Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
angioplasty |
surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery |
|
arteries |
large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
|
|
capillaries |
microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules |
|
congenital |
pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes |
|
metabolism |
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism |
|
myocardium |
middle layer of the walls of heart that is composed of cardiac muscle |
|
veins |
vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart |
|
The cardiovascular system is composed of what? |
heart, and blood vessels |
|
aneurysm |
widening, widened blood vessel |
|
arterio |
artery |
|
ather |
fatty plaque |
|
atri |
atrium |
|
cardio |
heart |
|
coron |
heart |
|
phleb |
vein |
|
ven |
vein |
|
thromb |
blood clot |
|
varic |
dilated vein |
|
vas |
vessel; vas defernes; duct |
|
vascul |
vessel |
|
ventricul |
ventricle (of heart or brain) |
|
cardia |
heart condition
|
|
gram |
record, writing |
|
graph |
instrument for recording |
|
graphy |
process of recording |
|
stenosis |
narrowing, stricture |
|
brady |
slow |
|
endo |
in, within |
|
epi |
above, upon |
|
peri |
around |
|
aneurysm |
localized dilation of a blood vessel wall (usually an artery) due to congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall |
|
angina pectoris |
mild to serve pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; aka angina |
|
arrhythmia |
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; aka dysrhythmia |
|
fibrillation |
irregular, random contraction of heart fibers that commonly occurs in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation |
|
arteriosclerosis |
thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls |
|
atherosclerosis |
most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and eventually, total blockage |
|
ather |
fatty plaque |
|
bruit |
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow |
|
embolus |
mass of undissolved matter that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel |
|
embol
|
embulus; plug |
|
heart block |
disease of the electriacal system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle |
|
first degree heart block |
Atrioventricular block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles |
|
second degree heart block |
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles |
|
third degree heart block |
AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; aka complete heart block |
|
heart failure |
condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure |
|
hypertension |
consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart |
|
ischemia |
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow |
|
isch |
to hold back |
|
mitral valve prolapse |
structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction |
|
murmur |
abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart |
|
myocardial infarction |
necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; aka heart attack |
|
patent ductus arteriosus |
failure of the ductus arteriosus (which conncects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta |
|
raynaud disease |
severe, sudden vasoconstriciton and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; aka raynaud phenomemon |
|
rheumatic heart disease |
streptococcal infraction that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscles, most commonly in children and young adults |
|
stroke |
damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery aka cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
|
thrombus |
stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascualar obstruction; aka blood clot |
|
deep vein thrombosis |
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins. |
|
transient ischem (TIA) |
blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; aka ministroke |
|
cardiac catherterization |
insertion of a small tube through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm or leg, that is then threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart |
|
cardiac enzyme studies |
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage |
|
echocardiography (ECHO) |
ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditons |
|
electrocardiography (ECG) |
creation and study of graphic recording produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; also cardiography |
|
holter monitor |
monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph reading on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activites |
|
stress test |
electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exerise stress conditions (typically) using a treadmill while measuring oxygen consumption |
|
nuclear |
ECG that utilizes a radioiostope to evaluate coronary blood flow |
|
troponin I |
blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle and is a highly sensitive specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction |
|
angioplasty |
surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery |
|
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
Angioplasty in which peripheral vein are removed and each end of the vein in sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle |
|
cardioversion |
restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest using a deviced called a defibrillator |
|
Defibrillator |
device used to administer a defribillating electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm |
|
automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) |
surgically implanted electrical device that automatically detects and corrects a potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low energy shocks to the heart, aka implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
|
automatic external defibrillator (AED) |
portable computerized device the analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest |
|
endarterectomy |
surgical removal of the lining of an artery |
|
carotid endarterectomy |
removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke |
|
endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) |
treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causeing it to collaspe, shricnk and eventually disappear, ak called endovenous lar=ser ablation. |
|
sclerotherapy |
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein |
|
valuloplasty |
insertion of a balloon catherter in a blood vessel in the groin though the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow, aka percutaneous valvuloplasty |
|
antiocogulants |
prevent the clotting or coagulation of blood |
|
beta blockers |
slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, thereby lowering blood pressure |
|
nitrates |
relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure |
|
statins |
reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol |
|
thrombyolytics |
dissolve bood clots in a process known as thrombolysis |
|
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
condition that involves narrowing of the coronary arteries, resulting in failure of the arteries to deliver an adequate supply of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. |