Medical Terminology - Chapter 15 & 16

Front 1

Encephalomyeloradiculitis

Back 1

Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord and nerve roots

Front 2

meningitis

Back 2

Inflammation of the meninges

Front 3

meningomyelocele

Back 3

Protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord (through a neural arch defect in the vertebral column; also called myelomeningocele)

Front 4

neuroarthropathy

Back 4

Disease of nerves and joints

Front 5

neurasthenia

Back 5

Weakness of nerves

Front 6

Neuroma

Back 6

Tumor made up of nerve cells

Front 7

Polymyelitis

Back 7

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord (this infectious disease, commonly referred to as polio, is caused by one of three polio viruses)

Front 8

Subdural Hematoma

Back 8

Pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood (literally translated); A hematoma is a collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel

Front 9

Neuralgia

Back 9

Pain in a nerve

Front 10

Encephalomalacia

Back 10

Softening of the brain

Front 11

Polyneuritis

Back 11

Inflammation of many nerves

Front 12

Cerebral Thrombosis

Back 12

Pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (blood clot in a blood vessel of the brain)

Front 13

Neurolysis

Back 13

Dissolution of a nerve (for pain management)

Front 14

Shingles

Back 14

Viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster)

Front 15

Neuroplasty

Back 15

Surgical repair of a nerve

Front 16

Rhizotomy

Back 16

Incision into a nerve root

Front 17

Neurectomy

Back 17

Excision of a nerve

Front 18

Electroencephalograph

Back 18

Instrument used to record electrical activity of the brain

Front 19

Cerebral Angiography

Back 19

Process of recording (scan) of the (blood) vessels of the cerebrum (after an injection of contrast medium)

Front 20

Encephalsclerosis

Back 20

Hardening of the brain

Front 21

Anesthesia

Back 21

Without (loss of) feeling or sensation

Front 22

Quadriplegia

Back 22

Paralysis of four (limbs)

Front 23

Dysphasia

Back 23

Condition of difficulty speaking

Front 24

Intracerebral

Back 24

Pertaining to within the cerebrum

Front 25

Cephalalgia

Back 25

Pain in the head (headache) (also called cephalgia)

Front 26

Interictal

Back 26

(Occurring) between seizures or attacks

Front 27

Aphasia

Back 27

Condition of without speaking (loss or impairment of the ability to speak)

Front 28

Neuroid

Back 28

Resembling a nerve

Front 29

Hyperesthesia

Back 29

Excessive sensitivity (to stimuli)

Front 30

Subdural

Back 30

Pertaining to below the dura mater

Front 31

Monoplegia

Back 31

Paralysis of one (limb)

Front 32

Myelomalacia

Back 32

Softening of the spinal cord

Front 33

Panplegia

Back 33

Total paralysis

Front 34

Efferent

Back 34

Conveying away from the center (for example, efferent nerves carry information away from the central nervous system)

Front 35

Paraplegic

Back 35

Pertaining to total paralysis

Front 36

Ataxia

Back 36

Lack of muscle coordination

Front 37

Psychopathy

Back 37

(any) disease of the mind

Front 38

Meningocele

Back 38

Protrusion of the meninges (through a defect in the skull or vertebral arch)

Front 39

Cerebral Embolism

Back 39

An embolus (usually a blood clot or piece of atherosclerotic plaque arising from a distant site) lodges in a cerebral artery, causing a sudden blockage of blood supply to the brain tissue.

Front 40

Mononeuropathy

Back 40

Disease affecting a single nerve (such as carpal tunnel syndrome)

Front 41

Adrenomegaly

Back 41

Enlargement of one (or both) of the adrenal glands

Front 42

Hyponatremia

Back 42

Deficient sodium in the blood

Front 43

Hyperthyroidism

Back 43

State of excessive thyroid gland activity (excessive secretion of thyroid hormones)

Front 44

Parathyroidoma

Back 44

Tumor of the parathyroid gland

Front 45

Acromegaly

Back 45

Enlargement of the extremities due to excessive production of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland after growth plates have closed (after puberty)

Front 46

Hyperglycemia

Back 46

Excessive sugar in the blood

Front 47

Hypothyroidism

Back 47

State of deficient thyroid gland activity

Front 48

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 48

Chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the islets of Langerhans and characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

Front 49

Cushing Syndrome

Back 49

Group of signs and symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal corticles. May be the result of a pituitary tumor. Signs include abnormally pigmented skin, moon face, buffalo hump, wasting away of muscles, and hypertension

Front 50

Acidosis

Back 50

Condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism such as seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Front 51

Diabetes Insipidus

Back 51

Result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria), and sodium being excreted from the body

Front 52

Gigantism

Back 52

Condition brought on by hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty

Front 53

Goiter

Back 53

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Front 54

Thyroidectomy

Back 54

Excision of the thyroid gland

Front 55

Adenectomy

Back 55

Excision of a gland

Front 56

Thyroidotomy

Back 56

Incision of the thyroid gland

Front 57

Thyroxine Level

Back 57

Blood test that gives the direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the patient's blood.

Greater than normal amount: hyperthryoidism

Less than normal amount: hypothyroidism

Front 58

Euthyroid

Back 58

Resembling of a normal thyroid gland

Front 59

Corticoid

Back 59

Resembling the cortex

Front 60

Polydipsia

Back 60

Abnormal state of much thirst

Front 61

Syndrome

Back 61

Run together (signs and symptoms occurring together that are characteristics of a specific disorder)

Front 62

Adrenopathy

Back 62

Disease of the adrenal gland

Front 63

Euglycemia

Back 63

Normal level of sugar in the blood

Front 64

Metabolism

Back 64

Sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism

Front 65

Hormones

Back 65

Substances secreted by glands

Front 66

ADH

Back 66

Antidiuretic hormone

Function: Stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water

Front 67

PRH

Back 67

Prolactin releasing hormone

Function: Promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant

Front 68

Hypothalamus

Back 68

Located superior to the pituitary gland in the brain

Secretes: releasing hormones that function to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones.

Front 69

Islets of Langerhans

Back 69

Clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout pancreas

Secretes: insulin and glucagon

Front 70

Pituitary Gland

Back 70

Master Gland

Two lobes (anterior and posterior)

Stimulates hormones that stimulate the functions of other endocrine glands.

Front 71

Parathyroid Glands

Back 71

Four small bodies embedded on the posterior of the thyroid gland

Secretes: Parathyroid hormone

Front 72

Thyroid Gland

Back 72

Largest endocrine gland

Secretes: T3 and T4

Front 73

Adrenal Glands

Back 73

Suprarenals

Secretes: Cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Front 74

Posterior Lobe

Back 74

Neurohypophysis

Secretes: Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Front 75

Anterior Lobe

Back 75

Adenohypophysis

Secretes: growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, gonadotropic hormones, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin-releasing hormone, lactogenic hormone