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240 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brady-
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slow
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dia-
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around, passing through
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dys-
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bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
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end-, endo-
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within
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peri-
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around
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poly-
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many
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quadri-
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four
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sym-
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together, joined
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syn-
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together, joined
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ankyl/o
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fused, not straight
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burs/o
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purse or sac, bursa
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carp/o
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wrist
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cartil/o
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gristle, cartilage
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cel/o
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hernia, protrusion
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chir/o
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hand
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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condyl/o
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knuckle of a joint
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cost/o
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rib
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disk/o
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flat shape, intervertebral disk
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duct/o
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lead, move
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electr/o
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electricity
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fasci/o
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fascia
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femor/o
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thigh, femur
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fibul/o
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clasp of buckle, fibula
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flex/o
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bend
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ili/o
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flank, hip, groin
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ischi/o
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haunch, hip joint, ischium
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kinesi/o
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motion
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kyph/o
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hump
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later/o
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side
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lord/o
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bent forward
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maxill/o
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upper jaw bone
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menisc/o, menisci/o
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crescent-shaped moon, meniscus
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myel/o, myelon/o
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bone marrow (also means spinal cord, medulla, and myelin)
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my/o myos/o
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muscle
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neur/o
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sinew or cord (usually applied to nerve, but in the muscular system it refers to fascia)
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pariet/o
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wall
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ped/o
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child
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petro/o
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stone
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phalang/o
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row of soldiers, phalanx
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pod/o
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foot
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por/o
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small hole
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physis/o
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growth
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pub/o
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grown up, pubis
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rachi/o
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spine, vertebral column
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radi/o
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spoke of wheel, radius
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rheumat/o
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discharge
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sacr/o
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sacrred, sacrum
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scoli/o
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curved
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spondyl/o
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vertebra
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stern/o
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chest, sternum
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synov/o, synovi/o
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binding of eggs, synovial
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tars/o
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flat surface, tarsum
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taxi/o, tax/o
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reaction to stimulus
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vers/o
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turn
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ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
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to stretch out, tendon
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vertebr/o
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joint, vertebra
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-asthenia
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weakness
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-blast
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germ, bud, developing cell
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-cele
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bernia, swelling, protrusion
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-centesis
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punture; a surgical puncture to aspirate fluids
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-clasia, -clasis, -clast
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break apart
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-clonus
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in motion
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-desis
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surgical fixation, fusion
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-dynia
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pain
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-iatry
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treatment, specialty
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-iatrist
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one who practices
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-ist
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one who practices
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-oid
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resembling
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-otomy, -tomy
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cutting into, incision
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-physis
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growth
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-plasia
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shape, formation
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-plegia
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paralysis, (major)
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-practic
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one who practices
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-practor
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one who practices
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-ptosis
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falling down, drooping
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-schisis
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split, fissure
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-syndesis
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surgical fixation, fusion
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-tic
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pertaining to
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-trophy
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nourishment, development
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-um
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pertaining to
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-y
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process of
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bursa
(BER Sah) |
small fluid-filled sac in the shoulder, elbow and knee joints that provides cushioning effect during movement
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Carpals
(KAR pals) |
small bones of the wrist
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metacarpals
(mett ah KAR pals) |
small narrow bones in the hand
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adduction
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movement toward the body midline
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abduction
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movement away from the body midline
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circumduction
(sir kum DUC shun) |
turning the distal end of a bone in a circle
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fasscia
(FAH shee uh) |
a tough fibrous connective tissue
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femur
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bone of the upper leg or thigh
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Fibrous Joint
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joint where the material between bones consists of fibrous connective tissue that allows very little or no movement between them
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fibula
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smaller of the two bones on the lower leg
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dorsiflexion
(dor see FLEK shun) |
bending the foot or toes upward
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flexion
(FLEK shun) |
decreasing the angle between bones (bending a joint)
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plantar flexion
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bending the sole of the foot by curling the toes downward toward the ground
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ilium
(ILL ee um) |
the upper, wing-shaped bone of the pelvic girdle
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ischium
(ISS kee um) |
the inferior bone of the pelvic girdle
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meniscus
(men ISS kuss) |
a crescent-shaped cartilage that helps to stabilize joint movements, plural form is menisci
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aponeurosis
(APP oh no ROH siss) |
a flattened tendon; it functions as a fascia that joins muscle together or joins muscle to bone
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endosteum
(ehn DOSS tee um) |
thin layer of connective tissue that lines the marrow cavity
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osteoblast
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bone cell that is mobile and seretes bone matrix
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osteoclast
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bone cell that dissolves bone matrix
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osteocyte
(OSS tee oh sight) |
bone cell that is stationary, locked within bone matrix
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periosteum
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thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that forms the outermost layer of the bone
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parietal bones
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part of the skull two bones at the top of the head
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patellla
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bone that forms the kneecap
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phalanges of the fingers
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small narrow bones of the fingers. Singular form is phalanx (FA lanks)
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phalanges of the toes
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small narrow bones of the toes
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diaphysis
(dye AFF ih siss) |
long narrow shaft portion of long bones
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epiphysis
(eh PIFF ih siss) |
end of a long bone
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pubis
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anterior part of the pelvic girdle
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What is Baclofen/Lioresal's mechanism of action?
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it is a GABA agonist (GABA is an inhibitory NT), the meds bind to the synapse for alpha motor neuron so the GABA can't bind which decreases spasticity
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radius
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bone of the forearm that is in line with the thumb
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sacrum
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four vertebrae that fuse in early childhood into a single bone that forms the dorsal wall of the pelvis
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appendicular skeleton
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division of the skeleton that includes the bones of the appendages and pectoral and pelvic girdles
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axial skeleton
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division of the skeleton that includes the bones that are located along or near the central vertical axis of the body; it includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and the bones of the thoracic cage
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skeletal muscle
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muscle tissue that forms the muscle attached to bones
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synovial joint
(sin OH vee al) |
joint that contains synovial fluid within a sac of connective tissue, allowing for the most movement between bones relative to fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints
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synovial fluid
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fluid produced by the synovial membrane, which provides lubrication, and a shock-absorbing cushion in synovial joints
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metatarsus
(mett ah TAR suss) |
bones of the foot; also called the metatarsal bones
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tarsus
(TAR suss) |
bones of the ankle; also called the tarsal bones
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tendon
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band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
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eversion
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turning body part outward
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cervical vertebrae
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first seven bones of the vertebral column numbered C1 to C7 from superior to inferior
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interverebral disc
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fibrocartilaginous disc located between vertebrae
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lumbar vertebrae
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five vertebrae of the lower spine, numbered L1 to L5
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vertebral column
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spinal column; 31 vertebrae in a linear formation
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arthraliga
(ahr THRAL jee ah) |
pain in joint
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ataxia
(ah TAK see ah) |
inability to coordinate muscles while executing a voluntary movement
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atrophy
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lacking development, or wasting
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bradykinesia
(BRAD ee kih NEE see ah) |
abnormally slow movement
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dyskinesia
(dis kih NEE see ah) |
difficulty in movement
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dystrophy
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deformities that arise during development
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hypertrophy
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excessive development
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myalgia
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muscle tenderness or pain
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rigor
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state of rigidity of muscle during which the muscle is unable to contract
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tenodynia
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pain in tendon
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tremor
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involuntary shaking of limbs
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achondroplasia
(ah kon droh PLAY zee ah) |
abnormal slow growth of long bones; results in unusally short limbs
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ankylosis
(an kill OH siss) |
abnormal condition of joint stiffness
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arthtritis
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inflammation and degeneration of a joint
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arthrochondritis
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inflammation of cartiages within joints
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bunion
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abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe
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bursitis
(ber SIGH tiss) |
inflammation of a bursa
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bursolith
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a calcium deposit (or stone) within a bursa
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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repetitive stress injury in which the nerves of the wrist generate pain impulses due to inflammation of synovial sheaths; ABBV: CTS
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carpostosis
(KAR poh TOH siss) |
drooping of the wrist; also called wrist drop
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chondromalcia
(kon droh mah LAY she ah) |
deterioration or softening of the cartilage
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cramps
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prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions
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cranioschisis
(KRAY nee OSS kih siss) |
fissure in the skull present at birth
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diskitis
(kiss KYE tiss) |
inflammation of a intervertebral disk
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Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
(doo SHENZ) |
congenital condition that results in progressive muscular weakness and deterioration ABBV: DMD
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epicondylitits
(ep ih kon dih lYE tiss) |
inflammation of the cartilages of the elbow
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gout
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abdormal deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints (usually big toe) cuases localized pain also called GOUTY ARTHRITIS
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herniated disk
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rupture of an intervertebral disk; results in the protrusion of tissue against spinal nerves, which generates pain
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kyphosis
(kih FOH siss) |
deformity of the spine characterized by the presence of a hump AKA hunchback
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lateral epicondylitis
(ep ih kon dih LYE tiss) |
inflammation of the later tendon of the elbow AKA tennis elbow
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lordosis
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deformity of the spine characterized by an anterior curve of the lumbar area
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Marfan's syndrome
(mahr FAHNZ) |
inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms & legs
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maxillitis
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inflammation of the maxilla (upper jaw bone)
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meniscitis
(MEN iss eye tiss) |
inflammation of the menisucs (crescent-shaped moon)
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myasthenia gravis
(my ass THEE nee ah) |
weakness in the muscles
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myeloma
(my ah LOH mah) |
tumor composed of bone marrow cells
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myoclonus
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spasm or twitching of a muscle or muscle group
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myositis
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inflammation of muscle tissue
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osteitis deformans
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viral infection of the bone that causes deformities of the skeleton and results form acceration of bone loss AKA Paget's Disease
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osteoarthritis
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form of arthritis characterized by an age releated deterioration of joints that is accompained by erosion of cartilage and painful inflammation ABBV: OA
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osteochondritits
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inflammation of the bone and associated cartilage
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osteofibroma
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a benign tumor of bone, in which the tumor contains fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the bone
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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inherited conition that results in impaired growth and fragile bones; leads to progressive skeletal deformation and frequent fractures
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osteomyelitits
(OSS tee oh my eh LYE tiss) |
painful bone infection caused by bacteria; characterized by inflammation of the red bone marrow
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osteonecrosis
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death of bone tissue
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osteopetrosis
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excessive formation of dense bone which crowds out marrow cavities and leads to cutting off the blood supply to the bone AKA marble bone
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osteoporosis
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abnormal loss of bone density
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paraplegia
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paralysis of both leggs and lower part of the body
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paresis
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partial motor paralysis
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polymyositis
(PALL ee my oh SYE tiss) |
inflammation of many muscles simultaneously
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rheumatoid arthritis
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form of arthritis characterized by progressive, gradual joint deterioration that is caused by an autoimmune response (attack of the body's own white blood cells) ABBV: RA
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SCI
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Spinal Cord Injury
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spondylarthritis
(SPON dill) |
inflammation of the intervertebral joints
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sprain
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injury results from stretching a ligament beyond its normal range, tearing its collagen fibers
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Strain
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injury results from stretching a muscle beyond its normal range tearing muscle tissue
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synoviosarcoma
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cancer of a synovial membrain in a joint
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tenosynovitis
(TEN oh sin oh VYE tiss) |
inflammation of a tendon and the synovial membrane that surrounds it
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Colles
(KOH leez) |
break in the distal part of the radius
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comminuted
(KOM ih noo ted) |
break that results in fragmentation of the bone
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compression
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crushed break often due to weight or pressue applied to a bone during a fall
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displaced
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break that causes abnormal alignment of bone pieces
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epiphyseal
(eh PIFF ih see al) |
break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone
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greenstick
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slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure (split, crack) in an x-ray
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nondisplaced
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break in which the broken bones retain their alignment
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Pott's
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break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg
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spiral
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spiral shaped break often caused by twising stresses along a long bone
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arthrocentesis
(AHR throh sen TEE siss) |
surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate(suction) fluids from the synovial cavity
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arthroclasia
(ahr throh KLAY zee ah) |
breaking of an abnormally still joint during surgery to increase ROM(range of motion)
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arthrodesis
(AHR throh DEE siss) |
surgical fixation (stabilization) of a joint
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arthrogram
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x-ray film of a joint after injection of air, contrast media, or both
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bursectomy
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surgical excision of a bursa(purse or sac)
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chondrectomy
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surgical excision of a joint cartilage
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costectomy
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surgical excision of a rib
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craniotomy
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surgical entry into the cranium
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diskectomy
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surgical excision of an intervertebral disk
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ACL
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anterior curciate ligament, a ligament that stabilizes the knee joint
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BMD
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bone mineral density
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CTS
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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DMD
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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EMG
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electromyogram
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FX, fx
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fracture
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HNP
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herniated nucleus pulposous, a herniated interverterbral disk
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IM
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intramusular
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MD
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muscular dystrophy
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MG
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myasthenia gravis
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OA
|
osteoarthritis
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OD
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physician who specializes in osteopathy
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ortho
|
orthopedics
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THR
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total hip replacement
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TKA
|
total knee arthroplasty
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TKR
|
total knee replacement
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vertebrae
C1 through C7 |
seven cervical vertebrae
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vertebrae
T1 through T12 |
tweleve thoracic vertebrae
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vertebrae
L1 through L5 |
five lumbar vertebrae
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electromyography
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diagnostic procedure that records the strength of muscle contraction
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fasciotomy
(FASH ee OTT oh mee) |
surgical incision into fascia
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laminectomy
(LAHM ih NEK toh mee) |
surgical excision of part of a vertebra known as the lamina often as part of a treatment for a herniated(ruptured) disk
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meniscectomy
(MEN Ih SEK toh mee) |
surgical removal of a meniscus(crescent shaped moon)
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myoplasty
|
surgical repair of muscle tissue
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myorrhaphy
(my OR ah fee) |
closing of muscle with sutures
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orthopedist
|
one who specializes in musculoskeletal diseases
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orthotist
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one who specializes in orthotics
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osteclasis
|
surgical breaking of the boen to correct a defect
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osteologist
|
one who specalizes in treatment of bone disease
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osteopath
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one trained in osteopathy; ABB OD also called an osteopathic surgeon
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osteopathy
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medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health, with an emphasis on preventative medicine
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tenotomy
|
incision into a tendon
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tenorrhaphy
(ten OR ah fee) |
closing a tendon with sutures
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tenomyoplasty
|
surgical repair of muscle and its tendon
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synovectomy
|
surgical excision of a joint's synovial membrane
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spondylosyndesis
(SPON dih loh sin DEE siss) |
surgically connecting adjacent vertebrae; commonly called a spinal fusion
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rachiotomy
|
surgical incision into the vertebral column
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podiatrist
|
one trained in podiatry also called a chiropodist
|
