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174 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anterior
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situated in front of or directed toward the front
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posterior
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(dorsal) rear or back
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superior
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upper, nearer to crown of head
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inferior
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lower, farther from the crown of head
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external
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outside
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internal
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inside
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superficial
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nearer to the surface
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deep
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farther from the surface
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midline
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divides the body into right and left sides
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medial
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nearer to the midline
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lateral
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farther from the midline
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proximal
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nearer to the limb root
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distal
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farther from the limb root
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palmar
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concerning the palm of the hand
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plantar
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concerning the sole of the foot
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volar
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used to refer to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot
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abduction
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draws away from the midline
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adduction
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draws toward the midline
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flexion
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bending or angulation
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extension
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straightening out
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inverted
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turned inward
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everted
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turned outward
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supination
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turning of the palm or foot upward
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pronation
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turning of the hand so the palm faces downward
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adnexa
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ovaries and fallopian tubes
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afebrile
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without fever
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ambulatory
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able to move about, not confined to a bed
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amenorrhea
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absence of menses
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anesthetized
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partial or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness
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aneurysm
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widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood that may become clotted
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aphagia
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inability to swallow
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aphasia
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inability to express oneself through speech
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appendectomy
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surgical removal of appendix
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arrhythmia
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irregularity or loss of rhythm, usually of the heartbeat
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ascites
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accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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artery
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blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart, excluding pulmonary arteries
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arthralgia
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pain in a joint
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ataxia
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failure of muscle coordination, such as staggering gait
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atelectasis
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a collapsed or airless condition of the lung
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aural
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pertaining to the ear
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auricular
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related to the auricle of the ear, as in pre-auricular lymphnodes
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auscultation
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process of listening for sounds within the body
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avulsion
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forceful pulling away of a part or structure
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axilla
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pertaining to the armpit
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bradycardia
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unusually slow heart beat
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bruit
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murmur or sound heard in auscultation
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buccal
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pertaining to the cheek or mouth
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cachectic
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in a state of ill health, malnutrition and wasting
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cardiomegaly
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enlargement of the heart
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caries
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gradual decay of soft, bony tissue, or a tooth (cavity)
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cellulitis
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an infection in or close to the skin
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cerumen
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ear wax
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cervical
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pertaining to the neck or to the cervix of the uterus inner
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cholecystectomy
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surgical removal of gallbladder
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cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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cholelithiasis
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gallbladder calculi
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conjunctiva
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lining of eyelid
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cornea
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transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the eyeball and pupil
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crepitance
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crackling or grating sound, usually of bones
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crepitus
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the noise of gas being discharged from the intestines
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cushingoid
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resembling Cushing’s syndrome, signs of excess glucocorticoid hormone
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cyanotic
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bluish or slate-like skin color
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debridement
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removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound
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dentition
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the teeth in situ in dental arch
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dermis
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true skin, beneath the epidermis
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diaphoresis
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excessive or profuse sweating or perspiration
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differential diagnosis
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a diagnosis of symptoms of two or more diseases by comparison
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diplopia
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double vision
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dysarthria
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speech problem due to weakness, paralysis, muscular un-coordination
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstruation
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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dysphasia
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impairment of speech
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dyspnea
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difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath
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dysuria
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painful urination
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ecchymosis
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bruise, discolored area of the skin caused by bleeding underneath
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ectopic pregnancy
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implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity
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edema
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swelling of tissue due to excessive accumulation of fluid
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edentulous
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without teeth
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effusion
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escape of fluid into a part, as in pleural cavity or a joint
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embolism
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obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance
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emesis
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vomiting
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epistaxis
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nose bleed
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epididymitis
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inflammation of the epididymis
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erythema
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redness of skin caused by capillary congestion, irritation
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erythematous
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pertaining to or marked by erythema
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euthymic
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to have peace of mind
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evulsion
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forcible extraction, or act of tearing away of a part
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exudates
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production of pus or serum
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febrile
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to have a fever
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fluorescein
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dye used in eye exam to observe corneal abnormalities, foreign bodies
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fontanel
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incomplete closure of the parietal bones of a fetal or young skull
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fundus
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bottom of internal surface of hollow organ (eye)
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines
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gingival
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gums
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gravid
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being pregnant
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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hematochezia
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blood in stool
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hematoma
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swelling of blood in organ or tissue, bruise
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hematuria
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blood in urine
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hemoptysis
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spitting of blood, blood stained sputum
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hemorrhage
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excessive or profuse bleeding
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hemorrhoids
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a mass of dilated veins in the anorectum, can be internal or external
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hepatosplenomegaly
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enlargement of liver and spleen
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hypertension
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persistently high arterial blood pressure
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hypotension
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persistently low arterial blood pressure
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hypovolemia
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dehydration
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induration
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area of hardened tissue
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infarct
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necrotic area of tissue following cessation of the blood supply
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inguinal
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pertaining to the groin region
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ischemia
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temporary and localized anemia due to restricting circulation to a part
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kyphotic
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exaggeration or angulation of normal posterior curve of spine
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labyrinthitis
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inflammation of the inner ear
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ligament
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fibrous tissue, binding bones together
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lingual
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belonging to the tongue
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lithiasis
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formation of calculi and concretions
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lordosis
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anterior curvature of the cervical spine
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lymphadenopathy
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enlargement of a lymph node (anterior, posterior)
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macule
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a small spot or colored area
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malaise
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generalized discomfort or weakness
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malleolus
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projection on either side of the ankle joint from lower leg bones
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mastectomy
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surgical excision of the breast
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melena
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black tarry stool
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meningitis
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inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain; viral or bacterial
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metastasis
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change in manifestation of disease from one organ to another
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myalgia
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muscular pain
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nares
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nostrils
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nephrectomy
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surgical excision of a kidney
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nystagmus
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involuntary rapid eye movements
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occiput
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back part of the skull
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orthopnea
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difficulty breathing in any but erect sitting or standing position
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pallor
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pale skin
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palpable
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able to be touched or easily perceived
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papules
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a small, inflammatory, congested spot on the skin, a pimple
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para
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number of viable offspring born to a woman
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paresthesias
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numbness or tingling
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petechiae
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small red spots on the skin
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phalanx
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any one of the bones of the fingers or toes
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pharyngitis
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inflammation of pharynx with pain in the throat
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photophobia
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abnormal intolerance to light
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pleural effusion
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collection of fluid in the pleural space
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pleural rub
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sound caused by inflammation in lining of lungs
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pneumothorax
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air or gas in pleural space
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polyuria
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excessive urination, like in DM
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst
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post-prandial
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after eating
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post-tussive
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after coughing
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pruritus
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itching
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purulent
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resembling pus, consisting of pus
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of kidney substance and pelvis
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rale
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abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation
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renal
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pertaining to the kidneys
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rhinorrhea
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thin, watery discharge from nose
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rhonchi
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a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed
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sclera
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dense fibrous opaque white outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea
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sciatic
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pertaining to the ischium or hip
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sepsis
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presence of pathological microorganisms or their toxins in the blood
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serous
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serum-like substance
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sputum
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expectorant through the mouth, thick mucus
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stenosis
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narrowing of a body opening or passage
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stridor
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harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound caused by obstruction of the air passages
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sub-mental
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under the chin
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syncope
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loss of consciousness, faint
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tachycardia
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abnormal rapid heart beat
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tachypnea
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abnormally rapid respirations
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tinnitus
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ringing of the ears
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tragus
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cartilaginous projection in front of the exterior meatus of the ear
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trismus
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contraction of the muscles of chewing
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turgor
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condition of being distended or swollen, normal fullness
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urticaria
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hives, area either redder or paler than surrounding skin with itching
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vein
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vessel carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart, excluding pulmonary veins
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vertigo
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condition of dizziness with a spinning sensation
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vesicle
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a blister-like small elevation of the skin containing serous fluid
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wheeze
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difficulty breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passage
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