Medical Terminology Chapter 9

Front 1

respiratory system

Back 1

--the body system that brings oxygen from the air into the body for delivery via the blood to the cells

--once the blood has delivered the oxygen t othe cells, it picks up carbon dioxide and carries it back to the lungs, where this waste is expelled into the air

Front 2

Carbon dioxide has acid properties and therefore also is involved in...

Back 2

maintaining the body's acid-base status

Front 3

respiration

Back 3

the diffusion of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

Front 4

internal or cellular respiration

Back 4

exchange of gas between the blood and the cells

Front 5

external respiration

Back 5

absorption of atmospheric ixygen by the blood in the lungs and the diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood in the lungs to atmospheric air

Front 6

ventilation

Back 6

the intake of fresh air; refers to breathing

Front 7

natural ventilation

Back 7

normal breathing

Front 8

assisted ventilation

Back 8

using a ventilator

Front 9

ventilators

Back 9

devices that aid in breathing; they should NOT be called respirators

Front 10

2 parts of the respiratory tract

Back 10

--upper respiratory tract

--lower respiratory tract

Front 11

upper respiratory tract

Back 11

--consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx

--these are structures that open to the outside and are lined with mucous membranes

--may or may not have cilia to help filter air

Front 12

lower respiratory tract

Back 12

--trachea and within the lungs the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli (the trachea can sometimes be considered part of the upper respiratory tract)

--these structures enter or are found in the thoracic cavity

Front 13

Air enters and exits the body through the...

Back 13

nose

Front 14

nas/o

rhin/o

Back 14

nose

Front 15

The rigidity of the nose in swine has led to its being called the...

Back 15

snout

Front 16

The nose consists of...

Back 16

nostrils or nares

Front 17

nostrils or nares

Back 17

the paired external openings of the respiratory tract

Front 18

In endotherms (warm-blooded animals), the nasal passages contain...

Back 18

nasal turbinates (or conchae)

Front 19

nasal turbinates (or conchae)

Back 19

--scroll-like cartilages covered with highly vascular mucous membranes

--they warm, humidify, and filter inspired air

Front 20

Two nasal turbinates separate the nasal cavity into passages. What are they called?

Back 20

--dorsal and ventral

--each passage is called a meatus and they are named based on their location: dorsal meatus, middle meatus, ventral meatus, and common meatus

Front 21

meat/o

Back 21

opening or passageway

Front 22

nasogastric tube

Back 22

--a tube that passes through the nose down to the stomach

--it is placed through the ventral nasal meatus

Front 23

cer/o

Back 23

horn

Front 24

Air passes from the nose through the...

Back 24

nasal cavity

Front 25

vestibule

Back 25

the rostral part of the nostrils and nasal cavity

Front 26

nasal septum

Back 26

wall of cartilage that divides the nose

Front 27

sept/o

Back 27

partition

Front 28

mucous membrane

Back 28

a specialized form of epithelial tissue that lines the respiratory system; they secrete mucus

Front 29

mucus

Back 29

--a slimelinke substance that is compoised of glandular secretions, salts, cells, and leukocytes

--helps to moisten, warm, and filter the air as it enters the nose

Front 30

cilia

Back 30

--thin hairs located inside the nostrils

--they filter the air to remove debris

Front 31

debris

Back 31

the remains of something destroyed or damaged

Front 32

olfactory receptors

Back 32

--responsible for the sense of smell

--nerve endings located in the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity

Front 33

olfact/o

Back 33

smell

Front 34

tonsils

Back 34

lymphatic tissue that protects the nasal cavity and proximal (upper) throat

Front 35

tonsill/o

Back 35

tonsil

Front 36

sinus

Back 36

--an air-filled or fluid-filled space in bone

--has a mucous membrane lining

--functions are to provide mucus, to make bone lighter, and to help produce sound

Front 37

sinus/o

Back 37

sinus

Front 38

Air passes through the nasal cavity to the...

Back 38

pharynx

Front 39

pharynx (or throat)

Back 39

--common passageway for the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

--it extends from the caudal part of the nasal passages and mouth to the laynyx

--connects the nasal passages to the larynx

--connects the mouth to the esophagus

Front 40

pharyng/o

Back 40

throat

Front 41

3 divisions of the pharynx

Back 41

--nasopharynx

--oropharynx

--laryngopharynx

Front 42

nasopharynx

Back 42

--portion of the throat posterior to the nasal cavity and dorsal to (above) the soft palate

--the passageway for air entering through the nose

Front 43

oropharynx

Back 43

--portion of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis

--passageway for air entering through the nose and food entering through the mouth

Front 44

laryngopharynx

Back 44

--portion of the throat dorsal to the larynx that opens into the voice box and espohagus

--passageway for air entering through the nose and food entering through the mouth

Front 45

soft palate

Back 45

during swallowing, it moves dorsally and caudally to close off the nasopharynx to prevent food from going into the nasal cavity

Front 46

palate

palat/o

Back 46

roof of the mouth

Front 47

epiglottis

Back 47

--acts like a lid and covers the larynx during swallowing

--when it covers the larynx, is also covers the opening to the trachea, preventing food from possibly entering the trachea and going into the lungs

Front 48

epiglott/o

Back 48

epiglottis

Front 49

larynx (or voice box)

Back 49

the part of the respiratory tract located between the pharynx and trachea

Front 50

vocal cords

Back 50

paired membranous bands in teh larynx that help produce sound

Front 51

laryng/o

Back 51

voice box

Front 52

glottis

Back 52

--vocal apparatus

--the space between the vocal cords

--air passing through the glottis causes vibration of the vocal cords that produces sound

Front 53

glott/o

Back 53

glottis

Front 54

syrinx

Back 54

vocal apparatus of avian species, located bewteen the trachea and bronchi

Front 55

Air passes from the larynx to the...

Back 55

trachea

Front 56

trachea (or windpipe)

Back 56

--extends from the neck to the chest

--attaches the larynx in the neck and passes into the thorax (chest cavity) through the thoracic inlet

--it is located ventral to the esophagus

--lined with cilia which help filter debris

Front 57

What holds open the trachea?

Back 57

--a series of C-shaped cartilaginous rings

--the open part of the C's typically are along the dorsal aspect, which is adjacent to the esophagus

--this allows easier expansion of the esophagus when the animal swallows

Front 58

trache/o

Back 58

windpipe

Front 59

tracheal bifurcation

Back 59

where the distal end of the trachea (bottom of the trachea) divides into two branhes

Front 60

bronchi

Back 60

--branches from the trachea

--each bronchus leads to a separate lung (right or left) and continues to divide

Front 61

bronch/o

Back 61

bronchi

Front 62

bronchial tree

Back 62

--the continual division of the bronchi

--appears simliar to a tree and branches

--the bronchi and its branches

Front 63

principal or primary bronchus

Back 63

each bronchus that leads to a separate lung (right principal or left principal bronchus)

Front 64

secondary or lobar bronchi

Back 64

the principle bronchi divide into these smaller branches

Front 65

tertiary or segmental bronchi (or bronchioles or bronchiolus)

Back 65

--secondary bronchi divide into these smaller units

Front 66

-ole

Back 66

suffix meaning small

Front 67

bronchiol/o

Back 67

bronchioles

Front 68

bronchioles

Back 68

--contain no cartilage or glands

--they continue to divide

Front 69

terminal bronchioles

Back 69

the last portion of a bronchiole that does not contain alveoli

Front 70

respiratory bronchioles

Back 70

--the final branches of the bronchioles\

--they have alveolar outcroppings and branch inot alveolar ducts

Front 71

alveoli

Back 71

--air sacs in which most of the has exchange occurs

--has thin, flexible membrane walls that are surrounded by a network of microscopic capillaries

Front 72

alveolus

Back 72

--small, graplike cluster at the end of each bronchiole

--is connected to the bronchiole via an alveolar duct

Front 73

alveol/o

Back 73

small sac

Front 74

alveolar membrane

Back 74

--where gas exchange occurs

--oxygen diffuses into the blood in alveolar capillaries and binds to the hemoglobin in erythrocytes

--carbon dioxide diffuses from the plasma across the alveolar membrane into the alveolus

--when and animal exhales, much of this air is pushed out of the alveolus, back up through the respiratory tract, and out the nose or mouth

Front 75

surfactant

Back 75

--liquid contained in alveoli that reduces alveolar surface tension

--prevents collapse of the alveoli during expiration

Front 76

thoracic cavity

Back 76

--contained within the ribs

--lungs are located here

--protects the lungs

Front 77

cost/o

Back 77

ribs

Front 78

intercostal

Back 78

pertaining to the space between the ribs

Front 79

thorac/o

-thorax

Back 79

chest cavity or chest

Front 80

lung

Back 80

the main organ of respiration

Front 81

lobes

Back 81

--divisions of the lungs

--a well-defined portion fo an organ and is used in describing areas in the lung, liver, and other organs

Front 82

lob/o

Back 82

well-defined ortion

Front 83

pneum/o

pneumon/o

pneu

Back 83

lung or air

Front 84

pulm/o

pulmon/o

Back 84

lung

Front 85

parenchyma

Back 85

the functional elements of an organ

Front 86

stroma

Back 86

the framework of an organ

Front 87

lung parenchyma

Back 87

the functional elements of the lung

Front 88

mediastinum

Back 88

--region between the lungs

--houses the heart, aorta, lymph nodes, esophagus, trachea, part of the bronchial tubes, nerves, thoracic duct, and thymus

Front 89

pleura (plural form is pleurae)

Back 89

membranous sac that encases each lung

Front 90

pleur/o

Back 90

membrane surrounding the lung

Front 91

parietal pleura

Back 91

the outer layer of the membrane lining the inner wall of the thoracic cavity

Front 92

visceral pleura

Back 92

the inner layer of the membrane lining the outside of the lung

Front 93

pleural space (or pleural cavity)

Back 93

--the potential space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura

--contains pleural fluid

Front 94

pleural fluid

Back 94

--lubricating fluid found in the pleural space or pleural cavity

--prevents friction when the membranes rub together during respiration

--provides adhesive force to keep the lungs in contact with the chest wall as it expands during inspiration

Front 95

diaphragm

Back 95

--separates the thoracic and peritoneal cavities

--it is a muscle

--contraction of the diaphragm causes air pressure in the lungs to drop below atmospheric pressue

--this produces a vacuum in the thoracic cavity to draw in air

--when it relaxes, the negative pressure is no longer generated and air is forced out of the lung

Front 96

dia-

Back 96

across

Front 97

phragm/o

Back 97

wall

Front 98

diaphragmat/o

phren/o

Back 98

diaphragm

Front 99

diaphragmatic hernia

Back 99

an abnormal displacement of organs through the muscle separating the chest and abdomen

Front 100

phrenic nerve

Back 100

nerve that innervates the diaphragm

Front 101

breathing

Back 101

the inhalation and exhalation of air

Front 102

inhalation (or inspiration)

Back 102

the drawing in of breath

Front 103

exhalation (or expiration)

Back 103

the release of breath

Front 104

spir/o

Back 104

breath or breathing

Front 105

-pnea

Back 105

breathing

Front 106

apnea

Back 106

absence of breathing

Front 107

dyspnea

Back 107

difficult or labored breathing

Front 108

bradypnea

Back 108

abnormally slow respiratory rates

Front 109

tachypnea

Back 109

abnormally rapid respiratory rates

Front 110

hyperpnea

Back 110

abnormal increase in the rate and depth of respirations

Front 111

hypopnea

Back 111

abnormal slow or shallow respirations

Front 112

hyperventilation

Back 112

--abnormally rapid deep breathing, which results in decreased levels of cellular carbon dioxide

--may lead to hypocapnia

Front 113

agonal breathing

Back 113

respirations near death or during extreme suffering

Front 114

What does respiration involve?

Back 114

the diffusion of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

Front 115

ox/i

ox/o

ox/y

Back 115

O2

Front 116

capn/o

Back 116

CO2

Front 117

hypoxia

Back 117

an inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue despite an adequate blood supply

Front 118

hypercapnia

Back 118

excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 119

hypocapnia

Back 119

decrease in the carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Front 120

When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, some of it reachts with the water to form...

Back 120

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Front 121

Because carbon dioxide breaks down into a weak acid, it affects the...

Back 121

blood pH

Front 122

respiratory acidosis

Back 122

an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in teh blood due to decreased ventilation which can lower the pH of the blood

Front 123

respiratory alkalosis

Back 123

when carbon dioxide levels are abnormally low due to increased ventilation

Front 124

metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

Back 124

when changes in blood pH result from metabolic factors (such as vomiting and renal disease)

Front 125

frontal sinus

Back 125

--found in all domestic species

--location: dorsal part of skull between nasal cavity and orbit

Front 126

maxillary sinus

Back 126

--found in all domestic species

--location: maxilla with nasal cavity on each side (maxillary recess in carnivores)

Front 127

sphenoid sinus

Back 127

--found in feline, bovine, equine, swine

--location: sphenoid bone; opens to nasal cavity

Front 128

palatine sinus

Back 128

--found in ruminants, equine

--location: palatine bone; communicates with maxillary sinus

Front 129

lacrimal sinus

Back 129

--found in swine, ruminants

--location: lacrimal bone

Front 130

conchal sinus

Back 130

--found in swine, ruminants, equine

--formed by enclosure of conchae

Front 131

tidal volume

Back 131

amount of air exchanged during normal respiration (air inhaled and exhaled in one breath)

Front 132

inspiratory reserve volume

--or--

complemental air

Back 132

amount of air inspired over the tidal volume (extra amount that could be inhaled after normal inspiration)

Front 133

expiratory reserve volume

--or--

supplemental air

Back 133

amount of air expired over the tidal volume (extra amount that could be exhaled after normal expiration)

Front 134

residual volume

Back 134

air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration (amount of air trapped in alveoli)

Front 135

dead space

Back 135

air in the pathway of the respiratory system (termed dead because this air is not currently participating in gas exchange)

Front 136

minimal volume

Back 136

amount of air left in alveoli after the lung collapses

Front 137

vital capacity

Back 137

largest amount of air that can be moved in the lung (tidal volume + inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes)

Front 138

arterial blood gases

Back 138

laboratory test in which pressure levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are measured in arterial blood; abbreviated ABG

Front 139

auscultation

Back 139

--act of listening

--respiratory tract is auscultated with a stethoscope

--respiratory rhythm, rate, and sound are evaluated upon auscultation

Front 140

adventitious sounds

Back 140

pathologic respiratory sounds (like bubbling, crepitation/rales/crackles, decreased lung sounds, consolidation)

Front 141

bubbling

Back 141

sound of popping bubbles that suggests fluid accumulation

Front 142

crepitation

rales

crackles

Back 142

fine or coarse interrupted crackling noises coming from collapsed or fluid-filled alveoli during inspiration

Front 143

decreased lung sounds

Back 143

less or no sound of air movement, suggesting consolidation of lung tissue

Front 144

consolidation

Back 144

a condition in which lung tissue becomes firm and solid rather than elastic and air-filled because it has accumulated fluids and tissue debris

Front 145

respiratory rate (RR)

Back 145

--number of respirations per minute

--one inspiration and one expiration form a singe respiration

--RR varies with species

Front 146

rhonchi

wheezes

Back 146

abnormal, continuous, musical, high-pitched whistling sounds heard during inspiration

Front 147

stridor

Back 147

snoring, squeaking, or whistling that suggests airway narrowing

Front 148

vesicular sounds

Back 148

sound resulting from air passing through small bronchi and alveoli

Front 149

bronchoalveolar lavage

Back 149

--collection of fluid or mucus from the bronchi and/or alveoli via an endoscope or through an endotracheal tube inserted as far down the trachea caudally as possible before infusing fluid and aspirating a sample

--fluid may be used for cytologic examination

Front 150

bronchoscopy

Back 150

--visual examination of the bronchus

--may be used to examine the bronchi for disease or foreign objects

Front 151

bronchoscope

Back 151

an instrument used to visually examine the bronchus

Front 152

laryngoscopy

Back 152

--visual examination of the voice box

--used to examine the larynx for disease, tissue repair, or foreign objects

Front 153

laryngoscope

Back 153

an instrument used to visually examine the voice box

Front 154

percussion

Back 154

--diagnostic procedure used t determine density in which sound is produced by tapping various body surfaces with the finger or an instrument

--the sound produced over the chest where air is present differs from that of an area where fluid is present

Front 155

phlegm

Back 155

thick mucus secreted by the respiratory lining

Front 156

sputum

Back 156

--mucus secretion from the lower respiratory tract

--can be used for cytologic examination

Front 157

radiography

Back 157

--image of internal structures created by exposure of sensitized film to x-rays

--ultrasound does not work well for the respiratory system because the ultrasound beam cannot pass through a gas-containing structure to provide information about the internal structures

Front 158

spirometer

Back 158

--instrument used to measure air taken in and out of the lungs

--it measures the lungs' volume and capacity

Front 159

sputum culture

Back 159

procedure in which mucus from the lower respiratory tract is collected and placed in predetermined media (nutrient source) to allow microbes to reproduce

Front 160

thoracocentesis

thoracentesis

Back 160

--puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

--this fluid may be used for cytologic and microbiologic examination

also may be performed to drain pleural effusions or to reexpand a collapsed lung

Front 161

tracheal wash

Back 161

--collection of fluid or mucus from the trachea via an endotracheal tube to assess respiratory disease

--fluid may be used for cytologic and microbiologic examination

Front 162

transtracheal wash

Back 162

--sterile collection of fluid or mucus from the trachea via a catheter inserted thorough the skin into the trachea to assess respiratory disease

--may be used for cytologic and microbiologic examination

--abbreviated TTW

Front 163

trephination

Back 163

insertion of a hole-boring instrument (trephine) into a sinus to establish fluid drainage or to allow access to the roots of teeth

Front 164

anoxia

Back 164

absence of oxygen (almost complete lack of oxygen)

Front 165

asphyxiation

suffocation

Back 165

interruption of breathing resulting in lack of oxygen

Front 166

aspiration

Back 166

inhalation of a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract

Front 167

asthma

Back 167

chronic allergic disorder

Front 168

atelectasis

Back 168

incomplete expansion of the alveoli; also may mean collapse of a lung

Front 169

bronchiectasis

Back 169

--dilation of the bronchi

--may be a sequela of inflammation or obstruction

Front 170

sequela

Back 170

a condition following as a consequence of a disease

Front 171

bronchitis

Back 171

--inflammation of bronchi

--may be acute or chronic

Front 172

acute

Back 172

occurring over a short course with a sudden onset

Front 173

chronic

Back 173

occurring over a long course with a progressive onset

Front 174

bronchopneumonia

Back 174

abnormal condition of the bronchi and llung

Front 175

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 175

--general term for abnormal conditions in equine species in which expiratory flow is slowed

--commonly called heaves

--horses with heaves may have a heave line, which is increased abdominal musculature associated with increased expiratory effort in horses with COPD

Front 176

cyanosis

Back 176

--abnormal condition of blue discoloration

--is caused by inadequate oxygen levels

Front 177

diaphragmatic hernia

Back 177

abnormal opening in the diaphragm that allows part of the abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity

Front 178

emphysema

Back 178

chronic lung disease caused by enlargement of the alveoli or changes in the alveolar wall

Front 179

epistaxis

Back 179

nosebleed

Front 180

equine laryngeal hemiplegia

left laryngeal hemiplegia

roaring

Back 180

disorder of horses that is characterized by abnormal inspiratory noise during exercise associated with degeneration of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and atrophy of the laryngeal muscles

Front 181

-plegia

Back 181

suffix that means paralysis

Front 182

hemoptysis

Back 182

spitting of blood from the lower respiratory tract

Front 183

hemothorax

Back 183

accumulation of blood in the chest cavity

Front 184

inflammation

Back 184

--localized protective response to destroy, dilute, or wall off injury

--classic signs are heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function

Front 185

laryngitis

Back 185

inflammation of the voice box

Front 186

laryngoplegia

Back 186

paralysis of the voice box

Front 187

laryngospasm

Back 187

sudden fluttering or closure of the voice box

Front 188

pharyngitis

Back 188

inflammation of the throat

Front 189

phonation

Back 189

act of producing sound

Front 190

aphonation

Back 190

inability to produce sound

Front 191

pleural effusion

Back 191

--abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

--a small amount of lubricating fluid in the pleural space is normal

Front 192

effusion

Back 192

fluid escaping from blood or lymphatic vessels into tissues or spaces

Front 193

pleurisy

pleuritis

Back 193

inflammation of the pleura

Front 194

pleuropneumonia

Back 194

abnormal condition of the pleura and the lung (usually involves inflammation and congestion of the lung)

Front 195

pneumonia

Back 195

abnormal condition of the lung that usually involves inflammation and congestion of the lung

Front 196

congestion

Back 196

abnormal accumulation of fluid

Front 197

interstitial

Back 197

pertains to the area between the cells

Front 198

interstitial pneumonia

Back 198

an abnormal lung condition with increased fluid between the alveoli and a decrease in lung function

Front 199

pneumothorax

Back 199

abnormal accumulation of air or gas in the chest cavity

Front 200

polyp

Back 200

growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane (usually benign)

Front 201

pulmonary edema

Back 201

accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue

Front 202

edema

Back 202

abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces

Front 203

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 203

abnormal formation of fibers in the alveolar walls

Front 204

pyothorax

Back 204

accumulation of pus in the chest cavity

Front 205

pus

Back 205

a fluid product of inflammation composed of leukocytes, exudate, and cell debris

Front 206

exudate

Back 206

high-protein fluid

Front 207

rhinitis

Back 207

--inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes

--nasal discharge can be described by its appearance, such as mucopurulent (which means containing mucus and pus)

Front 208

rhinopneumonitis

Back 208

inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes and lungs

Front 209

rhinorrhea

Back 209

nasal discharge

Front 210

sinusitis

Back 210

inflammation of a sinus

Front 211

snuffles

Back 211

common term for upper respiratory disease of rabbits caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida

Front 212

stenotic nares

Back 212

narrowed nostrils that reduce airway flow

Front 213

tracheitis

Back 213

inflammation of the windpipe

Front 214

tracheobronchitis

Back 214

inflammation of the trachea and bronchi

Front 215

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Back 215

--invasion of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, or larynx (or trachea) by pathogenic organisms

--signs include cough, nasal and ocular discharge, dyspnea, and respiratory noise

Front 216

cough

Back 216

--a sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

--may be paroxysmal (which means spasmlike and sudden)

Front 217

tuss/i

Back 217

cough

Front 218

bronchoconstrictors

Back 218

substances that narrow the openings into the lung

Front 219

bronchodilators

Back 219

substances that expand the openings into the lung

Front 220

mucolytics

Back 220

substances used to break down mucus

Front 221

-lysis

Back 221

means break down or separate

Front 222

antitussives

Back 222

substances used to control or prevent coughing

Front 223

anti-

Back 223

means against

Front 224

chest tube placement

Back 224

--a chest tube is a hollow device inserted into the thoracic cavity to remove fluid or gas

--chest tubes are passed when animals are severely dyspneic because of pressure on the lungs

Front 225

endotracheal intubation

Back 225

--passage of a tube through the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx into the windpipe

--an endotracheal tube provides a patent (open, unobstructed, or not closed) airway for administration of anesthetics or for critical care patients

Front 226

laryngectomy

Back 226

surgical removal of the voice box

Front 227

laryngoplasty

Back 227

surgical repair of the voice box

Front 228

lobectomy

Back 228

surgical removal of a lobe

Front 229

pharyngoplasty

Back 229

surgical repair of the throat

Front 230

pharyngostomy

Back 230

surgical creation of an opening into the throat

Front 231

stoma

Back 231

an opening on a body surface that may occur naturally or may be created surgically

Front 232

pharyngotomy

Back 232

surgical incision into the throat

Front 233

pleurectomy

Back 233

surgical removal of all or part of the pleura

Front 234

pneumonectomy

Back 234

surgical removal of lung tissue

Front 235

sinusotomy

Back 235

surgical incision into a sinus

Front 236

thoracotomy

Back 236

surgical incision into the chest wall

Front 237

tracheoplasty

Back 237

surgical repair of the windpipe

Front 238

tracheostomy

Back 238

surgical creation of an opening into the windpipe (usually involves insertion and placement of a tube)

Front 239

tracheotomy

Back 239

surgical incision into the windpipe

Front 240

ABG

Back 240

arterial blood gas

Front 241

CO2

Back 241

carbon dioxide

Front 242

COPD

Back 242

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 243

CPR

Back 243

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Front 244

ET

Back 244

endotracheal

Front 245

O2

Back 245

oxygen

Front 246

PEEP

Back 246

positive end expiratory pressure

Front 247

RR

Back 247

respiration rate

Front 248

TTA

Back 248

transtracheal aspiration

Front 249

TTW

Back 249

transtracheal wash

Front 250

URI

Back 250

upper respiratory infection