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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell (cyt/o)
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-fundamental unit of life
-basic life functions -some are specialized |
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tissue (hist/o) or (histi/o)
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-groups of cells
-perform some basic activity |
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organs
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-groups of tissues
-closely associated -work together to perform special function -general shape |
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systems
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-group of organs
-perform common function -gastrointestinal -respiratory -cardiovascular |
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organism
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-highest level of organization
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anatomical position
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-erect body
-eyes straight and forward -upper limbs hang to side with palms facing forward -lower limbs parallel, toes point forward |
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sagittal cut
-midsagittal -parasagittal |
right and left split
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coronal/frontal cut
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front and back split
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transverse/horizontal cut
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top and bottom half split
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oblique cut
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diagonal
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Recumbant positions
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-any position in which the individual is lying down
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supine (supin/o)
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on back, face up
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prone
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on belly, face down
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4 quadrants
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right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
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What organs are located in the right upper quadrant?
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-liver
-right kidney -colon -pancreas -gallbladder |
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What organs are located in the left upper quadrant?
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-liver
-spleen -left kidney -stomach -colon -pancreas |
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What organs are located in the left lower quadrant?
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-colon
-small intestines -major artery and vein to left leg -ureter |
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What organs are located in the right lower quadrant?
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-colon
-small intestines-major artery and vein to right let -ureter -appendix |
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What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
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right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right inguinal (iliac) region, hypogastric region, left inguinal (iliac) region
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parietal
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closest to body wall
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visceral
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closest to organs inside
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5 parts of vertebrae
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-cervical (7)
-thoracic (12) -lumbar (5) -sacrum -coccyx |
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abduction
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movement away from the median plane of the body or one of its parts
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adduction
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movement toward the median plane of the body
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superior (cephalad)
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tward the head or upper portion of a structure
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inferior (caudal)
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away from the head or upper portion of a structure
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biopsy
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-removal of small piece of living tissue
-microscopic examination -performed by pathologist -purpose to confirm/establish a diagnosis -incisional - small piece removed -needle - removes core -FS - frozen section |
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cyt/o
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cell
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hist/o
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tissue
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nucle/o , kary/o
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nucleus
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anter/o
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anterior, front
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caud/o
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tail
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crani/o
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cranium (skull)
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dist/o
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far, farthest
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dors/o
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back (of body)
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infer/o
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lower, below
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later/o
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side
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medi/o
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middle
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poster/o
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back (of body), behind, posterior
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proxim/o
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near, nearest
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ventr/o
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belly, belly side
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abdomin/o
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abdomen
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cervic/o
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neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
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crani/o
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cranium (skull)
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gastr/o
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stomach
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ili/o
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ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)
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inguin/o
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groin
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lumb/o
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loins, lower back
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umbilic/o
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naval
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pelv/i , pelv/o
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pelvis
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spin/o
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spine
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thorac/o
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chest
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albin/o , leuk/o
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white
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chlor/o
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green
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chrom/o
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color
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cirrh/o , jaund/o , xanth/o
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yellow
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cyan/o
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blue
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erythr/o
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red
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purpur/o
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purple
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melan/o
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black
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poli/o
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gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)
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acr/o
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extremity
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eti/o
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cause
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fasci/o
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band (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
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idi/o
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unknown, peculiar
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morph/o
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form, shape, structure
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path/o
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disease
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radi/o
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radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
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somat/o
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body
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son/o
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sound
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viscer/o
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internal organs
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xer/o
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dry
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-gnosis
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knowing
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diagnosis
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determining what is worng with the individual
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prognosis
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outlook
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acute
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sudden occurance - short duration
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chronic
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long term
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pathogenesis
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disease progression/producing
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etiology
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causes (study of the causes of the disease)
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sequelae
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condition as a result of a preceeding condition/disease
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hereditary disease
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genetic (hemophilia)
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congenital disease
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present at birth (cleft lip)
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degenerative disease
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MS, arthritis, alzheimer's
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neoplastic disease
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tumors, cancer
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metabolic/nutritional diseases
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diabetes, absorbtion problems
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immunological disease
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rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS
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infectious disease
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AIDS, mumps, chicken pox
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psychogenic
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mental illnesses
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idiopathic
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unknown cause or origin
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iatrogenic
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caused by treatment, meds, procedure, physician
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nosocomial
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acquired from a hospital
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sign
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objective indicators
-erythema - tissue redness -palpable mass -fever |
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symptoms
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subjective indicators
-experienced by patient -pain -malaise (feeling of impending doom) |
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CT SCAN (CAT SCAN)(Computer Tomography Scan)
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x-ray that can produce "3-D" pictures of a cross section of a part of the body.
-tumor masses -fluid accumulation -bone displacement -may be used with or without contrast media (barium) |
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
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uses radiowaves instead of x-rays
-superior soft tissue contrast -multiple plane views -avoids radiation hazard -CNS especially brain stem/spinal cord -musculoskeletal -pelvic -usually no contrast media needed |
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PET SCAN (Positron Emission Tomography
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produces a cross sectional image of metabolic activity in the body tissues by recording the positively charged particles emitted from a radiopharmaceutical
-important in diagnosis of disorders involving abnormal tissue metabolism -brain tumors, epilepsy, stroke -single photon emission computed tomography |
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SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomotraphy)
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-injected radionuclide emits radiation
-detected by a tamma camera -healthy organ absorbes radionuclide at a specific rate -over or under absorption may indicate disease |
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Ultrasound (Ultrasonography)
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-high frequency sound waves used to produce image
-reflected "echos" converted into image -creates real-time moving images |
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Bx, bx
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biopsy
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Sx and Tx
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symptom and treatment
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