

Back 124

fasciitis

Front 125

degeneration of muscle

Back 125

myolysis

Front 126

rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria

Back 126

bacilli

Front 127

organism living on or within another living organism

Back 127

parasite

Front 128

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by an infected animal

Back 128

rabies

Front 129

small bacterium transmitted by the bite of an infected tick

Back 129

rickettsia

Front 130

spiral-shaped bacteria with flexible walls

Back 130

spirochetes

Front 131

surgical fusion to stiffen a joint

Back 131

arthrodesis

Front 132

surgical loosening of a stiff joint

Back 132

arthrolysis

Front 133

inflammation of the bone

Back 133

osteitis

Front 134

abnormal softening of the bones

Back 134

osteomalacia

Front 135

marked loss of bone density

Back 135

osteoporosis

Front 136

hip socket

Back 136

acetabulum

Front 137

Rounded, bony patuberance of the ankle

Back 137

malleolus

Front 138

bone that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Back 138

manubrium

Front 139

bones that form the palms of the hands

Back 139

metacarpals

Front 140

bones that form part of the foot

Back 140

metatarsals

Front 141

extreme slowness in movement

Back 141

bradykinesia

Front 142

distortion of voluntary movement

Back 142

dyskinesia

Front 143

condition of abnormal muscle tone

Back 143

dystonia

Front 144

abnormally increased motor function or activity

Back 144

hyperkinesia

Front 145

crosswise direction

Back 145

transverse