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414 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crani/o
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Cranium (skull)
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Clavicul/o
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Clavicle (collarbone)
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Cost/o
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Cost (rib)
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Scapul/o
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Scapula (shoulder blade)
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Stern/o
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Sternum (breastbone)
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Spin/o, Vertebr/o, Spondyl/o
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vertebrae (in general)
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thorac/o
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thoracic vertebrae
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lum/o
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lumbar vertebrae
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sacr/o
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sacrum (sacral vertebrae)
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coccyg/o
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coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)
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pel/vi, ili/o
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ilium (pelvic bone)
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ischi/o
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ishium (pelvic bone)
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pub/o
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pubis (pelvic bone)
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humer/o
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humerus (upper arm bone)
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radi/o
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radius (bone of the forearm)
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uln/o
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ulna (bone of the forearm)
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carp/o
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carpals (wrist bones)
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metacarp/o
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meatacarpals (bone of the hand)
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phalang/o
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phalanges (bones of the fingers)
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femor/o
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femur (thigh bone)
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patell/o
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patella (kneecap)
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fibul/o
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fibula (bone of the lower leg)
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tibi/o
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tibia (bone of the lower leg)
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tars/o
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tarsals (ankle bones)
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metatars/o
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metatarsals (bones of the feet)
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phalang/o
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phalanges (bones of the toes)
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ankyl/o
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stiff
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arthr/o
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articulation, joint
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asthenia
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weakness
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burs/o
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bursa
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calc/i
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calcium
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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de-
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down, from, or reversing
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meta-
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change or next in a series
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muscul/o or my/o
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muscle
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pel/vi, ili/o
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ilium (pelvic bone)
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ischi/o
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ishium (pelvic bone)
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pub/o
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pubis (pelvic bone)
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humer/o
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humerus (upper arm bone)
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radi/o
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radius (bone of the forearm)
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uln/o
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ulna (bone of the forearm)
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carp/o
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carpals (wrist bones)
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metacarp/o
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meatacarpals (bone of the hand)
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phalang/o
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phalanges (bones of the fingers)
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femor/o
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femur (thigh bone)
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myel/o
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bone marrow or spinal cord
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oste/o
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bone
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para-
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near, beside or abnormal
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-poesis
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production
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rheumat/o
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rheumatism
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ten/o, tend/o or tendin/o
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tendon
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Beneath the cartilage
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subchondral
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Destruction of muscle
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myolysis
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Excision of a rib
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costectomy
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Inflammation of a joint
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arthritis
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Paralysis of all four extremeties
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quadriplegia
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pertaining to the upper arm bone
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humeral
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pertaining to the collarbone
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clavicular
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pertaining to the tailbone
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coccygeal
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prolapse of the ankle
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tarsoptosis
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surgical repair of the skull
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cranioplasty
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Rachialgia
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painful spine
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myocele
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fascial hernia
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Inflammation of the vertebrae
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spondylitis
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between the ribs
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intercostal
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excision of a portion of the skull
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craniectomy
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broken bone that is visible through an opening in the skin
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compound fracture
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articulation
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joint
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rupture of an invertebral disk
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herniated disk
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What does osteoid mean?
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resembling bone
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What term refers to the bones that are located between the toes and the bones of the ankle?
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metatarsals
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A disorder that is characterized by progressive wasting of muscle
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muscular dystrophy
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examination with an arthroscope
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arthroscopy
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The clavical bone is also known as what?
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collarbone
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Lateral curvature of the spine
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scoliosis
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A complex of symptoms that results from pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist
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Carpal tunnel syndrome
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Severe chest pain and Constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself
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Angina pectoris
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Irregularity or loss of rhthym of the heartbeat
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Arrhythmia
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Enlarged size of the heart
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Cardiomegaly
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Abnormalities present in the heart at birth
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Congenital heart defects
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A condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body.
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Congestive Heart failure
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An abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium
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Coronary artery disease
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A severe cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation
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Fibrillation
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An electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart, often thru placement of electrodes on the chest
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defibrillator
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A clinical condition resulting from failure of the heart to pump the blood effectively and to maintain adequate circulation of the blood.
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heart failure
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Angi/o, Vas/o, Vascul/o
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vessel
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Aort/o
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aorta
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arteri/o
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artery
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arteriol/o
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arteriole
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ather/o
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yellow, fatty plaque
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phelb/o or ven/o
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vein
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venul/o
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venule
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adenoid/o
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adenoids
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cervic/o
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neck (or the uterine cervix)
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ech/o or son/o
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sound
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-emia, hem/a, or hem/o
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blood
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extra-
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outside
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home/o
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sameness
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lymph/o
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lymph or lymphatics
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lymphat/o
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lymphatics
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my/o
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muscle
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pulmon/o
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lung
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radi/o
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radiant energy (or radius in forearm)
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roentgen/o
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x-ray
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splen/o
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spleen
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thromb/o
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thrombus, blood clot
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vascul/o
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vessel
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Coronary artery disease
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CAD
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Increased pulse
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Tachycardia
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High blood pressure
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Hypertension
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record of the heart and great vessels
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Electrocardiogram
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radiography of the heart an great vessels
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Angiocardiography
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Formation of fatty deposits on the artial walls
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Atheroclerosis
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blockage
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Occlusion
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Surical repair of blood vessels
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Angioplasty
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decreased pulse
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bradycardia
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death of part of the heart muscle
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myocardial infarction
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use of ultrasound in diagnosing heart disease
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echocardiography
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the fluid thatis transported by lymphatic vessels
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lymph
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Which procedure allows direct visualization inside a hollow organ or cavity using a device that consists of a tube and optical system?
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Endoscopy
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Severe pain and constriction about the heart caused by insufficient blood supply
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angina pectoris
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The sudden blocking of an artery or lymph vessel by foreign material that has been brought by circulating blood
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embolism
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An irregularity of the heart beat
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dysrhythmia
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Roentgenography of the lymphatic vessels
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lyphangiography
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The passage of a long flexible tube into the heart chamber through a vien
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Catheterization
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An enlarged spleen
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splenomegaly
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Any disease of the lymph nodes
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lymphadenopathy
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balooning out of a vessel wall
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aneurysm
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below normal blood pressure
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hypotension
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decreased pulse
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bradycardia
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Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels
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lymphangitis
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Pertaining to the lining of the heart
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endocardial
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Surgical repair of the aorta
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aortoplasty
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The smallest blood vessels
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capillaries
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xray of the lymphatic vessels and nodes
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lymphangiography
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A sac, made up of a double membrane, than encloses the heart
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Pericardium
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inflammation of the pericardium
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Pericarditis
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A lining inside the heart
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Endocardium
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heart muscle
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myocardium
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Inflammation of the heart muscle
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Myocarditis
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A general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart
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cardiomyopathy
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The absorbtion of oxygen from the air and the removal of CO2 by the lungs.
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External respiration (Breathing)
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The state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body.
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Homeostasis.
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Breathing of air into the lungs
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Inspiration (aka Inhalation)
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Breathing of air out of the lungs
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Expiration (aka exhalation)
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Labored or difficult breathing
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Dyspnea
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Temporary absence of breathing
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Apnea
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A condition in which breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting or standing
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Orthpnea
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Normal respiration
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Eupnea
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Abnormally slow breathing
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Bradypnea
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Respirations exceeding 25 breaths per minute; may be the result of excercise, physical exertion, or disease
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Tachypnea
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Increased respiratory rate that is deeper than normal
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Hyperpnea
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Increased aeration of the lungs, which may reduce CO2 in the body and disrupt homeostasis
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hyperventilation
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A measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs
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Spirometry
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The largest volume of air that can be exhaled after maxiumum inspiration
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vital capacity
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inability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function
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acute respiratory failure
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Deficiency of oxygen, can be caused by respiratory disorders and disease
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anoxia or hypoxia
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Suffocation
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Asphyxiation
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A muscular wall that seperates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
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The Diaphragm (it contracts and relaxes with each inspiration and expiration)
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Pertaining to the diaphragm
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Phrenic
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The membrane surrounding each lung
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Pleura
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The space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity
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Pleural cavity
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An inflammation of the pleura
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Pleuritis, also called pleurisy
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examination of the bronchi through a bronchoscope
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bronchoscopy
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Examination of the interior of the larynx
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Laryngoscopy
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Removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosis
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Lung biopsy
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A biopsy in which a segment of lung is removed after the surgeon has incised the chest
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Open lung biopsy
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A biopsy in which tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin
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Percutaneous biopsy
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Surgical removal of all or part of a lung
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Pneumonectomy
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Plastic surgery of the nose
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Rhinoplasty
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Surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid
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Thoracocentesis
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Incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlying the trachea; usually performed for insertion of a tube
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Tracheotomy
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An opening into the trachea by surgical means
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Tracheostomy
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A disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia
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Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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Paroxymal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by spasm of the brochial tubes or swelling of their mucous membrane
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Asthma
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A whistling sound made during respiration
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Wheeze
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Occuring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms
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Paroxysmal
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A condition in which the lungs of a fetus remain expanded at birth, OR a collapsed or airless condition of the lung usually caused by injury
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Atelectasis
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Chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung
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Bronchiectasis
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radiography of the bronchi after a radioplaque substance has been injected
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Bronchography
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Lung cancer
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Carcinoma of the lung
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A disease process that decreases the ability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function; may result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aslo called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
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A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of aveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty breathing
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Emphysema
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Blood in the pleural cavity
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Hemothorax
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An acute contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever, muscular discomfort. Caused by different types of viruses
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Influenza
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Inflammation of the larynx
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Laryngitis
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A condition caused by inhalation of dust particles; frequently seen in occupations like mining and stone cutting
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Pneumoconiosis
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An accumulation of fluid in lung tissues and aveoli, often caused by CHF
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Pulmonary edema
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a blockage of pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat,air, tumor, or blood clot
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Pulmonary embolism
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A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of the dust of stone, sand, or flint that contains silica
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Silicosis
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The sudden, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant who has no physical evidence of disease that occurs during sleep
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; it is often chronic in nature and commonly affects the lungs althought can occur elswhere in body
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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The lidlike structure that covers the larynx during the swallowing of food
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Epiglottis
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Inflammation of the nose
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Rhinitis
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Labored breathing
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Dyspnea
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Pertaining to the lungs
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Pulmonary
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Inflammation of the throat
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Pharyngitis
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Pertaining to the alveoli
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Alveolar
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Examination of the larynx
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laryngoscopy
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another name for pnuemonia..
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Pneumonitis
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The instrument used in bronchoscopy
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Bronchoscope
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The material raised from inflammed membranes of the respiratory tract
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Sputum
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Which structure is inflammed in rhinitis
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The nose
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A tumorlike growth on the vocal cords
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laryngeal polyp
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A weak voice
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dyphonia
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pertaining to the chest
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Thoracic
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Pertaining to the throat
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pharyngeal
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Subdivisions of the bronchi
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Bronchioles
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The windpipe
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Trachea
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The process of providing nutrition for the body
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Alimentation
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Excessive leaness caused by disease or lackof nutrition
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Emaciation
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loss of appetite for food
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Anorexia
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A disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat and often accompanied by psychological stress or conflict
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Anorexia nervosa
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a type of emotional disorder associated with episodes of binge eating and often terminates in self0induced vomiting
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Bulimia
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Depletion of nutrients from body cells
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malnutrition
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The 3 major classes of nutrients
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Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats
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the enzyme that breaks down lactose (a type of sugar)
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Lactase
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The enzyme that acts on the sugar found in fruit (which is frutose)
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Fructase
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The enzyme that breaks down starch
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amylase
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Enzyme that breaks down protein
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Protease or Proteinase
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The enzyme that breaks down a lipid (fat)
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Lipase
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Elevated cholesterol
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hyperlipidemia
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An abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body
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Obesity
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A word that means vomiting
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emesis
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Things that can interfere with proper nutrition
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hyperemesis and diarrhea
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Medications that relieve or prevent vomiting
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Antiemetics
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When output of body fluid exceeds fluid intake
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Dehydration
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Excessive thirst
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Polydipsia
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cheil/o
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lips
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dent/i, dent/o, or odont/o
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teeth
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gingiv/o
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gums
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gloss/o or lingu/o
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tongue
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or/o or stomat/o
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mouth
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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gastr/o
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stomach
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intestin/o or enter/o
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intestines
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duoden/o
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duodenum (division of the small intestines)
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jejun/o
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jejunum (division of the small intestines)
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ile/o
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ileum (division of the small intestines)
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col/o
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colon or large intestine
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append/o or appendic/o
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appendix
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cec/o
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cecum (division of large intestine)
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon (division of large intestine)
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proct/o
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anus or rectum (division of large intestine)
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rect/o
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rectum (division of large intestine)
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an/o
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anus (division of large intestine)
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Organs that produce substances that are needed for proper digestion
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Accessory organs
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The accessory organs to the digestive system are...
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the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands
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Produced by the liver, used in the small intestines for the absorbtion of fats
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Bile
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Pertaining to the common bile duct
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Choledochal
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The presence of a stone in the common bile duct
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Choledocholithiasis
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Diminished secretion of insulin
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Increased glucose level in the blood
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Hyperglycemia
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Increased output of urine
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Polyuria
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Glucose in the urine
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Glycosuria
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The blood contains less than the normal amount of sugar (usually caused by too much insulin)
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hypoglycemia
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The substance produced by the salivary glands
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Saliva
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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choledoch/o
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common bile duct
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hepat/o
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liver
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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sial/o
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salivary gland
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Removal of the vermiform appendix
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Appendectomy
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Surgical removal of the gallbladder; exploration of the common bile duct is often performed during this procedure
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cholecystectomy
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Creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the colon
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colostomy
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Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
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gastrectomy
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Surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Allowss for feeding tube placement
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Gastrostomy
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Removal of hemorrhoids by any means, including surgery
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Hemorrhoidectomy
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Creation of surgical passage through abdominal wall into the ileum. Is necessary when the large intestine has been removed.
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Ileostomy
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Removal of tissue from the liver for pathologocal examination
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Liver biopsy
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Resection (partial excision)of portions of the vagus nerve near the stomach. Is performed to decrease the amount of gastric juices.
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Vagotomy
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An ulcer, chiefly of the mounth and lips
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Canker sore
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inflammation of the lip
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Cheilitis
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Inflammation of the gums
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Gingivitis
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Inflammation of the tongue
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Glossitis
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Inflammation of the mouth
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Stomatitis
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Inability or difficulty to swallow
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dysphagia
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Inflammation of the esophagus
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Esophagitis
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A condition resulting from a backflow of the stomach contents into the esophagus
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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Inflammation of the stomach
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Gastritis
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Herniation of the stomach
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Gastrocele
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A common type of gastrocele in which there is protrusion of a structure through the opening in the diaphragm that allows passage of the esophagus
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Hiatus or Hiatal hernia
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Inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract
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Gastroenteritis
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An excessive amount of acid in the stomach
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Hyperacidity
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A lesion of the mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing and dead tissue
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Ulcer
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Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
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Inflammation of the vermiform appendix
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Appendicitis
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Inflammation of the colon
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Colitis
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Examination of the lining of the colon using a colonoscope (an elongated endoscope)
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Colonoscopy
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Inflammation of the diverticulum in the intestinal tract
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Diverticulitis
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A small sac or pounch in the wall of an organ
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diverticulum
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an ulcer of the duodenum
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Duodenal ulcer
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Inflammation of the duodenum
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Duodenitis
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Stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine
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enterostasis
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The use contrast agents and radiography to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract
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Gastrointestinal (GI) series
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Masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lie just inside or outside the rectum
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Hemorrhoids
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Inspection of the rectum and lower part of the intestine using a proctoscope
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Proctoscopy
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Examination of the sigmoid colon using a sigmoidoscope
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sigmoidoscopy
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Inflammation of the gallbladder
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Cholecystitis
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Examination of the gallbladder after the bile is rendered opaque
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Cholecystography
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Formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
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Cholelithiasis
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Stoppage of bile secretion
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Cholestasis
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A chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells
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Cirrhosis
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Inflammation of the liver
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Hepatitis
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Enlargement of the liver
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Hepatomegaly
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Inflammation of the pancreas
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Pancreatitis
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Large internal organs
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Viscera
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An artificial opening in the colon
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colostomy
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Excessive vomiting
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Hyperemesis
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Examination of the interior of the stomach
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Gastroscopy
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The joining of the stomach to the duodenum after a partial gastrectomy
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Duodenal anastomosis
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Incision of the abdominal waall
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laparotomy
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An inguinal hernia is protrusion of what structure through an opening in the abdominal wall?
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intestine
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What is meant by eupepsia?
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normal digestion
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Which physician specializes in diseases of the anus, rectum, and colon?
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A Proctologist
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Radiography of the bile ducts using a contrast agent
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Cholangiography
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Where is bile stored?
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Gallbladder
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Poor digestion
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Dyspepsia
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Pertaining to, secreting, or containing urine
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Urinary
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The final product of protein matabolism and the chief nitrogenous waste product present in urine
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Urea
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A toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency or renal failue
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Uremia
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Pertaining to the kidney
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Renal
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The reduced ability to of the kidney to perfomr its functions
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Renal insufficiency
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The process of diffusing blood through a membrane to remove toxic materials
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Kidney dialysis or hemodialysis
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An alternative to hemodialyis
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Peritoneal dialysis
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The mebrane that covers the large internal organs of the abdominal cavity and lines the cavity
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Peritoneum
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Increasing urination or an agent that causes increased urination
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Diuretic
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Increased or excessive urination
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Diuresis or polyuria
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The branch of medicine concerned with the male genital tract and the urinary tracts of both
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Urology
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A physician who specializes in the practice of urology
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Urologist
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albumin/o
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albumin
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-cele
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hernia
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glycos/o
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sugar
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hemat/o, hem/o, or -emia
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blood
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olig/o
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few
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periton/o
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peritoneum
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poly-
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many
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prote/o or protein/o
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protein
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py/o
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pus
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-rrhexis
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supture
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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scop/o
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to view
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-stomy
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formation of an opening
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ur/o OR -uria
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urine or urinary tract
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urin/o
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urine
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cyst/o
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bladder(sometimes also means cyst or sac)
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus (filtering structure of kidney)
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pyel/0
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renal pelvis (resevoir in kidney that collect urine(
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ureter/o
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ureter
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urethr/o
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urethra
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Surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder
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cystostomy
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crushing of a stone
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lithotripsy
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An instrument used for surgically crushing bladder stones
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Lithotrite
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A fiberoptic instrument that is inserted through the skin to break up stones
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Nephroscope
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The use of the nephroscope to eliminate calculi
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nephroscopy
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Surgical attachment of a prolapsed kidney
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Nephroplexy
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Creation of a new opening into the renal pelvis of the kidney
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Nephrostomy
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Removal of tissue from the bladder using a needle inserted through the skin
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Percutaneous bladder biopsy
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Removal of tissue from the kidney uisng needle puncture of the skin
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Percutaneous Renal Biopsy
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Surgical incision of the kidney to remove a stone from the renal pelvis
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Pyelolithotomy
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Formation of a new opening into the renal pelvis
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Pyelostomy
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Absence of urine or production of less than 100 ml /day
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Anuria
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A substance in the blood, the level provides a rough estimate of kidney function
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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Passage of a tubular instrument into a body channel or cavity
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Catheterization
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Inflammation of the urinary bladder
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Cystitis
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A bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina
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Cystocele
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Examination inside the bladder with a cystoscope, through the urethra
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Cystoscopy
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A type of nephritis in which the glomeruli of the kidney are inflammed
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glomerulonephritis
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X-Ray of the urinary tract after injection of a radiopaque material into a vein.
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Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)
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The presence of stones in the kidney
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Nephrolithiasis
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abnormal renal softening
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Nephromalacia
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Enlargement of one or both kidneys
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Nephromegaly
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Prolpase or downward displacement of the kidney
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Nephroptosis
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A condition in which there are degenerative changes in the kidneys but no inflammation
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Nephrosis
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Ultrasonic scanning of the kidney
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Nephrosonography
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Radiologic visualization of the kidney
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Nephrotomography
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Destructive to kidney tissue
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Nephrotoxic
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A diminished capacity to form and pass urine, excreting less than 500ml/day
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oliguria
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hemat/o, hem/o, or -emia
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blood
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olig/o
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few
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periton/o
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peritoneum
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poly-
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many
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prote/o or protein/o
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protein
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py/o
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pus
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-rrhexis
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supture
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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scop/o
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to view
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-stomy
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formation of an opening
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ur/o OR -uria
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urine or urinary tract
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urin/o
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urine
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cyst/o
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bladder(sometimes also means cyst or sac)
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus (filtering structure of kidney)
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pyel/0
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renal pelvis (resevoir in kidney that collect urine(
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A hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid filled cysts throughout both kidneys
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
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A tumor found on a mucosal surface, such as the inner lining of the bladder
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Polyp
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Excessive secretion and discharge of urine
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Polyuria or Diureses
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Inflammation of the renal pelvis
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Pyelitis
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A record produced by x-ray of the kidney and the ureter
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pyelogram
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Pus in the urine
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Pyuria
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Faiulure of the kidney to perform its essential functions
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Renal failure
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X-ray of the renal pelvis and ureter after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis
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retrograde pyelography
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Inability to hold urine in the bladder
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Urinary incontinence
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Inability to empty the bladder
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Urinary retention
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Surgical crushing of a stone
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Lithotripsy
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A radiographic record of the bladder and the urethra
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cystourethrogram
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Presence of kidney stones
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Nephrolithiasis
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The elimination of body wastes
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Excretion
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A surgical procedure to correct nephroptosis
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Nephropexy
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The functional unit of the kidney
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Nephron
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Examination of the bladder
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Cytoscopy
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Inflammation of the renal pelvis
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pyelitis
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Pertaining to the urethra
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urethral
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Abnormal softening of the kidney
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Nephromalacia
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Surgical repair of a ureter
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ureteroplasty
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