Medical Terminology Chapter 6

Front 1

aliment/o

Back 1

nourishment

Front 2

oral cavity

Back 2

lips and cheeks, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium

Front 3

or/o

stomat/o

Back 3

mouth

Front 4

gnath/o

Back 4

jaw

Front 5

prognathis

Back 5

elongated mandible or mandible that is overshot

Front 6

brachygnathia

Back 6

shortened mandible

Front 7

labia

Back 7

lips (opening to the oral cavity)

Front 8

labium

Back 8

single lip

Front 9

cheil/o

labi/o

Back 9

lips

Front 10

bucc/o

Back 10

cheek

Front 11

buccal

Back 11

pertaining to or directed toward the cheek

Front 12

palate

Back 12

forms the roof of the mouth

Front 13

hard palate

Back 13

bony rostral portion of the palate covered with specialized mucous membrane

Front 14

rugae

Back 14

the specialized mucous membrane of the hard palate containing irregular folds

Front 15

rug/o

Back 15

wrinkle or fold

Front 16

soft palate

Back 16

forms the flexible caudal portion of the palate.

Front 17

palat/o

Back 17

palate

Front 18

tongue

Back 18

movable muscular organ in the oral cavity used for tasting and processing food, grooming, and articulating sound.

Front 19

papillae

Back 19

elevations on the dorsum of the tongue

Front 20

filiform

Back 20

threadlike papillae on the dorsum of the tongue

Front 21

fungiform

Back 21

mushroomlike papillae on the dorsum of the tongue

Front 22

vallate

Back 22

cup-shaped papillae on the dorsum of the tongue

Front 23

Where are taste buds located?

Back 23

in the fungiform and vallate papillae

Front 24

frenulum

Back 24

connective tissue that connects the tongue to the ventral surface of the oral cavity

Front 25

gloss/o

lingu/o

Back 25

tongue

Front 26

lingual surface

Back 26

side of the cheek that is adjacent to the tongue

Front 27

dent/o

dent/I

odont/o

Back 27

teeth

Front 28

dentition

Back 28

teeth as a whole

Front 29

deciduous dentition

Back 29

primary dentition; temporary set of teeth that erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity.

Front 30

decidu/o

Back 30

shedding

Front 31

permanent dentition

Back 31

set of teeth designed to last the lifetime of an animal

Front 32

retained deciduous tooth

Back 32

deciduous tooth that has not been shed and may be extracted professionally

Front 33

incisor

Back 33

front tooth usef for cutting

Front 34

canine

Back 34

long, pointed bonelike tooth located between the incisors and premolars; also called fang and cuspid

Front 35

premolar

Back 35

cheek tooth found between the canine teeth and molars; also called bicuspids

Front 36

enamel

Back 36

hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth

Front 37

cementum

Back 37

bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth

Front 38

dentin

Back 38

connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp

Front 39

pulp

Back 39

part of the tooth that consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue

Front 40

apical foramen

Back 40

hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels nter the tooth

Front 41

periodontia

Back 41

structures that support the teeth

Front 42

alveoli

Back 42

sockets or saclike dilations where the teeth are situated

Front 43

alveolar bone

Back 43

thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socket

Front 44

periodontal ligament

Back 44

fibrous structure that holds the tooth in the alveolus

Front 45

gingiva

Back 45

mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining (gums)

Front 46

gingiv/o

Back 46

gums

Front 47

gingival sulcus

Back 47

space that surrounds the tooth

Front 48

salivary glands

Back 48

group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes (saliva)

Front 49

saliva

Back 49

moistens food, begins the digestive process by aiding in bolus formation and some digestive activity, and cleanses the mouth

Front 50

mandibular salivary glands

Back 50

found near the mandible

Front 51

sublingual salivary glands

Back 51

found under the tongue

Front 52

zygomatic salivary glands

Back 52

found medial to the zygomatic arch

Front 53

parotid salivary glands

Back 53

found near the ear

Front 54

para-

Back 54

prefix for near

Front 55

ot/o

Back 55

ear

Front 56

sialaden/o

sial/o

Back 56

salivary glands or saliva

Front 57

mastication

Back 57

chewing

Front 58

ingesta

Back 58

food that is taken in orally

Front 59

hypersalivation

(or ptyalism or hypersialosis)

Back 59

excessive production of saliva

Front 60

sial/o

ptyal/o

Back 60

saliva

Front 61

deglutition

Back 61

process of swallowing

Front 62

phag/o

Back 62

eating or ingestion

Front 63

esophagus

Back 63

collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach. It is located dorsal to the trachea.

Front 64

esophagi/o

Back 64

esophagus

Front 65

abdomen

Back 65

cavity located between the diaphragm and pelvis

Front 66

abdomen/o

celi/o

Back 66

abdomen

Front 67

lapar/o

Back 67

abdomen and flank

Front 68

peritoneum

Back 68

membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities an some of the organs in that area

Front 69

parietal peritoneum

Back 69

layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 70

visceral peritoneum

Back 70

layer of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs

Front 71

lesser omentum

Back 71

a fold of the peritoneum that connects the stomach to other visceral organs

Front 72

greater omentum

Back 72

fold of the peritoneum that connects the stomack to the dorsal abdominal wall

Front 73

gastr/o

Back 73

stomach

Front 74

monogastric

Back 74

animals that have one true, or glandular, stomach

Front 75

ruminant

Back 75

animals that can regurgitate and remasticate their food; they have one true glandular stomach also but they also have 3 forestomachs (rumen, reticulum, and omasum).

Front 76

glandular stomach

Back 76

one that produces secretions for digestion

Front 77

cardia

Back 77

entrance area located nearest the esophagus

Front 78

fundus

Back 78

base of an organ, which is the cranial, rounded part

Front 79

body

(or corpus)

Back 79

main portion of an organ, which is the rounded base or bottom

Front 80

antrum

Back 80

caudal part, which is the constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus

Front 81

intestinal flora

Back 81

normal microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 82

cud

Back 82

regurgitated food particles, fiber, rumen fluid, and rumen microorganisms

Front 83

rumen

(or paunch)

Back 83

largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat; it is divided into a ventral sac and a dorsal sac

Front 84

reticulum

(or honeycomb)

Back 84

most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach; it is lined with a mucous membrane that contains numerous intersecting ridges

Front 85

omasum

Back 85

3rd compartment of the ruminant stomach; it has short, blunt papillae that grind food before it enters the abomasum.

Front 86

abomasum

(or true stomach)

Back 86

4th compartment of the ruminant stomach; it is the glandular portion that secretes digestive enzymes

Front 87

mesentery

Back 87

a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the small intestine to the dorsal abdominal wall

Front 88

enter/o

Back 88

small intestine

Front 89

gatroenterology

Back 89

study of the stomach and small intesting

Front 90

rumination

Back 90

the process of bringing food material from the stomach to the mouth for further chewing. it has 4 phases: regurgitation, remastication and resalivation, redeglutition.

Front 91

herbivore

Back 91

animal that is able to sustain life by eating only plants

Front 92

omnivore

Back 92

animal that sustains life by eating plant and animal tissue

Front 93

carnivore

Back 93

animal that is able to sustain life by eating only animal tissue. a carnivore may eat a plant, but that does not make it an omnivore.

Front 94

duodenum

Back 94

proximal or first portion of the small intesting; located nearest the mouth

Front 95

duoden/I

duoden/o

Back 95

duodenum

Front 96

jejunum

Back 96

middle portion of the small intesting

Front 97

jejun/o

Back 97

jejunum

Front 98

ileum

(or aboral)

Back 98

distal or last portion of the small intestine; located furthest from the mouth

Front 99

ile/o

Back 99

ileum

Front 100

chyle

Back 100

a milky fluid formed by digested food in the small intestine

Front 101

cec/o

Back 101

cecum (part of the large intestine)

Front 102

col/o

Back 102

colon

Front 103

rect/o

Back 103

rectum

Front 104

an/o

Back 104

anus

Front 105

anorectal

Back 105

pertaining to the anus and rectum

Front 106

proct/o

Back 106

the anus and rectum collectively

Front 107

ascending colon

Back 107

the part that progresses upward, or cranially

Front 108

transverse colon

Back 108

the part that traves across

Front 109

trans-

Back 109

prefix for across

Front 110

descending colon

Back 110

the part that progresses downward, or caudally

Front 111

flexures

Back 111

bends or curves in the colo

Front 112

hepat/o

Back 112

liver

Front 113

glycogen

Back 113

excess glucose removed from the bloodstream by the liver

Front 114

hepatocytes

Back 114

liver cells

Front 115

biliary

Back 115

pertaining to bile

Front 116

emulsification

Back 116

fat digestion

Front 117

bilirubin

Back 117

pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin that is released by the liver in bile

Front 118

gallbladder

Back 118

sac embedded in the liver that stores bile for later use

Front 119

cyst/o

Back 119

cyst, sac of fluid, or urinary bladder

Front 120

chol/e

Back 120

bile or gall

Front 121

doch/o

Back 121

receptacle

Front 122

cholecystic

Back 122

pertaining to the gallbladder

Front 123

choledochus

Back 123

common bile duct

Front 124

pancreas

Back 124

elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum

Front 125

pancreat/o

Back 125

pancreas

Front 126

trypsin

Back 126

an enzyme that digests protein

Front 127

lipase

Back 127

an enzyme that digests fat

Front 128

amylase

Back 128

an enzyme that digests carbohydrates

Front 129

enzymes

Back 129

substances that chemically change another substance

Front 130

proteases

Back 130

enzymes that work on protein

Front 131

lipases

Back 131

enzymes that work on fats (lipids)

Front 132

pepsin

Back 132

enzyme that digests protein

Front 133

metabolism

Back 133

the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients

Front 134

meta-

Back 134

prefix meaning change or beyone

Front 135

anabolism

Back 135

building of body cells and substances

Front 136

catabolism

Back 136

breaking down of body cells and substances

Front 137

absorption

Back 137

process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system

Front 138

nutrient

Back 138

substance that is necessary for normal functioning of the body

Front 139

villi

Back 139

tiny hairlike projection in the small intestine (a single projection is a villus)

Front 140

vill/i

Back 140

tuft of hair

Front 141

prehension

Back 141

grasping of food; involves collecting food in the oral cavity

Front 142

mastication

Back 142

breaks food into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva

Front 143

deglutition

Back 143

moves chewed ingesta into the pharynx and into the esophagus

Front 144

peristalsis

Back 144

the series of wavelike contractions ofsmooth muscles; moves food down the esophagus (along with gravity)

Front 145

-stalsis

Back 145

suffix meaning contraction

Front 146

chyme

Back 146

semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes from the stomach

Front 147

defecation

Back 147

the emptying of the bowels

Front 148

ballottment

Back 148

diagnostic technique of hitting or tapping the wall of a fluid-filled structure to bounce a solid structure against a wall; used for pregnancy diagnosis and determination of abdominal contents

Front 149

barium

Back 149

contrast material used for radiographic studies

Front 150

barium swallow

barium enema

upper GI

lower GI

Back 150

tests given to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract

Front 151

enema

Back 151

introduction of fluid into the rectum

Front 152

biopsy

Back 152

removal of tissue to examine

Front 153

incisional biopsy

Back 153

part of the tissue is removed and examined

Front 154

excisional biopsy

Back 154

the entire tissue is removed and examined

Front 155

preprandial blood sample

Back 155

taken before a meal

Front 156

postprandial blood sample

Back 156

taken after a meal

Front 157

-prandial

Back 157

means meal

Front 158

colonoscopy

Back 158

endoscopic visual exam of the inner surface of the colon; the scope is passed from the rectum through the colon

Front 159

endoscope

Back 159

tubelike instrument with lights and refracting mirrors used to examine the body or organs internally

Front 160

esophagoscopy

Back 160

endoscopic visual examination of the esophagus; the scope is passed from the oral cavity through the esophagus

Front 161

gastroscopy

Back 161

endoscopic visual exam of the inner surface of the stomach; the scope is passed from the oral cavity through the stomach

Front 162

hemoccult

Back 162

test for hidden blood in the stool

Front 163

occult

Back 163

hidden

Front 164

radiography

Back 164

imaging of internal structures created by the exposure of sensitized film to x-rays.

Front 165

ultrasound

Back 165

imaging of internal body structures by recording echoes of sound waves

Front 166

achalasia

Back 166

inability to relax the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract

Front 167

adontia

Back 167

absence of teeth

Front 168

aerophagia

Back 168

swallowing of air

Front 169

anal sacculitis

Back 169

inflammation of the pouches located around the anus

Front 170

inspissation

Back 170

the process of rendering dry or thick by evaporation and is used to describe the anal sac fluid in animals with anal sacculitis

Front 171

anorexia

Back 171

lack or loss of appetite

Front 172

ascariasis

Back 172

parasitic infestation with roundworms of the genus Ascaris

Front 173

ascites

Back 173

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Front 174

atresia

Back 174

occlusion or absence of normal body opening or tubular organ

Front 175

bloat

Back 175

accumulation of gas in the digestive tract

(in monogastric animals, the accumulation of gas in the stomach. in ruminants, the accumulation of gas in the rumen, abomasum, or cecum)

Front 176

borborygmus

Back 176

gas movement in the gastrointestinal tract that produces a rumbling noise

Front 177

bruxism

Back 177

involuntary grinding of the teeth

Front 178

cachexia

Back 178

general ill health and malnutrition; used in describing the condition of cancer patients

Front 179

cholecystitis

Back 179

inflammation of the gallbladder

Front 180

cirrhosis

Back 180

degenerative disease that disturbs the structure and function of the liver

Front 181

cirrh/o

Back 181

tawny, orange yellow, which is the color of cirrhotic livers

Front 182

colic

Back 182

severe abdominal pain

(common in horses and may be caused by ingesting large amounts of grain, pasture fresh grass or sand; excessive gas; stress, internal parasites, dehydration; sudden dietary changes; and constipation or impaction; signs include flanking or looking at the abdomen, bloated or distended abdomen, frequent lying down and standing, rolling, kicking or biting at the abdomen, sweating, restlessness, constipation or no bowel movements, and anorexia)

Front 183

colitis

Back 183

inflammation of the colon

Front 184

constipation

Back 184

condition of prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, making stool hard, dry and difficult to pass

Front 185

coprophagia

Back 185

ingestion of fecal material

Front 186

copr/o

Back 186

feces

Front 187

coprophagic therapy

Back 187

feeding a suspension of fecal pellets from a healthy animal to an ill animal. used in some animal species such as guinea pigs and rabbits to treat gastrointestinal disease.

Front 188

cribbing

Back 188

vice of equine in which an object is grasped between the teeth, pressure is applied, and air in inhaled

Front 189

dehydration

Back 189

condition of excessive loss of body water or fluid.

(status can be determined by how quickly the skin over the base of the neck or over the shoulder snaps back into place after this normally elastic skin is lifted. When dehydrated, the skin will stay tented or not go back to the normal position as quickly as normal. Dehydration can also be observed when the eyes appear sunken into the head)

Front 190

dental calculus

(or tartar)

Back 190

abnormal mineralized deposit that forms on the teeth. It is mineral deposit.

Front 191

dental caries

Back 191

decay and decalcification of teeth, producing a hole in the tooth

Front 192

diarrhea

Back 192

abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal material. Caused by irritation of the intestinal lining that causes feces to pass through the intestine too quickly for adequate amounts of water to be reabsorbed.

Front 193

displaced abomasum

Back 193

disease of ruminants in which the 4th stomach compartment becomes trapped under the rumen

(also called DA. denoted as LDA (left displaced abomasum) or RDA (right displaced abomasum) depending on its location. LDA is more common)

Front 194

diverticulitis

Back 194

inflammation of a pouch or pouches occurring in the wall of a tubular organ

Front 195

diverticulum

Back 195

a pouch occurring on the wall of a tubular organ (diverticula is the plural form)

Front 196

dyschezi

Back 196

difficulty defecating

Front 197

dys-

Back 197

prefix for difficult

Front 198

dysentery

Back 198

number of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestine, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

Front 199

dysphagia

Back 199

difficulty swallowing or eating

Front 200

-phagia

Back 200

eating or swallowing

Front 201

emaciation

Back 201

marked wasting or excessive leanness

Front 202

emesis

(or vomiting)

Back 202

forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

Front 203

vomitus

Back 203

the material that is vomited

Front 204

PO

per os

Back 204

orally

Front 205

NPO

Back 205

give nothing orally

Front 206

enteritis

Back 206

inflammation of the small intestine

Front 207

enterocolitis

Back 207

inflammation of the small intestine and large intestine

Front 208

epulis

Back 208

benign tumor arising from periodontal mucous membranes

Front 209

eructation

Back 209

belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Front 210

esophageal reflux

(or GERD-gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Back 210

return of stomach contents into the esophagus;

Front 211

reflux

Back 211

backward or return flux

Front 212

eviscerate

Back 212

remove or expose internal organs.

Front 213

evisceration

Back 213

Evisceration is used to describe the exposure of internal organs after unsuccessful surgical closure of the abdomen (or another area containing organs)

Front 214

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

(abbreviated EPI)

Back 214

metabolic disease in which the pancreas does not secrete adequate amounts of digestive enzymes and is associated with weight loss, fatty stools, and borborygmus

Front 215

fecalith

(or coprolith)

Back 215

stonelike fecal mass

Front 216

-lithiasis

Back 216

presence of stones

Front 217

flatulence

Back 217

excessive gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 218

gastric dilatation

Back 218

condition usually seen in deep chested canines in which the stomach fills with air and expands

Front 219

dilatation

Back 219

stretching beyond normal

Front 220

gastric dilatation volvulus

(abbreviated GDV)

Back 220

condition usually seen in deep-chested canines in which the stomach fills with air, expands, and twists on itself

Front 221

gastritis

Back 221

inflammation of the stomach

Front 222

gastroenteritis

Back 222

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

(anatomically the stomach occurs first then the small intestine)

Front 223

gingival hyperplasia

Back 223

overgrowth of the gingiva characterized by firm, nonpainful swellings associated with gingiva

Front 224

gingivitis

Back 224

inflammation of the gums

Front 225

hematemesis

Back 225

vomiting blood

Front 226

hematochezia

Back 226

passage of bloody stool

Front 227

hemoperitoneum

Back 227

blood in the peritoneum

Front 228

hepatitis

Back 228

inflammation of the liver

Front 229

hepatoma

Back 229

tumor of the liver

Front 230

hiatal hernia

Back 230

protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

Front 231

hydrops

(or dropsy)

Back 231

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of a body cavity

Front 232

hyperglycemia

Back 232

elevated blood sugar levels

Front 233

hypoglycemia

Back 233

lower than normal blood sugar levels

Front 234

ileitis

Back 234

inflammation of the ileum

Front 235

ileus

Back 235

stoppage of intestinal peristalsi

Front 236

impaction

Back 236

obstruction of an area, usually when feed is too dry

Front 237

inappetance

Back 237

lack of desire to eat

Front 238

incontinence

Back 238

inability to control

(a descriptive term is usually in front of it; for ex. fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements)

Front 239

inflammatory bowel disease

(abbreviated IBD)

Back 239

a group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders that are characterized microscopically by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lining of the digestive tract.

Front 240

inguinal hernia

Back 240

protrusion of bowel through the inguinal canal; protrusion is seen in the groin

Front 241

intussusception

Back 241

telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part

Front 242

jaundice

(or icterus)

Back 242

yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by elevated bilirubin levels

Front 243

lethargy

Back 243

condition of drowsiness or indifference

Front 244

malabsorption

Back 244

lack of proper food or nutrients in an animal's body due to food shortage, poor eating habits, or the inability to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients due to disease conditions.

Animals with malnutrition break down their own tissues to meet their nutritional an metabolic needs.

Front 245

total parenteral nutrition

(abbreviated TPN)

Back 245

given to malnourished animals; all of their nutritional requirements are met through a nutritional liquid administered intravenously.

Front 246

parenteral

Back 246

not in the digestive tract

Front 247

malocclusion

Back 247

abnormal contact between the teeth

Front 248

mal-

Back 248

prefix meaning bad

Front 249

occlusion

Back 249

any contact between the chewing surfaces of the teeth

Front 250

megacolon

Back 250

abnormally large colon

Front 251

megaesophagus

Back 251

abnormally large esophagus

Front 252

melena

Back 252

black, tarry stools containing digested blood; it suggests a bleeding problem in the upper gastrointestinal tract

Front 253

nausea

Back 253

stomach upset or sensation of urge to vomit; difficult to use descriptively in animals

Front 254

obstruction

Back 254

complete stoppage or impairment to passage.

(they are usually preceded by a term that describes the location such as intestinal obstruction)

Front 255

partial obstruction

Back 255

an obstruction that is not complete

Front 256

oronasal fistula

Back 256

abnormal opening between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity; they may be congenital, traumatic, or associated with dental disease

Front 257

palatoschisis

(or cleft palate)

Back 257

congenital fissure of the roof of the mouth that may involve the upper lip, hard palate, and soft palate

Front 258

perforating ulcer

Back 258

erosion through the entire thickness of a surface

Front 259

periapical abscess

Back 259

inflammation of tissues and collection of pus surrounding the apical portion of a tooth root due to pulpal disease

Front 260

periodontitis

(or periodontal disease)

Back 260

inflammation of the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth

Front 261

inflammation

Back 261

a localized protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissue. signs are heat, redness, pain, swelling, and loss of function

Front 262

pica

Back 262

eating and licking abnormal substances or a depraved appetite

Front 263

plaque

(or dental plaque)

Back 263

small, differentiated area on a body surface. in the gastrointestinal system, it is used to refer to the mixed colony of bacteria, leukocytes, and salivary products that adhere to the tooth enamel

Front 264

polydipsia

(abbreviated PD)

Back 264

excessive thirst or drinking

Front 265

polyp

Back 265

small growth on a mucous membrane

Front 266

polyphagia

Back 266

excessive eating or swallowing

Front 267

dips/o

Back 267

thirst

Front 268

poly-

Back 268

prefix meaning many or much

Front 269

prolapse

Back 269

protrusion of viscera

(a descriptive term usually precedes it, for ex. a rectal prolapse is a protrusion of the rectum through the anus)

Front 270

quidding

Back 270

condition in which food is taken into the mouth and chewed but falls from the mouth

Front 271

regurgitation

Back 271

return of swallowed food into the oral cavity; a passive event compared with the force involved with vomiting

Front 272

salivary mucocele

Back 272

collection of saliva that ahs leaked from a damaged salivary gland or duct and is surrounded by granulation tissue

Front 273

scours

Back 273

diarrhea in livestock

Front 274

shunt

Back 274

to bypass or divert

Front 275

portosystemic shunt

Back 275

blood vessels bypass the liver and the blood is not detoxified properly

Front 276

stenosis

Back 276

narrowing of an opening

(usually used with a descriptive term in front for ex. pyloric stenosis is the narrowing of the pylorus as it leads into the duodenum)

Front 277

stomatitis

Back 277

inflammation of the mouth

Front 278

tenesmus

Back 278

painful, ineffective defecation

(can also mean painful, ineffective urination, but is rarely used in this context)

Front 279

torsion

Back 279

axial twist; twist around the long axis of gut

Front 280

trichobezoar

Back 280

hairball

Front 281

trich/o

Back 281

hair

Front 282

ulcer

Back 282

erosion of tissue

Front 283

volvulus

Back 283

twisting on itself (end-to-end twist); twist around long axis of mesentery)

Front 284

abdominocentesis

Back 284

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

Front 285

abomasopexy

Back 285

surgical fixation of the abomasum of ruminants to the abdominal wall

Front 286

-pexy

Back 286

surgically fix something to a body surface

Front 287

anastomosis

Back 287

surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures

Front 288

anoplasty

Back 288

surgical repair of the anus

Front 289

antidiarrheal

Back 289

substance that prevents frequent and extremely liquid stool

Front 290

bolus

Back 290

rounded mass of food or large pharmaceutical preparation or to give something rapidly

Front 291

cholecystectomy

Back 291

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Front 292

colectomy

Back 292

surgical removal of the colon

Front 293

colostomy

Back 293

surgical production of an artificial opening between the colon and the body surface

Front 294

colotomy

Back 294

surgical incision into the colon

Front 295

crown

(or cap)

Back 295

restoration of teeth using materials that are cemented into place; used to cap or completely cover a tooth

Front 296

drench

Back 296

to give medication in liquid form by mouth and forcing the animal to drink

Front 297

emetic

Back 297

producing vomiting

Front 298

anti-emetic

Back 298

prevents vomiting

Front 299

enterostomy

Back 299

surgical production of an artificial opening between the small intestine and the abdominal wall

Front 300

esophagoplasty

Back 300

surgical repair of the esophagus

Front 301

extraction

Back 301

removal; used to describe surgical removal of a tooth

Front 302

fistula

Back 302

abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two internal organs

Front 303

perianal fistula

Back 303

an abnormal passage around the caudal opening of the gastrointestinal tract

Front 304

perianal

Back 304

around the anus

Front 305

float

Back 305

instrument used to file or rasp an equine's premolar or molar teeth; also used to describe the procedure of filing equine teeth

Front 306

gastrectomy

Back 306

surgical removal of all or part of the stomach

(to denote the extent of the excision, partial gastrectomy is used to denote surgical removal of part of the stomach)

Front 307

gastroduodenostomy

Back 307

removal of part of the stomach and duodenum and making a connection between them

Front 308

gastropexy

Back 308

surgical fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall

Front 309

gastrostomy

Back 309

surgical production of an artificial opening between the stomach and abdominal wall

Front 310

-stomy

Back 310

suffix meaning surgical production of an opening between an organ and a body surface

(the opening created during this procedure is called a stoma)

Front 311

effluent

Back 311

discharge

(an effluent flows from the stoma created by a -stomy surgery like a gastrostomy)

Front 312

gastrotomy

Back 312

surgical incision into the stomach

Front 313

gavage

Back 313

forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach

Front 314

gingivectomy

Back 314

surgical removal of gum tissue

Front 315

hepatotomy

Back 315

surgical incision into the liver

Front 316

ileectomy

Back 316

surgical removal of the ileum

Front 317

ileostomy

Back 317

surgical production of an artificial opening between the ileum and abdominal wall

Front 318

laparotomy

Back 318

surgical incision into the abdomen

Front 319

lapar/o

Back 319

abdomen or flank

Front 320

nasogastric intubation

(abbreviated NG)

Back 320

placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach

Front 321

orogastric intubation

(or stomach tube)

Back 321

passage of a tube from the mouth to the stomach

Front 322

orogastric

Back 322

pertaining to the mouth and stomach

Front 323

palatoplasty

Back 323

surgical repair of a cleft palate

Front 324

transfaunation

Back 324

transferring microbes from one animal to another to reinoculate the ill animal with a healthy microbial population

(used to treat cattle that are severely off-feed particularly in cases of acidosis healthy microbes are found in rumen content and are typically transferred from a bovine that has a rumen fistula)

Front 325

trocarization

Back 325

insertion of a pointed instrument (trocar) into a body cavity or an organ. The trocar is usually inside a cannula so that once the trocar penetrates the membrane, it can be withdrawn and the cannula remains in place.

(Trocarization is usually preferred for cases of bloat to relieve pressure)

Front 326

ruminal paracentesis

Back 326

when trocarization is performed for treatment of ruminal bloat

Front 327

BE

Back 327

barium enema

Front 328

BM

Back 328

bowel movement

Front 329

C

Back 329

canine (tooth)

Front 330

DA

Back 330

displaced abomasum

Front 331

EPI

Back 331

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Front 332

GDV

Back 332

gastric dilatation volvulus

Front 333

GERD

Back 333

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Front 334

GI

Back 334

gastrointestinal

Front 335

I

Back 335

incisor (tooth)

Front 336

IBD

Back 336

inflammatory bowel disease

Front 337

LDA

Back 337

left displaced abomasum

Front 338

M

Back 338

molar (tooth)

Front 339

NG

Back 339

nasogastric

Front 340

NPO

Back 340

nothing by mouth (non per os)

Front 341

P

Back 341

premolar (tooth)

Front 342

PD

Back 342

polydipsia

Front 343

PO

Back 343

orally (per os)

Front 344

RDA

Back 344

right displaced abomasum

Front 345

TPN

Back 345

total parenteral nutrition

Front 346

peristalsis

Back 346

contractile waves that propel ingesta caudally

Front 347

segmentation

Back 347

mixes and thus delays movement of ingesta