Medical Terminology Chapter 13 Endocrine System

Front 1

Antagonistic

Back 1

Acting in opposition, mutually opposing

Front 2

electrolytes

Back 2

mineral salts (Na, K, Ca) that carry an electrical charge in solution

Hint 2

A proper balance of electrolytes is essential to the normal functioning of the entire body

Front 3

glucagon

Back 3

Hormone produced by the pancreatic alpha cells that increases the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver change stored glycogen to glucose

Hint 3

opposes the action of insulin and is used to reverse hypoglycemic reactions in insulin shock

Front 4

glucose

Back 4

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

Front 5

hormones

Back 5

chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body that are released slowly in minute amounts directly into the bloodstream

Hint 5

Hormones are primarily produced by the endocrine glands and are carried through the bloodstream to the target organ

Front 6

insulin

Back 6

Hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that acts to remove sugar (glucose) from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as carbohydrates (glycogen)

Front 7

sympathomimetic

Back 7

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Hint 7

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are sympathomimetic hormones because they produce effects that mimic those brought about by the sympathetic nervous system

Front 8

target

Back 8

structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed

Hint 8

In the endocrine system, a target is the structure, organ, or tissue on which a hormone exerts its specific effect

Front 9

adren/o
adrenal/o

Back 9

Adrenal glands
Adrenomegaly
Adrenalectomy

Front 10

calc/o

Back 10

calcium

Front 11

crin/o

Back 11

secrete

Front 12

gluc/o. glyco, glycos/o

Back 12

sugar, sweetness

Hint 12

glucogenesis
hypoglycemia
glycosuria

Front 13

kal/i

Back 13

potassium
kalemia - potassium in blood

Front 14

pancreat/o

Back 14

pancreas
pancreatotomy - incision of pancreas

Front 15

parathyroid/o

Back 15

parathyroid glands

Front 16

thym/o

Back 16

thymus gland
thymoma - tumor of the thymus

Front 17

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Back 17

thyroid gland

Front 18

-crine

Back 18

secrete

Front 19

-dipsia

Back 19

thirst
polydipsia - excessive thirst

Front 20

-gen

Back 20

forming, producing, origin

Front 21

-toxic

Back 21

poison
thyrotoxic - toxic activity of thyroid

Front 22

-uria

Back 22

urine
glycosuria - glucose in urine

Front 23

hypo-

Back 23

under, below

Front 24

acromegaly

Back 24

chronic metabolic disorder characterized by gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw

Front 25

diuresis

Back 25

increased formation and secretion of urine

Hint 25

Diuresis occurs in such conditions as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and acute renal failure. Alcohol and coffee are common diuretics that increase formation and secretion of urine

Front 26

glycosuria

Back 26

presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in urine

Front 27

graves disease

Back 27

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos(abnormal protrusion of the eyeball)

Front 28

hirsutism

Back 28

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in woman

Hint 28

hirsutism in women is usually caused by abnormalities of androgen production or metabolism

Front 29

hypercalcemia

Back 29

excessive amount of calcium in blood

Front 30

hyperkalemia

Back 30

excessive amount of potassium in blood

Hint 30

hyperkalemia is most commonly a result of defective renal excretion of potassium

Front 31

hypervolemia

Back 31

abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body

Hint 31

Hypervolemia commonly results from retention of large amounts of sodium and water by the kidneys. Signs and symptoms of hypervolemia include weight gain, edema, dyspnea, and pulmonary congestion

Front 32

hyponatremia

Back 32

abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood

Front 33

insulinoma

Back 33

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Front 34

obesity

Back 34

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase in 20% or more above ideal body weight

Hint 34

Obesity may be a result of excessive intake of food (exogenous) or metabolic endocrine abnormalities (endogenous)

Front 35

morbid obesity

Back 35

body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more lbs over ideal body weight

Hint 35

morbid obesity is a disease with serious psychological, social, and medical reifications and one that threatens necessary body functions such as respiration

Front 36

panhypopituitarism

Back 36

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity

Front 37

pheochromocytoma

Back 37

small chromaffin cell tumor usually located in the adrenal medulla

Front 38

thyroid storm

Back 38

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone, also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis

Hint 38

thyroid storm may occur spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, stress, or thyroidectomy performed on patent who is inadequately prepared with antithyroid drugs. thyroid is considered a medical emergency and if left untreated may be fatal

Front 39

virile

Back 39

masculine or having characteristics of a man

Front 40

virilism

Back 40

maculation in a woman or development of secondary sex characteristics in a woman

Front 41

exophthalmometry

Back 41

Test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in graves disease

Front 42

fasting blood glucose

Back 42

test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast

Front 43

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Back 43

test that measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals

Front 44

insulin tolerance test

Back 44

test that determines insulin levels in serum (blood) by administering insulin and measuring blood glucose levels in the blood at regular intervals

Hint 44

In hypoglycemia, glucose levels may be lower and return to normal more slowly

Front 45

Protein-bound iodine (PBI)

Back 45

test that measures the concentration of thyroxine in the blood

Hint 45

the PBI test provides and index of thyroid activity

Front 46

thyroid function test (TFT)

Back 46

tetst that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

Hint 46

TFT measures TSH, T3, and T4

Front 47

total calcium

Back 47

test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders

Front 48

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

Back 48

administration of radioactive iodine orally or intravenously as a tracer to detect how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from blood

Hint 48

helps determine thyroid function

Front 49

thyroid scan

Back 49

after injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

Hint 49

used to identify nodules and tumors of the thyroid gland

Front 50

microneurosurgery of the pituitary gland

Back 50

micro dissection of a tumor using binocular surgical microscope for magnification

Front 51

parathyroidectomy

Back 51

excision of the one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

Front 52

pinealectomy

Back 52

removal of the pineal body

Front 53

thymectomy

Back 53

excision of the thymus gland

Front 54

thyroidectomy
partial
subtotal

Back 54

excision of thyroid gland
partial - method of choice for removing fibrous nodular thyroid
subtotal - removal of most of the thyroid to deliver hyperthyroidism